Research Progress of Mechanism of Action of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

The paper first introduces the definition and classification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR）, then reviews the research achievements on the mechanism of action of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, including growth pro-moting mechanism and bio-control mechanism, subsequently lists the use of excel-lent plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains in recent years, especial y Pseu-domonas and Bacil us strains, and final y discusses problems existing in this area and points out issues requiring further exploration, including PGPR screening meth-ods, preservation methods, mechanism of action, in order to commercialize PGPR as soon as possible and practical y realize its application to production.

Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria at Various Nitrogen Rates on Corn Growth

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize plant roots and promote plant growth by producing and secreting various chemical regulators in the rhizosphere. With the recent interest in sustainable agriculture, an increasing number of researchers are investigating ways to improve the efficiency of PGPR use to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs needed for crop production. Accordingly, greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of PGPR inoculants on biomass production and nitrogen (N) content of corn (Zea mays L.) under different N levels. Treatments included three PGPR inoculants (two mixtures of PGPR strains and one control without PGPR) and five N application levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended N rate of 135 kg N ha−1). Results showed that inoculation of PGPR significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and root morphology of corn compared to no PGPR application under the same N levels at the V6 growth stage, but few differences were observed at the V4 stage. PGPR with 50% of the full N rate produced corn biomass and N concentrations equivalent to or greater than that of the full N rate without inoculants at the VT stage. In conclusion, mixtures of PGPR can potentially reduce inorganic N fertilization without affecting corn plant growth parameters. Future research is needed under field conditions to determine if these PGPR inoculants can be integrated as a bio-fertilizer in crop production nutrient management strategies.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Having 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Deaminase to Induce Salt Tolerance in Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annus L.</i>)

Soil salinity badly affects agriculture productivity through accumulation of salts in upper layers of soils. The harmful effects of salts in arable lands have influenced modern as well as ancient civilizations. A pot study was carried out to test the performance of two PGPR isolates (KS 8, KS 28) on sunflower (SMH-0917) under different salinity levels (8, 10 and 12 dS·m-1). These salinity levels were developed by adding calculated amount of salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2 and MgSO4) with ratio of 3:4:2:1. The bacterial strains KS 8 and KS 28 were applied separately in two treatments while third treatment was co-inoculation (KS mix). Completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was used and data were collected at flowering stage about pre-decided plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight). The bacterial isolate KS 8 showed an increase of 26, 102% and 83% in plant height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight at EC 8 dS·m-1, while this improvement was 67%, 163% and 296% at EC 10 dS·m-1, however an increase of 100%, 74% and 382% was recorded over control respectively at EC 12 dS·m-1. Similarly isolate KS 28 exhibited an increase of 14%, 69% and 54% in plant height;shoot dry weight and root dry weight at EC 8 dS·m-1, whereas this improvement was 56%, 163% and 188% at EC 10 dS·m-1, while an increase of 60%, 41% and 282% was registered respectively over control at EC 12 dS·m-1. The increase due to mixture treatments was 4%, 41% and 16% in plant height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight at EC 8 dS·m-1, while an increase of 33%, 57% and 100% at EC 10 dS·m-1, whereas an improvement of 53%, 33% and 164% respectively was noted at EC 12 dS·m-1 over un-inoculated. The isolate KS 8 performed better than KS 28 and mixture treatment. These two PGPR strains could be used to mitigate the adverse impact caused by salinity stress on sunflower.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Control Agent in Rice

The use of agrochemical products to combat diseases in crops has adverse effects on the environment and human health. Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) has been increasingly proposed as an eco-friendly alternative in agriculture. PGPRs have beneficial effects not only in promoting plant growth but also have shown their potential as biological control agent, being able to inhibit plant pathogens. Here, we investigated the use of PGPR Paraburkholderia sp. strain SOS3 to provide disease protection in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The antagonistic activity of SOS3 against five fungal pathogens of rice was assessed by dual culture on plates and on rice seedlings. The results showed that on plate assay, SOS3 inhibits the growth of Curvularia lunata, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Fusarium moniliforme by 17.2%, 1.1%, 8.3%, 32.5%, and 35.4%, respectively. When inoculated on rice seeds, SOS3 promotes seed germination and significantly reduces disease symptoms in plants infected with R. solani. These results suggest that SOS3 has a great potential to be used in rice agriculture to combat the “Sheath Blight” disease.

