Summary of the Frontier Introduction of Preparation of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell Culture

Plant cell culture technology is a technology that applies the research results of cell engineering to produce plant biological products at the cellular level.In recent years,the secondary metabolites of plants have attracted more and more attention.The use of plant cell culture technology is a fast and efficient method of producing secondary metabolites.

Plant cell cultures as heterologous bio-factories for secondary metabolite production

Synthetic biology has been developing rapidly in the last decade and is attracting increasing attention from many plant biologists.The production of high-value plant-specific secondary metabolites is,however,limited mostly to microbes.This is potentially problematic because of incorrect post-translational modification of proteins and differences in protein micro-compartmentalization,substrate availability,chaperone availability,product toxicity,and cytochrome p450 reductase enzymes.Unlike other heterologous systems,plant cells may be a promising alternative for the production of high-value metabolites.Several commercial plant suspension cell cultures from different plant species have been used successfully to produce valuable metabolites in a safe,low cost,and environmentally friendly manner.However,few metabolites are currently being biosynthesized using plant platforms,with the exception of the natural pigment anthocyanin.Both Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum cell cultures can be developed by multiple gene transformations and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.Given that the introduction of heterologous biosynthetic pathways into Arabidopsis and N.tabacum is not widely used,the biosynthesis of foreign metabolites is currently limited;however,therein lies great potential.Here,we discuss the exemplary use of plant cell cultures and prospects for using A.thaliana and N.tabacum cell cultures to produce valuable plant-specific metabolites.

Dynamic Effects of Cerium on Syntheses of Soluble Protein and Taxol in Suspension Culture of Taxus Chinensis Var. Mairei Cells

The dynamic effects of Ce4+ on the syntheses of soluble protein and taxol in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei cells were studied. The phenomena of 'partition' and 'bifurcation' were observed in studying the dynamic effect of Ce4+ on soluble protein synthesis and cell activity. That is, Ce4+ of low concentration improves the soluble protein synthetic strength and cell activity, while Ce4+ of high concentration is harmful to protein synthesis and cell activity. In addition, Ce4+ of appropriate concentration enhances taxol synthesis.

Neural networks modeling signal responses and taxol production of cultured Taxus chinensis cells induced by bio-elicitor

Quantitatively describing the signal transduction process is important for understanding the mechanism of signal regulation in cells,and thus,poses both a challenge and an opportunity for chemical and biochemical engineers.An artificial neural network(ANN),in which we took the signal molecules as neural nodes,was constructed to simulate the generation of active oxygen species(AOS)in Taxus chinensis cells induced by a bio-elicitor.The relative contents of AOS in cells predicted by the ANN model agreed well with the experimental data and three notable stages of AOS increase were observed from the 3D figure of AOS generation.The robustness of AOS trajectories indicated that signal regula-tion in vivo was an integral feedback control model that ensured the adaptation of Taxus chinensis to environmental stress.The artificial neural network was able to predict taxol production as well as determine the optimal concentration of oligosaccharides needed for it.

Bioreactor technology for clonal propagation of plants and metabolite production

Plant cell culture in bioreactors is an enabling tool for large scale production of clonal elite plants in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, pharmaceutical sectors, and for biofuel production. Advantages of bioreactors for plant cell culture have resulted in various types of bioreactors differing in design, operating technologies, instrumentations, and construction of culture vessels. In this review, different types of bioreactors for clonal propagation of plants and secondary metabolites production are discussed. Mechanical and biochemical parameters associated with bioreactor design, such as aeration, flow rate, mixing, dissolved oxygen, composition of built-up gas in the headspace, and pH of the medium, are pivotal for cell morphology, growth, and development of cells within tissues, embryos, and organs. The differences in such parameters for different bioreactor designs are described here, and correlated to the plant materials that have been successfully cultured in different types of bioreactors.