Increasing the Efficiency and Level of Environmental Safety of Pro-Environmental City Heat Supply Technologies by Low Power Nuclear Plants

In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.

Differential Expression of Genes Related to Fruit Development and Capsaicinoids Synthesis in Habanero Pepper Plants Grown in Contrasting Soil Types

Habanero pepper(Capsicum chinense Jacq.)is a crop of economic relevance in the Peninsula of Yucatan.Its fruits have a high level of capsaicinoids compared to peppers grown in other regions of the world,which gives them industrial importance.Soil is an important factor that affects pepper development,nutritional quality,and capsaicinoid content.However,the effect of soil type on fruit development and capsaicinoid metabolism has been little understood.This work aimed to compare the effect of soils with contrasting characteristics,black soil(BS)and red soil(RS),on the expression of genes related to the development of fruits,and capsaicinoid synthesis using a transcriptomic analysis of the habanero pepper fruits.Plants growing in RS had bigger fruits and higher expression of genes related to floral development,fruit abscission,and softening which suggests that RS stimulates fruit development from early stages until maturation stages.Fruits from plants growing in BS had enrichment in metabolic pathways related to growth,sugars,and photosynthesis.Besides,these fruits had higher capsaicinoid accumulation at 25 days post-anthesis,and higher expression of genes related to the branched-chain amino acids metabolism(ketol-acid reductisomerase KARI),pentose phosphate pathway and production of NADPH(glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase G6PDH),and proteasome and vesicular traffic in cells(26S proteasome regulatory subunit T4 RPT4),which suggest that BS is better in the early stimulation of pathways related to the nutritional quality and capsaicinoid metabolism in the fruits.

Beyond Biochar-Soil, Plant and Environment: Research Progress and Future Prospects

Since industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has kept a continuous increase by more than 2.2 ppm yr^-1, and approaches to almost 400 ppm at present （Jouzel 2012）. China has become the largest country of greenhouse gas emission （GHG）, and confronts with great challenge to mitigate GHG.

Developmental Genetics Analysis for Plant Height in indica Hybrid Rice Across Environments

The developmental genetics of plant height was analyzed from two groups of three-line indica hybrid rice at two environmental conditions based on the NCII design, using the additive-dominant developmental genetics models and the statistic methods. The results showed that the rice genotypes and environmental conditions could both affect plant height, and the effects of environment on plant height decreased gradually with plant development. Additive and dominant effects both governed the performance of plant height at all developmental stages. However, the degrees of effect varied among the rice genotypes. Moreover, the interaction between environments and genotypes also affected plant height. The genetic effects differed at most developmental stages. Furthermore, the expressJon of additive effect was more active than that of dominant effect. Conditional interaction effects with environment also influenced plant height during genetic development, especially at the eady stage. Mid-parent heterosis （HMP） increased gradually with the developmental stage of plant height, and maximized at the latest stage, whereas the heterosis over the better parent （HBP） showed small differences among the genotypes, and kept stable at the later stage, with positive numeric value. At most developmental stages, conditional HMP was positively significant, while conditional HBP was negatively significant. All above results suggest that HMP and HBP have some new expressions in all developmental periods and the levels and directions are quite different.

Radiological monitoring results of the ambient environment around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant

A plan of surveillance monitoring Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) has been implemented since 1992, the objective of which is to establish the database of environmental radiation information around QNPP, and to detect any unplanned discharge of radioactive materials from QNPP. This paper presents the monitoring results for radionuclide concentrations in the environmental matrices before and after QNPP operation. The radionuclide con- centrations in vegetation, food, atmosphere, soil and littoral soil samples have been determined. After operation of QNPP, the mean values of 137Cs, Sr and H in water are 0.6, 4.9 mBq/L and 1.7 Bq/L, respectively; the mean values 90 3 of137Cs in soil and littoral soil are 3.5 and 2.7 Bq/kg, respectively; the mean values of137Cs in rice, green cabbage, meat, mullet, milk and tea are 0.033, 0.039, 0.081, 0.069, 0.018 and 0.62 Bq/kg, respectively; the mean values of 90 Sr in rice, green cabbage and tea are 0.081, 0.315 and 4.1 Bq/kg, respectively; gross β activity in fallout is 0.9 Bq·m-2·d-1. Compared with the data before QNPP’s operation, no significant difference has heen observed in the radioactivity of137Cs, Sr, H and the gross β activity in ambient environmental matrices from 1992 to 2001, and 90 3 there are only some fluctuations within the range of background.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Plant Growth Environment Course in the Context of Application Transformation Development

Through the personnel training program,revising the syllabus,optimizing teaching contents,reforming teaching methods,strengthening practical teaching links and reforming examination methods,this paper explored the teaching reform and practice of Plant Growth Environment Course,in order to improve the teaching effect,stimulate learning interests of students,and cultivate application type talents meeting social demands.