PGPR调控植物响应逆境胁迫的作用机制

盐碱、干旱等非生物胁迫是限制植物生长和产量的重要环境因子。植物根际促生菌(PGPR)是一类定殖于植物根系的有益微生物,利用其生物学功能制成的生物菌剂具有低成本、高效和环保等优点,不仅可促进植物生长与作物产量,还能提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。本研究对PGPR定义和种类、生物学功能及其在植物响应盐碱、干旱、高低温及重金属等非生物胁迫中的作用加以综述,并对其未来研究方向进行展望,以期为今后PGPR介导植物抗逆性的研究与生物菌剂的开发和应用提供理论支撑。

AMF和PGPR联合芦苇修复重金属污染河道底泥的效应

研究旨在探究河道底泥重金属污染下丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)与植物根际促生菌(Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria,PGPR)对芦苇生长、磷吸收以及重金属去除的效应。以沈阳市浑河河道底泥为研究对象,对芦苇接种AMF双网无梗囊霉(Acaulospora bireticulata,AM1)、摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,AM2)、PGPR黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens,PG)、双网无梗囊霉+黏质沙雷氏菌(APG1)、摩西斗管囊霉+黏质沙雷氏菌(APG2)和不接种对照(CK)共6个处理。结果显示,AMF能够促进PGPR在芦苇根区土壤以及根内的定殖数量,而PGPR能够促进AMF侵染发育,增加其侵染率、泡囊数以及孢子数。AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著增加了芦苇生物量以及地上部和根系磷质量比,促进了植物对底泥中重金属(Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu)的吸收,降低了土壤中重金属含量。在各处理下,APG2处理对底泥中重金属的去除率最高,达33.24%~55.51%,土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性也显著高于AM1、AM2、PG和CK处理。此外,底泥重金属在芦苇内的分布均为根系大于地上部,可见芦苇根系对重金属的吸收和富集能力较强,且以APG2处理下对Cd、Zn、Pb的吸收效果最好,分别是CK处理的2.4倍、2.0倍以及1.7倍。因此,AMF和PGPR双接种可提高芦苇P吸收量以及土壤酶活性,促进芦苇生长,而AMF和PGPR能够相互促进,增加对底泥重金属的去除效率,其中APG2是最佳组合。

砷胁迫下接种PGPR对水生植物砷累积及生理特性的影响

为探究水生植物芦苇、灯芯草与根围促生细菌(PGPR)组合对重金属污染水体中砷(As)的富集作用以及生理响应,模拟水体As质量浓度(0、5、15、30 mg/L)并添加PGPR菌株荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pf)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis,Bv)以及不添加菌株(对照,CK)共设计24个处理。结果表明,低质量浓度As对芦苇、灯芯草生长具有促进作用,而高浓度下产生抑制。添加PGPR能够增加芦苇和灯芯草株高和生物量,提高叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数,改善芦苇和灯芯草的根系构型并提高根系活力,增加植物地上部和根系的氮吸收量,增强根系对As的富集能力。5 mg/L As质量浓度下,与CK相比,添加Pf处理芦苇株高、生物量、根系氮吸收量和地上部氮吸收量分别增加54.6%、38.5%、11.5%、48.4%,叶绿素总含量增加23.4%,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)分别提高6.7%、20.6%,根系总长度、根系总投影面积、根系总体积和根分叉数分别增加4.8%、19.3%、27.4%、14.8%;添加Bv处理芦苇株高、生物量、根系氮吸收量、叶绿素总含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及根系构型参数也有不同程度的提高。5 mg/L As质量浓度下,与CK相比,添加Pf和Bv处理灯芯草株高、生物量、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及根系构型等也有所提高。在30 mg/L As质量浓度下,Pf处理芦苇地上部和根部As含量达到最大值,分别为126.1、432.1 mg/kg。综上,芦苇+Pf对As的吸收和富集效果最好,可应用于重金属As污染水体的生态修复。

