On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources,this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new...On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources,this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new plant variety rights as an example,to expound the current situation of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.It reveals the problems of intellectual property protection as follows:the awareness of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources is weak;the system of laws and regulations is not sound;the protection system is not perfect;the management system lacks standardization.It further puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as follows:promote the protection awareness of agricultural plant genetic resources in whole society;enact special law system to protect agricultural plant genetic resources;improve the management system of agricultural plant genetic resources;strengthen the international protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.展开更多
Plant disease management plays an important role in achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations(UN)such as food security,human health,socio-economic improvement,resource conservation and ecologic...Plant disease management plays an important role in achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations(UN)such as food security,human health,socio-economic improvement,resource conservation and ecological resilience.However,technologies available are often limited due to different interests between producers and society and lacks of proper understanding of economic thresholds and the complex interactions among ecology,productivity and profitability.A comprehensive synergy and conflict evaluation of economic,sociological and ecological effects with technologies,productions and evolutionary principles as main components should be used to guide sustainable disease management that aims to mitigate crop and economic losses in the short term while maintaining functional farm ecosystem in the long term.Consequently,there should be an increased emphasis on technology development,public education and information exchange among governments,researchers,producers and consumers to broaden the options for disease management in the future.展开更多
粮食与农业植物遗传资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,有效保护和可持续利用生物多样性已被世界各国广泛接受,但如何实现遗传资源(genetic resources)获取与惠益分享(access and benefit sharing,ABS)一直是国际社会关注的焦点。本文从...粮食与农业植物遗传资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,有效保护和可持续利用生物多样性已被世界各国广泛接受,但如何实现遗传资源(genetic resources)获取与惠益分享(access and benefit sharing,ABS)一直是国际社会关注的焦点。本文从《粮食与农业植物遗传资源国际条约》(International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources of Food and Agriculture,ITPGRFA)(以下简称《国际条约》)的履约需求出发,综述了我国粮食与农业植物遗传资源的保护现状以及履行《国际条约》存在的主要问题,分析了国内遗传资源获取与惠益分享的优势与差距,提出了未来粮食与农业植物遗传资源获取与惠益分享的几点设想,即推动加入《国际条约》并建立健全履行《国际条约》的法律法规;开展粮食与农业植物遗传资源保护单位认证制度和遗传资源登记制度;提升全民对遗传资源获取与惠益分享的认知能力,为在国际国内实施遗传资源获取与惠益分享相关规定营造有利环境。展开更多
文摘On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources,this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new plant variety rights as an example,to expound the current situation of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.It reveals the problems of intellectual property protection as follows:the awareness of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources is weak;the system of laws and regulations is not sound;the protection system is not perfect;the management system lacks standardization.It further puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions as follows:promote the protection awareness of agricultural plant genetic resources in whole society;enact special law system to protect agricultural plant genetic resources;improve the management system of agricultural plant genetic resources;strengthen the international protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72073028)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2018J01707).
文摘Plant disease management plays an important role in achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations(UN)such as food security,human health,socio-economic improvement,resource conservation and ecological resilience.However,technologies available are often limited due to different interests between producers and society and lacks of proper understanding of economic thresholds and the complex interactions among ecology,productivity and profitability.A comprehensive synergy and conflict evaluation of economic,sociological and ecological effects with technologies,productions and evolutionary principles as main components should be used to guide sustainable disease management that aims to mitigate crop and economic losses in the short term while maintaining functional farm ecosystem in the long term.Consequently,there should be an increased emphasis on technology development,public education and information exchange among governments,researchers,producers and consumers to broaden the options for disease management in the future.
文摘粮食与农业植物遗传资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,有效保护和可持续利用生物多样性已被世界各国广泛接受,但如何实现遗传资源(genetic resources)获取与惠益分享(access and benefit sharing,ABS)一直是国际社会关注的焦点。本文从《粮食与农业植物遗传资源国际条约》(International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources of Food and Agriculture,ITPGRFA)(以下简称《国际条约》)的履约需求出发,综述了我国粮食与农业植物遗传资源的保护现状以及履行《国际条约》存在的主要问题,分析了国内遗传资源获取与惠益分享的优势与差距,提出了未来粮食与农业植物遗传资源获取与惠益分享的几点设想,即推动加入《国际条约》并建立健全履行《国际条约》的法律法规;开展粮食与农业植物遗传资源保护单位认证制度和遗传资源登记制度;提升全民对遗传资源获取与惠益分享的认知能力,为在国际国内实施遗传资源获取与惠益分享相关规定营造有利环境。