Spatial and environmental effects on plant communities in the Yellow River Delta,Eastern China

Types and structure of plant communities in the Yellow River Delta were investigated by using detrended canonical correspon-dence analyses(DCCAs) and a two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN).The distribution pattern and influential factors of the plant communities were also analyzed by testing elevation, slope, soil characteristics, longitude and latitude of 134 vegetation samples collected by representative plot sampling methods.Results showed that all the 134 vegetation samples could be divided into seven vegetation groups, separately dominated by Robinia pseucdoacacia, Imperata cylindrical, Miscanthus saccharifleus, Suaeda salsa, Aeluropus sinensis, Phragmites australis and Tamarix chinensis.The vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to elevation, ground water depth and soil characteristics such as salinity and soluble potassium.Among the factors affecting distribution pattern of the plant communities, the species matrix explained by non-spatial environmental variation accounts for 45.2% of total variation.Spatial variation and spatial-structured environmental variation explain 11.8%, and 2.2%, respectively.Remained 40.8% of undetermined variation is attributed to biological and stochastic factors.

Plant diversity-productivity patterns in the alpine steppe environment of the Central Tianshan Mountains

The biodiversity-productivity relationship is an important topic in the research of biodiversity and ecosystem function. The plant diversity productivity pattern is commonly unimodal and positively correlated. This paper researches the characteristics of plant diversity-productivity patterns in the Bayanbuluk alpine steppe in the central Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China, and analyzes the effects of environmental factors on the distribution of plant communities, species composition, plant diversity and productivity in the steppe. The results show a positive correlation between plant diversity and productivity. DCCA (detrended canonical correspondence analysis) ordination reveals a significant relationship between the effects of air temperature, soil moisture content, available soil nitrogen, relative humidity and pH value on the distribution and composition of plant communities. There are significant correlations between the soil moisture content, relative humidity, pH value, air temperature and species richness and the aboveground biomass of Gramineae and Cyperaceae, and also significant correlations between the relative humidity, pH values and the total aboveground biomass of plant communities.

燃烧热测定实验的课程思政设计——农林废弃物的热值测定

燃烧热测定是一个经典的物理化学实验。本案例将燃烧热测定与农林废弃物燃烧发电对接,对实验内容进行了适当调整,让学生了解燃烧热测定对保障发电厂安全运行的重要意义,以及农林废弃物燃烧发电对服务“三农”、乡村振兴和“双碳”战略的重要意义,提高了学生学以致用的能力,激发了学生的学习兴趣,引导学生关心国家能源安全、环境保护、可持续发展和人民的生命健康,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

Environmental load of solid wood floor production from larch grown at different planting densities based on a life cycle assessment

As one of the main structural units in a building,a solid wood floor has significant strategic research value for low-carbon energy saving.Taking the production line of a solid larch wood floor as a case study,we assessed the environmental load during production based upon a life cycle assessment.Using GaBi 6.0 software,we analyzed the associated carbon sequestration during floor production,with the initial planting density serving as the disturbance factor in a modular analysis.The results indicated that the cutting and finishing steps have relatively intense,negative influences on the environment,whereas transportation,ripping,and trimming do not.Additionally,recycling biomass waste has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.When the initial planting density was 3.0×3.0 m,carbon sequestration was relatively high.Although the emissions of freshwater pollutants,volatile organic compounds,and fine particulate matter（matter with a 2.5-μm diameter） were comparatively high,the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was still excellent at this planting density.

Relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient in eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province, China

Twenty-three secondary forest communities with different structure were selected in Mao＇er Mountain National Park of Heilongjiang Province, China to study the relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient. The forest plant species diversity was analyzed by the diversity index, and the environmental factors was quantified by the method of Whittaker＇s quantification of environmental gradient. Meanwhile, β-diversity indexes of communities were calculated with similar measurements. The results showed that the Shannon-wiener diversity index of forest plant species increased with the increase of the environmental gradient, and the β-diversity indexes of communities showed a liner increase along with the change of environmental gradient.