Potential of Biostimulants Based on PGPR Rhizobacteria Native to Benin’s Soils on the Growth and Yield of Maize (<i>Zea mays </i>L.) under Greenhouse Conditions

The application of biostimulants in agriculture represents an environmentally friendly alternative while increasing agricultural production. The aims of the study were to develop solid biostimulants based on five rhizobacteria native to Benin’s soils and to evaluate their efficacy on the growth and biomass yield of maize under greenhouse conditions on ferrallitic and ferruginous soils. Clay and peat were used as a conservation binder for the preparation of the biostimulants. These binders were used alone or combined in the different formulations with maize flour and sucrose. 10 g of biostimulants were applied at sowing in pots containing five kilograms of sterilised soil. The experimental design was a completely randomised block of 24 treatments with three replicates. The results obtained showed significant improvements (P < 0.001) in height (49.49%), stem diameter (32.7%), leaf area (66.10%), above-ground biomass (97.12%) and below-ground biomass (53.98%) on ferrallitic soil with the application of the clay + Pseudomonas putida biostimulant compared to the control. On the other hand, the use of the peat biostimulant + Pseudomonas syringae was more beneficial for plant growth on ferruginous soil. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass of the plants under the influence of this biostimulant were improved by 83.06%, 44.57%, 102.94%, 86.84% and 42.68%, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, these results confirm that Rhizobacteria express their potential through biostimulants formulated on maize. The formulated biostimulants can later be used by producers to improve crop productivity for sustainable agriculture.

持续干旱下接种PGPR对核桃苗抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)对持续干旱胁迫下核桃叶片抗氧化系统的影响,采用盆栽试验,以1年生核桃苗为试验材料,研究持续干旱胁迫下接种PGPR对核桃苗株高和茎粗、叶片ROS积累和膜脂过氧化产物以及抗氧化酶活性、非酶类抗氧化物质含量的影响。结果表明,与正常浇水相比,持续干旱胁迫使核桃苗的株高和茎粗显著降低19.47%和15.49%,叶片超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-·))、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,同时,叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)与单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)活性以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均明显升高。在持续干旱逆境下接种PGPR则能显著促进株高和茎粗生长,有效减少叶片内ROS积累和MDA含量,显著提高叶片SOD、CAT、APX和MDHAR活性以及还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)、GSH含量,并不同程度提高叶片AsA/DHA(双脱氢抗坏血酸)和GSH/GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)比值。以上分析认为,持续干旱逆境下核桃苗接种PGPR,可通过提高叶片抗氧化酶活性和非酶类抗氧化物质含量来有效清除活性氧,从而增强核桃苗的耐旱能力,促进其生长。

PGPR联合不同添加量椰壳生物炭对镉污染土壤的修复效果

【目的】探究CSBC-PGPR-黑麦草联合修复体系对Cd污染黄壤土的修复效果。【方法】选取椰壳生物炭(coconut Shell Biochar,CSBC)耦合植物促生菌—伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.)YXL1制备4种不同的生物炭材料,通过盆栽试验考察CSBC-PGPR-黑麦草联合修复体系修复前后黑麦草生物量、黑麦草中Cd富集量、土壤中Cd赋存形态及其理化性质、土壤酶活性等。【结果】相较于CK对照组,CSBCB(CSBC+YXL1)施用后黑麦草生物量最大增幅74.20%、有效态Cd最大增幅15.25%、黑麦草富集Cd最大增幅为434.90%;土壤理化性质有效提升,pH、全氮、有效磷最大提高了0.50个单位、0.48 g/kg和7.61 mg/kg;土壤脱氢酶、土壤脲酶、土壤酸性磷酸酶以及蔗糖酶活性较空白处理活性显著提高,最高分别提高了62.55%、70.05%、27.49%和73.57%。【结论】运用CSBC-PGPR-黑麦草联合修复体系强化黑麦草对Cd富集能力,有着良好的应用前景。

