The IDD Transcription Factors:Their Functions in Plant Development and Environmental Response

INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN proteins(IDDs)are a plant-specific transcription factor family characterized by a conserved ID domain with four zinc finger motifs.Previous studies have demonstrated that IDDs coordinate a diversity of physiological processes and functions in plant growth and development,including floral transition,plant architecture,seed and root development,and hormone signaling.In this review,we especially summarized the latest knowledge on the functions and working models of IDD members in Arabidopsis,rice,and maize,particularly focusing on their role in the regulatory network of biotic and abiotic environmental responses,such as gravity,temperature,water,and pathogens.Understanding these mechanisms underlying the function of IDD proteins in these processes is important for improving crop yields by manipulating their activity.Overall,the review offers valuable insights into the functions and mechanisms of IDD proteins in plants,providing a foundation for further research and potential applications in agriculture.

Distinct Morpho-Physiological Responses of Maize to Salinity Stress

Most plants demonstrate wide interactive and complex adaptive morphological, biochemical, and physiological responses when subjected to salinity stress. Salt stress negatively impacts agricultural yields more especially cultivated crops throughout the world. Of interest to this study is maize a salt- sensitive crop that is widely grown worldwide, and receiving most attention due to its significant attributes and ability to serve as a great model for stress response studies. We exposed QN701 maize cultivar, to simulated salinity stress and investigated its morphological and physiological responses. Salinity negatively induced various morphological responses such as the reduction in plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root (length and biomass), and leaf width;however, it significantly increased the leaf area. On the physiological aspect, salt stress decreased the number of stomata, stomatal density, and photosynthesis, while it increased the respiration rate. This study expanded our knowledge of the morphological and physiological responses of maize to salinity stress. Additionally, these findings may serve as a recommendation for salinity breeding programs in maize and related cereal crops.

Electricity-Carbon Interactive Optimal Dispatch of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Integrated Demand Response

As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.

Screening of Rice Cultivars for Morpho-Physiological Responses to Early-Season Soil Moisture Stress

The majority of rice(Oryza sativa L.) produced in the southern USA is drill-seeded and grown under upland-like conditions because permanent flooding is established after the four-leaf stage. Therefore, rice during the seedling growth stage will be subjected to variable soil moisture content. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 15 rice cultivars commonly grown in Mississippi of USA under early-season soil moisture stress. Twenty morpho-physiological parameters of rice seedlings subjected to three different levels(100%, 66% and 33% field capacity) of soil moisture, from 10 to 30 d after sowing, were measured. Significant moisture stress × treatment interaction(P < 0.001) was observed for most of the parameters. Further, the total drought response index(TDRI) was developed to score the cultivars for drought tolerance with the variation from 26.88 to 36.21. Accordingly, the cultivars were classified into different groups of tolerance. The cultivars CL152 and CL142-AR were classified as the least and the most tolerant to drought based on TDRI and standard deviation, respectively. Even though both total root(R^2 = 0.98) or shoot(R^2 = 0.76) drought responses indices were positively correlated with TDRI, root traits were important in deriving the indices. Therefore, TDRI could be used to select cultivars for drought tolerance in a given environment and develop rice varieties with early-season drought tolerance. However, further research is needed to identify and characterize tolerance at other stages to assist breeding programs in rice.

Olfactory Response of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Volatiles Emitted by Mungbean Plants

Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.

MicroRNAs: The Potential Biomarkers in Plant Stress Response

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA regulatory molecules of approximate 20-24 nucleotides that are involved in regulating the intrinsic growth and development of organs in plants and animals as well as in maintaining the integrity of genomes. Past few years have witnessed an increase in research reports on the crucial role of miRNAs in plant stress response. Plant miRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level not only by suppression of mRNA translation but also by direct cleavage of the target mRNAs. This review starts with a brief overview on small RNAs including miRNAs, biogenesis of miRNA and focuses mainly on the various up and down-regulated plant miRNAs under different biotic and abiotic stresses showing advancement of studies about miRNA and their stress regulation pathway. This review explores the emerging role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in plant stress responses.

An Analysis of the Correlation between the Changes in Sa-tellite DNA Methylation Patterns and Plant Cell Responses to the Stress

The differences in satellite DNA methylation pattern of corn seedlings with various spontaneous chromosome aberration yields and changes in methylation pattern of these DNA sequences under different exposure modes of acute UV-C and chronic gamma-irradiations have been investigated. The obtained experimental data and the conducted correlation analysis demonstrated the significant correlation between the satellite DNA methylation pattern varieties and chromosome aberration yields under various stress exposure modes. The role of satellite DNA methylation pattern variability and its changing in key responses to stress such as mobile elements’ activation, cell’s passage of checkpoints, and homological repair was discussed.