哈尼梯田沟渠的植物多样性特征及其影响因素

哈尼梯田沟渠是一种具有湿地性质的人工溪流,是哈尼梯田可持续发展的关键所在。为探明哈尼梯田不同沟渠的植物多样性与环境因子的关系,以哈尼梯田典型灌区沟渠系统植物为研究对象,运用样方调查法、方差分析和冗余分析对不同类型沟渠的植被群落组成、物种多样性与环境因子的关联性进行分析。结果显示:(1)哈尼梯田沟渠植物共118种,隶属45科100属,以菊科和禾本科植物为主,占总种数的28.81%;植物生态型构成以湿生植物为主(52种),中生植物次之(42种);(2)不同沟渠植物Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Simpson指数大致表现为三级沟渠>断头渠>二级沟渠>一级沟渠;Pielou指数则表现为二级沟渠>三级沟渠>一级沟渠>断头渠;(3)冗余分析表明干扰程度对哈尼梯田沟渠植物多样性的影响最为显著,其次为海拔和土壤有机碳,而土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、pH和积水深度对沟渠植物多样性的影响相对较小。哈尼梯田沟渠生境受人为干扰程度的影响最为强烈,适度的人为干扰有助于维持与提高沟渠植物群落多样性水平。该研究结果可为哈尼梯田沟渠植物资源保护和梯田生态系统健康发展提供参考。

火炬树在北美和中国空间分布差异对比及防范入侵措施

火炬树原产于北美洲东部,引进中国后主要栽培于贫瘠土壤上,用于植树造林和保持水土。然而其入侵性和扩散能力较强,管控不当将会严重破坏侵入地生态系统的多样性。采用了GIS和MaxEnt模型相结合的方法,模拟了火炬树在北美和中国地区的适宜分布区域,分析了主要环境影响因素,并利用ROC曲线验证模型结果的准确度。研究结果表明:火炬树在北美和中国的适宜分布区域都主要集中在30°-40°N气候相对湿润地带;影响MaxEnt模型预测结果的关键环境因子都是气候因子;预测模型的AUC值都大于9。但两个地区的部分环境因子的阈值范围存在明显差异,说明在入侵中国后火炬树的气候空间和生态位发生了较大变化,对中国本地的生态系统构成一定威胁。可为防疫监测和林业部门的工作提供参考依据,有助于其制定早期预警和监管措施,从而有效防治中国地区火炬树的入侵和保护生物多样性。

高寒草地四种植物叶片化学计量学特征及其对坡度的响应

本研究以高寒草甸和高寒灌丛共有物种黑褐苔草(Carex atrofusca Schkuhr Riedgr.)、黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge.)、冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila Keng.)、乳白香青(Anaphalis lactea Maxim.)为研究对象,比较分析四种植物叶片碳(Carbon, C)、氮(Nitrogen, N)、磷(Phosphorus, P)含量差异及其随坡度变化的变化趋势。结果表明:高寒草甸植物叶片C,N含量、C/N比值种间差异显著,高寒灌丛植物叶片N,P含量,C/N,C/P,N/P比值种间差异显著;高寒灌丛乳白香青叶片C/N,C/P比值和黄花棘豆叶片C/P,N/P比值显著高于高寒草甸;随着坡度增大,两种草地类型所有植物叶片C含量和N/P比值均无显著变化趋势;高寒草甸黑褐苔草和黄花棘豆叶片N含量显著减少,C/N比值显著增大;高寒灌丛乳白香青叶片P含量显著减少,C/P比值显著增大。两种草地类型植物叶片化学计量特征对坡度的响应差异说明了植物适应环境策略的多样化。

种子功能性状在道路边坡植物群落形成过程中的作用

道路边坡是一种受人为活动持续干扰的人造生境。因受种子可用性和苛刻立地环境的双重限制,道路边坡植被恢复一直是困扰林业管理者的难题。尽管现有边坡恢复工程技术已相对成熟,但恢复的植物群落通常缺乏自然性和可持续性,其重要原因之一在于既有恢复技术通常忽略群落的形成规律及植物性状在群落构建过程中的潜在作用。植物功能性状分析已成为理解植物群落生态学过程和模式的基本工具,但种子功能性状的重要性在很大程度上仍被忽视,尤其是与种子扩散、沉淀、萌发等群落形成过程密切相关的性状。基于此,为更好理解种子功能性状在边坡植物群落形成过程中的作用,本研究立足于道路边坡生物和非生物环境特征及其生态限制,对既有相关研究进行总结,剖析自然条件下影响植物在道路边坡定植的关键因素,并从种子功能性状角度概述植物种子在扩散、沉淀和萌发等早期群落建立过程中适应边坡环境的生态对策,同时阐述种子功能性状在群落恢复预测以及恢复植物筛选等方面的潜力。总体而言,与种子扩散、沉淀和萌发能力相关的种子性状对植物在道路边坡上成功定植至关重要。演替早期,种源短缺和苛刻非生物环境是影响边坡植物群落建立的主要因素。适应边坡环境的植物,通常在种子扩散、沉淀和萌发等方面有特殊的生态策略,以适应道路边坡强地表径流冲刷、干旱、贫瘠的环境。对相关成果进行总结有利于更好从种子性状角度了解道路边坡早期植物群落的形成过程和规律及种子性状在该过程中的作用和潜力,为生态敏感区内道路边坡植被恢复研究与实践提供理论支撑。