The Control Efficiency of Plant Alcohol Extracts on the Laboratory Populations of Myzus persicae(Sulzer)and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)

The effects of semiochemicals extracted from 63 species of plants, on peach aphid (Myzus per-sicae) and mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), were studied in laboratory. The deterrent rate, reproduction deterrent index and the interferential index of population control (IIPC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of semiochemicals on population control of the two target aphids. The results showed that the extracts of 34 species of common plants have noticeable effect on both aphid populations, especially, Xanthium sibiricum Petr. Et Widd. and Syngonium podophyllum Schott. These plant extracts could be used to construct the plant pro-tectant to protect crops.

多种植物乙醇提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜试验种群的控制作用

测定了 6 3种植物茎叶或果实的乙醇提取物 (浓度 0 .0 1gDW·ml-1)对桃蚜Myzuspersicae(Sulzer)和萝卜蚜Lipaphiserysimi(Kaltenbach)的忌避作用。结果表明 ,大多数试验植物的乙醇提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜均有明显的忌避效果。其中 ,苍耳XanthiumsibiricumPetr.etWidd .提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分别为 0 .4 81和0 .5 5 7,产后代数比对照降低 39%和 6 3.5 % ,桃蚜、萝卜蚜的种群趋势指数仅为对照的 2 9.1%和 11.3% ;白蝴蝶Syngonium podophyllumSchott .植株提取物对桃蚜和萝卜蚜的忌避率分别为 0 .4 5 2和 0 .6 15 ,产后代数比对照降低2 4 .5 %和 6 4 .1% ,桃蚜和萝卜蚜的种群趋势指数仅为对照的 33.3%和 14 .9%。对蚜虫有较好的控制效果。

植物提取物和药剂对蔬菜蚜虫种群的联合控制作用

研究白蝴蝶(Syngoniumpodophyllum)乙醇提取物、苍耳(Xanthiumsibiricum)乙醇提取物、机油乳剂和0.3%印楝素乳油对桃蚜(Myzuspersicae)和萝卜蚜(Lipaphiserysimi)的控制效果.室内四因子(1/2实施)二次正交回归旋转组合设计测试对有翅蚜的忌避作用,结果表明,对有翅桃蚜的主要忌避作用物为苍耳乙醇提取物,当苍耳提取物与白蝴蝶乙醇提取物混用,以及机油乳剂和印楝素混用时,对桃蚜有翅蚜的忌避效果提高;而对萝卜蚜有翅蚜的忌避作用主要受苍耳提取物和白蝴蝶提取物的影响.这些干扰作用均是非线性的.田间试验结果,单独使用白蝴蝶提取物对有翅成蚜有较强的驱避作用;对萝卜蚜自然种群的干扰控制作用以4种植物提取物和药剂混配效果最好,达95.7%;对桃蚜自然种群干扰控制效果最好的则是白蝴蝶提取物,控制效果达87%;同时,白蝴蝶提取物与印楝素乳油混配以及苍耳提取物与印楝素乳油混配,对两种蚜虫的控制效果均达80%以上.