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6, a plant growth rhizobacterium efficiently degrading a wide range of organophosphorus pesticides

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6,a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,is capable of efficiently degrading a wide range of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs).Here,we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium with a genome size of 4009619 bp,4210 protein-coding genes and an average GC content of 45.9%.Based on the genome sequence,several genes previously described as being involved in solubilizing-phosphorus,OPs-degradation,indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and siderophores synthesis.Interestingly,compared with the genomes of B.amyloliquefaciens species,strain YP6 had larger genome size and the most protein-coding genes.Moreover,the four categories of“cell envelope biogenesis,outer membrane(M),”“translation,ribosomal structure and biogenesis(J),”“transcription(K),”and“signal transduction mechanisms(T)”were fewer.These differences may be related to extensive environmental adaptability of the genus B.amyloliquefaciens.These results expand the application potential of strain YP6 for environmental bioremediation,provide gene resources involved in OPs degradation for biotechnology and gene engineering,and contribute to provide insights into the relationship between microorganism and living environment.

Increased ammonification,nitrogenase,soil respiration and microbial biomass N in the rhizosphere of rice plants inoculated with rhizobacteria

Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens are well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.However,the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N cycles in the paddy field and rice plant growth are little known.This study investigated whether and how A.brasilense and P.fluorescens contribute to the N transformations and N supply capacities in the rhizosphere,and clarified the effects of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens on the N application rate in rice cultivation.Inoculations with A.brasilense and P.fluorescens coupled with N application rate trials were conducted in the paddy field in 2016 and 2017.The inoculations of rice seedlings included four treatments:sterile saline solution(M_(0)),A.brasilense(M_(b)),P.fluorescens(M_(p)),and co-inoculation with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens(M_(bp)).The N application rate included four levels:0 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(0)),90 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(90)),180 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(180)),and 270 kg N ha^(–1)(N_(270)).The results indicated that the M_(bp) and M_(p) treatments significantly enhanced the ammonification activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatment,especially for higher N applications,while the Mbp and M_(b) treatments greatly enhanced the nitrogenase activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_(0) treatments,especially for lower N applications.Azospirillum brasilense and P.fluorescens did not participate in the nitrification processes or the denitrification processes in the soil.The soil respiration rate and microbial biomass N were greatly affected by the interactions between the rhizobacteria inoculations and the N fertilizer applications.In the M_(bp) treatment,N supply capacities and rice grain yields showed no significant differences among the N_(90),N_(180),and N_(270) applications.The N application rate in the study region can be reduced to 90 kg N ha^(–1) for rice seedlings co-inoculated with a mixture of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens.

PGPR菌剂对攀西高原植烟土壤nifH基因群落的影响

为研究植物根际促生菌(PGPR)菌剂处理下攀西高原植烟土壤氮素循环的微生物调控机制,本研究以凉山州会理市不同PGPR菌剂(Lysinibacillus sp.、Streptomyces Phaeochromogenes和Aspergillus niger)处理下的植烟田为研究对象,采集烤烟成熟期根际土壤,通过化学分析和高通量测序技术对土壤理化性质、固氮酶活性及nifH基因群落组成及多样性进行分析。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施用PGPR菌剂会显著降低植烟土壤的pH值,同时显著提高有效磷含量和固氮酶活性(P<0.05)。总体而言,施用PGPR菌剂提高了植烟土壤nifH基因群落的多样性。植烟土壤优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)。慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、地杆菌属(Geobacter)和固氮螺菌属(Azospirillum)等是植烟土壤优势属。冗余分析结果表明,植烟土壤pH值、碱解氮和速效钾含量与nifH基因群落结构相关性最强。综上,PGPR菌剂能改善植烟土壤养分状况,提高土壤固氮酶活性,影响植烟根际土壤nifH基因群落组成及多样性,其中以细菌PGPR菌剂Lysinibacillus sp.效果最佳。本研究结果为植烟土壤科学施肥、培肥地力提供了理论依据。