Gibberellin homeostasis and plant height control by EUI and a role for gibberellin in root gravity responses in rice

米饭 Eui (伸长最高节间) 基因编码撤销的细胞色素 P450 monooxygenase 简历活跃赤霉素(气体) 。在这研究，我们在植物开发调查了 Eui 基因和它的角色的控制表示。我们发现 Eui 是外长的气体导致的差别并且 Eui 倡导者在维管束举办了最高的活动。eui 异种在在根冠的淀粉小粒开发是有缺点的，在表达式上的 Eui 提高了淀粉小粒产生和严肃回答，揭示为在根淀粉小粒开发和严肃回答的 GA 的一个角色。使用胚胎更少一半种子的实验揭示了那 RAmy1A， GAmyb 是高度起来当外长的 GA 不在时在 eui 糊粉房间调整了。另外， GA 生合成基因 GA3ox1 和 GA20ox2 是调整的 down， GA2ox1 起来在 eui 调整了幼苗。这些结果显示 EUI 涉及 GA 动态平衡，不是在仅仅内部在出发阶段的节点，而且在苗期，根和种子。扰乱 GA 动态平衡影响了表明基因 GID1 (赤霉素感觉迟钝的矮子 1 ) 的 GA 的表示， GID2 和 SLR1。有效地增加的 Eui 基因的转基因的 RNA 干扰种高度和改进标题性能。由对比，在米饭 GA 生合成基因 GA3ox2 和 GA20ox2 的倡导者下面的 Eui 的宫外的表示显著地减少了植物高度。这些结果证明 Eui 表示的细微增加能戏剧性地改变米饭形态学，显示在米饭的 Eui 基因的实际申请为一个高产潜力的分子的繁殖。

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophom glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.

A Bibliometric Analysis Unveils Valuable Insights into the Past,Present,and Future Dynamics of Plant Acclimation to Temperature

Plant temperature acclimation is closely related to maintaining a positive carbon gain under future climate change.However,no systematic summary of the field has been conducted.Based on this,we analyzed data on plant temperature acclimation from the Web of Science Core Collection database using bibliometric software R,RStudio and VOSviewer.Our study demonstrated that a stabilized upward trajectory was noted in publications(298 papers)from 1986 to 2011,followed by a swift growth(373 papers)from 2012 to 2022.The most impactful journals were Plant Cell and Environment,boasting the greatest count of worldwide citations and articles,the highest H-index and G-index,followed by Global Change Biology and New Phytologist,and Frontiers in Plant Science which had the highest M-index.The USA and China were identified as the most influential countries,while Atkin was the most influential author,and the Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most influential research institution.The most cited articles were published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology in 1999.“Cold acclimation”was the most prominent keyword.Future plant temperature acclimation research is expected to focus on thermal acclimation and photosynthesis,which have important significance for future agricultural production,forestry carbon sequestration,and global food security.In general,this study provides a systematic insight of the advancement,trend,and future of plant temperature acclimation research,enhancing the comprehension of how plants will deal with forthcoming climate change.

A framework for nuclear power plant emergency response system

The purpose of this study is to establish an intelligent expert system for nuclear power plant emergency response.A new framework of environmental risk management methodology by the concept of pattern recognition was introduced in this paper.A knowledge-based decision support system for emergency response and risk management of nuclear power plant was also discussed.The mathematical pattern relationship of accidental release effects on neighboring area and the corresponding response measures were presented in this paper.With this decision system,the decision maker can specify the procedure and minimize their human error in the decision process.The improvement of risk response and the quality of management system could be upgraded by this system.Besides,the methodology can also be served as a basis for the future development of environmental risk response system design.

Herbivory and Plant Genotype Influence Fitness-Related Responses of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>to Indirect Plant-Plant Interactions

Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic identity between interacting perennial plants results in more effective defense when emitter and receiver neighbors have greater genetic similarity. However, the effects of both genetic relatedness and presence of herbivores on fitness-related responses of neighboring plants have not yet been explored. Our aim was to examine how manipulating these two important factors genetic and environmental factors can influence indirect plant-plant communication in the annual crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants of a single genotype (receivers) were exposed to volatile emissions of neighboring emitter plants with a similar or different genotype, and either intact or damaged by larvae of a specialist herbivore for ten days. Each of the four treatments was isolated in separate environmental chambers and the full experiment was replicated twice. Receiver plant growth and reproductive-related traits were measured ten days after exposure to treatments, and at senescence. Results showed that the effect of herbivory and plant genotype of emitter plants influenced responses related growth and reproduction in receiver plants. Receiver plants grew taller, had more inflorescence branching, and produced more fruits (60% more) when exposed to undamaged emitters of a different genotype than receivers exposed to the other emitter plant treatments. Therefore, genotype identity and environmental context (presence of herbivory) may be important factors influencing indirect plant-plant communication, which could, in turn, result in selection for genotypes showing increased fitness-related responses.