垂穗披碱草根际促生菌的分离鉴定及促生作用研究

优良的根际生长促生菌(Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)是生产优质微生物菌肥的重要物质基础。本研究以广布于青藏高原的垂穗披碱草(Campeiostachys nutans Griseb.)为材料,采用平板划线法分离其PGPR,探究菌株的促生特性,通过16S测序确定菌株的分类地位,并进行盆栽试验验证PGPR的促生效果。结果表明,从垂穗披碱草根际土筛选出14株促生特性优良的PGPR,其中,有11株兼具产IAA,ACC脱氨酶以及铁载体的能力。经16S rDNA鉴定,以假单胞菌属为优势菌属,6株属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),2株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),2株属于葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),其他四株分别属于类节杆菌属(Paenarthrobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和考克氏菌属(Kocuria)。盆栽试验表明,接种14株菌株对多年生黑麦草具有良好的促生效果,并能够提高其光合效率。研究结果丰富了植物根际促生菌菌种资源库,为实现农业“绿色增产”提供优质菌肥种质资源。

植物根际促生菌F13的筛选、鉴定及对豆角促生、抗病的效果

为获得具有药肥双效的多功能植物根际促生菌,从葡萄根际土壤中分离出同时具有溶磷解钾功能的菌株F13。该菌通过形态学观察、生理生化检测和16S rDNA比对,鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。经平板对峙法测定菌株F13对8种植物病原菌的抑制率为63.26%~81.53%。田间应用中发现,菌株F13发酵液灌根处理对豆角(Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis(L.)Verdc.)生长具有显著的促进作用,其中实验组在株高、叶片数、茎粗方面分别高于对照组26.7%、24.4%、11.9%,产量高于对照组39.68%;在植株吸收磷、钾元素方面分别高于对照组11.5%、46.8%;在豆角果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量方面分别高于对照组22.15%、55.55%。此外,菌株F13对豆角白粉病的相对防效达71.92%。因此,菌株F13是一株具有巨大应用潜力的药肥双效植物根际促生菌。

番茄疫霉根腐病菌拮抗细菌HP8-1的鉴定及生物防治潜力

【目的】探究HP8-1在番茄上的生物防治潜力,为番茄疫霉根腐病的生物防治提供优良生物防治资源。【方法】通过形态学观察、生理生化特性检测并结合16S rRNA序列分析鉴定HP8-1菌株,探讨其对植物病原菌的抑菌效果和生物学功能及在番茄根际的定殖能力,并通过盆栽试验测定其对番茄疫霉根腐病的防治效果和对番茄生长的影响。【结果】HP8-1为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa),对多种植物病原菌具有抑菌效果,具有解磷、分解蛋白、分解纤维素、产嗜铁素和产吲哚乙酸等生物学功能;HP8-1在番茄根系和根际土壤具有稳定的定殖能力,尤其是在接种疫霉菌的条件下其定殖量趋于增加并显著高于未接种疫霉菌的条件;HP8-1处理对番茄疫霉根腐病具有明显的防治效果,防治效果达到57.41%;同时,HP8-1处理显著促进番茄植株生长、提高叶绿素含量和根系活力。【结论】HP8-1菌株稳定定殖在番茄根系和根际土壤,防治番茄疫霉根腐病,促进番茄生长,是对番茄疫霉根腐病具有生物防治潜力的资源。

生防放线菌Sc-7的分离、鉴定、抑菌活性及其对水稻的促生作用

为了筛选出能够显著抑制水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (以下简称Xoo)和水稻细菌性条斑病菌X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (以下简称Xoc)的放线菌,本研究从不同植物根际采集土壤,采用稀释涂布法和平板划线法共分离得到60株放线菌,通过共培养法和牛津杯法筛选得到对Xoo和Xoc具有显著抑制作用的1株放线菌Sc-7。依据形态和显微结构观察、生理生化试验和多基因聚类分析,构建系统发育进化树,鉴定菌株Sc-7为淡紫灰链霉菌Streptomyces lavendulae。盆栽防效试验结果表明:先喷洒菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液(2倍),再接种病原菌对水稻白叶枯病和水稻细菌性条斑病的防治效果分别为74.57%和65.33%,并且病斑长度明显变短。Xoo和Xoc病菌经过菌株Sc-7发酵滤液处理后,细胞大面积溶胀、皱缩和穿孔,细胞膜通透性增加,胞外多糖分泌量减少。浸种促生试验结果表明:不同浓度的菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液皆能促进水稻种子的芽和根生长。与无菌水对照相比,菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液10倍和50倍处理,使芽长分别增加32.79%和37.70%,使根长分别增加75.00%和97.00%。试管促生试验结果表明:菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液10倍和50倍处理,使水稻幼苗株高增长幅度分别为16.68%和10.53%。盐胁迫缓解试验结果表明:菌株Sc-7发酵稀释液10倍处理,在一定程度上能够缓解水稻盐胁迫后的症状。上述结果表明,菌株Sc-7具有显著的促生和防病潜能,有望开发成为一种生物农药和生物肥料。

根际促生细菌(PGPR)对冬枣根际土壤微生物数量及细菌多样性影响

从6年生冬枣根际土壤中筛选出1株根际促生细菌(PGPR),以发酵鸡粪(DC)为吸附载体制成PGPR生物肥(PF),利用传统的氯仿熏蒸法和现代的T-RFLP技术,从冬枣根际土壤中可培养微生物的数量、细菌群落多样性和微生物量碳的动态变化3个方面,分析PF、普通生物肥料(NF)和DC对冬枣根际土壤微生物特征的影响。结果表明:同NF处理相比,PF处理中的细菌数量和微生物总量显著增加,真菌数量显著减少,但放线菌数量差异不显著。PF处理根际土壤具有较高的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数。基于T-RFLP的主成分分析结果表明:PF处理的细菌群落结构成为1个独立的群,NF,DC和CK处理构成1个相对独立的群。此外,同其他试验处理相比,PF可相对稳定地提供冬枣生长周期内的微生物生物量碳。PGPR生物肥料的施用可提高可培养微生物数量,提高根际土壤中微生物多样性,有效改善冬枣根际土壤的微生态环境。

植物根际优良促生菌(PGPR)筛选及其接种剂部分替代化肥对玉米生长影响研究

通过测定植物根际促生菌株固氮酶活性、溶磷量、分泌植物生长素、对病原菌的拮抗作用及菌株生长速度,筛选出了5株具有较好促生特性的优良菌株。利用筛选的优良菌株研制复合接种剂,并于2009年和2010年进行田试,测定其部分替代化肥对玉米生长的影响。结果表明:利用筛选的优良促生菌研制的复合微生物接种剂符合《微生物肥料》NY227-94标准。施用接种剂替代20%～30%的化肥,玉米株高、地上植物量、穗长、穗粗、单位面积穗数、穗粒数和经济产量等均有提高。研制的微生物接种剂(菌肥+80%化肥),2010年大田推广使用,玉米增产9.86%,减少化肥投入、增产收入及直接经济效益分别为620.1元.hm-2、2 291.4元.hm-2和2 851.5元.hm-2。

植物根际促生菌(PGPR)对缓解水稻受土壤锌胁迫的作用

为解决农田重金属污染的严重环境问题,提出利用植物根际促生菌(Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)来缓解农作物受重金属胁迫的科学设想。研究从大宝山污染土壤中筛选出的Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+耐性菌株,经鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.DBM),菌株DBM具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)和ACC脱氨酶能力,但无产铁载体能力。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株DBM在水稻受重金属Zn(600mg.kg-1)胁迫时能有效保护并促进水稻的生长,使其地上部和地下部干重比不加菌处理对照分别提高97.8%和77.2%。另外,菌株DBM可以增加土壤中Zn的有效态含量,但不能增强水稻对土壤Zn的吸收能力。相反,在Zn600处理下,水稻地上部和地下部Zn浓度分别比不加菌处理对照减少15.1%和19.9%。但由于促生效果也极为显著,其地上部和地下部Zn总量仍分别比不加菌处理对照增加74.2%和48.6%。