Effect of Visual Stimuli of Indoor Floor Plants upon the Human Responses

The biophilia hypothesis maintains that animals, which bring benefits for human survival, evolve adaptively to cause a positive emotional response or actions in the human evolution process. When connected in an advantageous environment for survival, effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue are brought about as further physiological functions, rather than a simple stress-free situation. The aim of this study is to clarify the significance of the visual stimulation of indoor floor plants placed in an office floor space. We examined how the green covering factor and gaze distance to indoor floor plants placed on the floor influenced thermal sensation. The thermal environment conditions were set at 3 levels, 25&#176;C, 28&#176;C, and 31&#176;C and the floor and air temperature were homogenous. We set up 8 office floor plans that had no visual stimulation and used indoor floor plants including pachira, monstera, butterfly palm, yucca elephantipes, weeping fig, umbellate, and snake plant for a visual stimulation. The gaze distance, measured from the center of the subject presented with a visual stimulation and the center of the plant, was set at 3 distances: 2.0, 4.5 and 8.0 m. When the conduction-corrected modified effective temperature (ETF) was below 26&#176;C, the visual stimulation of the indoor floor plants umbellata and monstera, which have a silhouette with low leaf density and rounded leaves, were shown to mitigate the sensation of being cool. The visual stimulation of indoor floor plants with rounded leaves, such as, pachira, monstera, weeping fig, and umbellata, were shown to decrease the feeling of discomfort. For a gaze distance below 4.5 m, a green covering accounting for less than 5% was shown to be necessary for mitigating the sensation of being cool and improving the feeling of discomfort.

Research on Light Response Curve Fitting Model of Four Chamaenerion Plants on the Serzilla Mountains

In order to study the applicability of different light response models to the photoresponse curves of four species of Chamaenerion, four species of Chamaenerion collected from Serzilla were used as test materials. Four common photosynthetic models were used to fit the photosynthetic response curve of the leaves. The results show that: 1) The effect of different photosynthetic response models on photosynthetic response curve of the genus chromasia was different. The fitted value of the correction model of right angled hyperbola was closest to the measured value, the R2 was 0.998, and RE was 0.216. 2) In terms of fitting the photosynthetic parameters, the initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point and dark respiration rate were suitable for fitting with non-right angle hyperbolic model. In terms of fitting the photosynthetic parameters, the initial quantum efficiency, light compensation point and dark respiration rate were suitable for fitting with non-right angle hyperbolic model. 3) The photosynthetic characteristics of C. angustifolium subsp. circumvagum reflect the negative response to high altitude radiation. Under strong radiation, the photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, and light saturation point are low. On the other hand, C. conspersum has a positive response to high altitude radiation. C. angustifolium and C. latifolium has a higher light compensation point and higher light saturation point, but it is also positive for high altitude radiation. The response is only a choice of light intensity at different elevations, which also explains the distribution of C. angustifolium and C. latifolium in the salmonella with a single elevation, habitat, and slope.

Response of Plant Climatic Productivity to the Warming and Drying Trend in Huanren in the Past 58 Years

[Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from 1953 to 2010,using trend analysis,Thornthwaite Memorial model and Mann-Kendall detection method,change characteristics of climate and plant climatic productivity in Huanren were analyzed,and the regression evaluation model between plant climatic productivity and temperature and precipitation was established.[Result]Annual average temperature in Huanren presented a significant upward trend,and its linear tendency rate was 0.29℃/10 a;annual precipitation presented a decreasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was-13.29 mm/10 a;dryness presented a declining trend.The warming and drying trend was obvious in Huanren.Plant climatic productivity presented a significant increasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was 8.39 g/（m2·10 a）.Plant climatic productivity was closely related to precipitation and temperature.[Conclusion]The research could provide basis and reference for the adjustment of agricultural structure and sufficiently playing the advantages of climate resources in Huanren.

Research on the attribution evaluating methods of dynamic effects of various parameter uncertainties on the in-structure floor response spectra of nuclear power plant

Consideration of the dynamic effects of the site and structural parameter uncertainty is required by the standards for nuclear power plants （NPPs） in most countries. The anti-seismic standards provide two basic methods to analyze parameter uncertainty. Directly manually dealing with the calculated floor response spectra （FRS） values of deterministic approaches is the first method. The second method is to perform probability statistical analysis of the FRS results on the basis of the Monte Carlo method. The two methods can only reflect the overall effects of the uncertain parameters, and the results cannot be screened for a certain parameter＇s influence and contribution. In this study, based on the dynamic analyses of the floor response spectra of NPPs, a comprehensive index of the assessed impact for various uncertain parameters is presented and recommended, including the correlation coefficient, the regression slope coefficient and Tornado swing. To compensate for the lack of guidance in the NPP seismic standards, the proposed method can effectively be used to evaluate the contributions of various parameters from the aspects ＆sensitivity, acuity and statistical swing correlations. Finally, examples are provided to verify the set of indicators from systematic and intuitive perspectives, such as the uncertainty of the impact of the structure parameters and the contribution to the FRS of NPPs. The index is sensitive to different types of parameters, which provides a new technique for evaluating the anti-seismic parameters required for NPPs.

Battery Energy Storage System and Demand Response Based Optimal Virtual Power Plant Operation

With certain controllability of various distribution energy resources (DERs) such as battery energy storage system (BESS), demand response (DR) and distributed generations (DGs), virtual power plant (VPP) can suitably regulate the powers access to the distribution network. In this paper, an optimal VPP operating problem is used to optimize the charging/discharging schedule of each BESS and the DR scheme with the objective to maximize the benefit by regulating the supplied powers over daily 24 hours. The proposed solution method is composed of an iterative dynamic programming optimal BESS schedule approach and a particle swarm optimization based (PSO-based) DR scheme approach. The two approaches are executed alternatively until the minimum elec-tricity cost of the whole day is obtained. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed with the obviously decreased supplied powers in the peak-load hours and the largely reduced electricity cost.

Response of 14C-Salicylic Acid to Heat Stress After Being Fed to Leaves of Grape Plants

An experiment was conducted to investigate the response of salicylic acid as a second messenger to the heat stress in grape plants. For this purpose, all leaves of grape (Vitis vinifera×V. labrussa L. cv. Jingxiu) plants were removed except the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th ones. The 5th leaf was fed with C-SA, and the 4th and 6th leaves were exposed to high 14 temperature at 40±0.5°C. It was observed that more C-SA transported out from the 5th leaf and the distribution of C-SA 14 14 in each organ of plant altered in response to heat stress. The accumulation of C-SA in both the 4th and 6th leaves being 14 exposed to high temperature was at least three times higher than that in control. The distribution of C-SA in other distal 14 leaves (the 3rd and 7th leaf) decreased, but more C-SA accumulated in stems adjacent to the 4th or 6th leaf exposed to 14 high temperature. In addition, there was more C-SA being transported upwards or downwards while the 4th and 6th 14 leaves were exposed to high temperature respectively. Therefore, our results suggested that SA was closely involved in signal transduction of heat stress in grape plants. However, the ratio of C radioactivity assayed after SA being extracted 14 to that of direct assay with apparatus was more than 70%, which indicated about 30% C was lost or catabolized during 14 transportation.

Modified non-rectangular hyperbola equation with plant height for photosynthetic light-response curves of Potentilla anserina and Elymus nutans at various growth phases in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The non-rectangular hyperbola(NRH)equation is the most popular method that plots the photosynthetic light-response(PLR)curve and helps to identify plant photosynthetic capability.However,the PLR curve can't be plotted well by the NRH equation at different plant growth phases due to the variations of plant development.Recently,plant physiological parameters have been considered into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,but plant height(H),an important parameter in plant growth phases,is not taken into account.In this study,H was incorporated into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,which could be used to estimate photosynthetic capability of herbage at different growth phases.To explore photosynthetic capability of herbage,we selected the dominant herbage species Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.in the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China as the research materials.Totally,twenty-four PLR curves and H at different growth phases were measured during the growing season in 2016.Results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate and the initial slope of PLR curve linearly increased with H.The modified NRH equation,which is established by introducing H and an H-based adjustment factor into the NRH equation,described better the PLR curves of P.anserina and E.nutans than the original ones.The results may provide an effective method to estimate the net primary productivity of grasslands in the study area.

Varied responses to copper for plant regeneration from calli of different rice varieties

Enrichment of copper to the culture mediumcould enhance the plant regeneration from cal-lus of indica rice variety Qiugui’ai 11. Westudied the effect of copper on plant regenera-tion of other rice varieties.Calli of 14 indica and 2 japonica varietieswere induced from disinfected mature embryoson an agar-gelled medium containing Nbasal