A fine-scale assessment of the ecosystem service-disservice dichotomy in the context of urban ecosystems affected by alien plant invasions

Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) are an important response. Given the limited resources available for assessing urban ES in many cities, practical approaches for integrating ES in decision-making process are needed.Methods: We apply remote sensing techniques(integrating LiDAR data with high-resolution multispectral imagery)and combined these with supplementary spatial data to develop a replicable approach for assessing the role of urban vegetation(including invasive alien plants) in providing ES and ecosystem disservices(EDS). We identify areas denoting potential management trade-offs based on the spatial distribution of ES and EDS using a local-scale case study in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Situated within a global biodiversity hotspot, Cape Town must contend with widespread invasions of alien plants(especially trees and shrubs) along with complex socio-political challenges. This represents a useful system to examine the challenges in managing ES and EDS in the context of urban plant invasions.Results: Areas of high ES provision(for example carbon sequestration, shade and visual amenity) are characterized by the presence of large trees. However, many of these areas also result in numerous EDS due to invasions of alien trees and shrubs – particularly along rivers, in wetlands and along the urban edge where tall alien trees have established and spread into the natural vegetation(for example increased water consumption, increased fire risk and reduced soil quality). This suggests significant trade-offs regarding the management of species and the ES and EDS they provide.Conclusions: The approach applied here can be used to provide recommendations and to guide city planners and managers to fine-tune management interventions at local scales to maximise the provision of ES.

Air Compressor Control System for Energy Saving in Locomotive Service Plant

The actuality and disadvantages of traditional high power asynchronism motor drive air compressor in locomotive ser-vice plant are discussed. In order to reduce the energy consumption and obtain safe running, a variable frequency con-trol method to the motor is supplied. A PLC with touch screen is used for monitoring the status of the compressor and its control system. It also presents energy consumption analysis caused by the variable frequency control method in a locomotive service plant.

Thoughts on Science and Technology Service in Agricultural Research Institutes:Taking Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as an Example

Scientific and technological services are necessary for strengthening agriculture.Under the new situation,agricultural research institutes should give full play to their advantages,strive to innovate scientific and technological services methods,and improve scientific and technological service levels.Combined with the practice of science and technology work of Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,this paper made an in-depth analysis on the present situations and existing problems in the scientific and technological services of agricultural research institutes.Based on the analysis,it came up with recommendations including change ideological concepts,strengthening service awareness,adhering to people-oriented principle,enhancing the team building,improving mechanism construction,stimulating innovative vitality,exploring service methods,and enriching service connotation,so as to improve scientific and technological service works.

Significance of Implementing ISO9001 and ISO14001 Standards in Tourism Service Enterprises——the Practice at xin Long Tropical Plants Garden

As a China national comprehensive tropical plants garden, the Xin LongTropical Plants Garden undertakes multiple tasks of scientific research, species protection, popularscience education and tourism reception. Same as a global tropical plants garden, it also faces thestrategic tasks of reasonable utilization of biological resources and environmental protection,international exchange and international cooperation and upgrading the level of management. How toupgrade the level of services; how to provide the society with high quality tourism services; how toachieve both re-sources exploitation and environmental protection; how to match with theinternational practice; how to eliminate technical barrier of trade and ensure fair competition etc;all these are the problems of common concern of both domestic and foreign enterprises of tourismservice. The Xin Long Tropical Plants Garden has taken a trial implementation of ISO9001:2000 and18014001:1996 dual standard system since 2001 and passed the certification of CQM (ChinaCertification Center for Quality Mark) in 2002 and gained the certificate of IQNet, so set anexample in implementing standardized management for both domestic and foreign enterprises of tourismservice.

基于Web Service的水电站优化调度决策支持系统

采用ASP.NET为主要开发工具,开发了基于WebService的水电站中长期优化调度决策支持系统。该系统集调度、查询、分析、管理等功能为一体,实现了中长期优化调度的各种要求。系统界面友好,操作方便,自动化程度高。该系统可以通过Internet远程访问和管理,具有很强的灵活性和可移植性。

基于分布式OPC、组件连接件和Web Service的电站远程监控系统设计

提出了一种基于分布式OPC、组件连接件和Web Service技术的电站远程监控系统的体系结构。在该结构中,测控终端可分布在广大的区域内,在每个终端点上,不同种类的现场数据采集或执行模块与工业控制计算机使用模拟或现场总线方式连接,工业控制机作为终端点的智能端。各个智能端主要由数据服务模块、组件连接件和Web Service模块构成。在数据服务模块和Web Service模块的数据交换上,使用基于COM的组件连接件,Web Service模块中的请求处理器和实时数据库等基于COM技术通过连接件组件与后台的各个数据服务模块连接实现数据交换。终端点通过智能端以Ethernet方式与互联网连接。系统运行情况表明,所提出的监控系统具有良好的开放性和可扩展性。

基于Web Service的水电站中长期优化调度决策支持系统

采用ASP.NET为主要开发工具,开发了基于Web Service的水电站中长期优化调度决策支持系统,该系统集调度、查询、分析、管理等功能为一体,实现了中长期优化调度的各种要求,系统界面友好,操作方便,自动化程度高。该系统可以通过Internet远程访问和管理,具有很强的灵活性和可移植性。

Effects of firewood harvesting intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in shrublands of northern Patagonia

Background: Forest management has historically focused on provisioning of goods (e.g. timber, biomass), butthere is an increasing interest to manage forests also to maintain biodiversity and to provide other ecosystemservices (ES).Methods: We evaluated the effects of firewood harvesting intensity on biodiversity and different ES in threecontrasting shrubland sites in northern Patagonia (Argentina). At each site, four harvesting treatments, representingvarious levels of harvest intensity, were randomly assigned to eight permanent sample plots of 31.5m× 45 mduring 2013–2014.Results: We found that the effects of increasing harvesting intensity on plant diversity changed from negative topositive (and from nonlinear to more linear responses) with increasing site productivity. Harvesting intensityshowed contrasting effects on variables related to fire protection ecosystem service, since it reduced fuel amount(potentially reducing fire spread) but also reduced live fuel moisture content (potentially increasing flammability) atthe three sites. Two variables related to soil formation and protection ES, leaf litter cover and aerial soil cover,decreased with harvesting intensity at the three sites.Conclusions: We conclude that shrubland management for firewood production may enhance biodiversity withoutcompromising certain important ES. The intensity of harvesting should be determined according to site conditionsand forecasted impacts on biodiversity, fire and soil formation and protection.

Agricultural opportunity costs assessment based on planting suitability:a case study in a mountain county in southwest China

Payment for ecosystem services(PES) has become an increasingly popular means of ecosystem conservation. Opportunity cost is an important factor to increase the investment efficiency of PES projects.However, the distribution of opportunity cost is usually unclear in mountainous regions due to the obvious environment changes. In this study, we developed a framework to assess the distribution of agricultural opportunity costs in mountainous regions and applied this method to Baoxing County, a typical mountainous county in Sichuan Province of southwest China. Planting suitability of 17 crops was assessed based on agricultural statistics and natural conditions data within a GIS environment.Agricultural opportunity cost was quantified with a weighted summation of farmers' willingness to cultivate and each crop's opportunity cost. Finally,specific agricultural opportunity cost was obtained according to the spatial areas of the protection programs and land use status. The results showed that agricultural opportunity costs of PES in Baoxing County were estimated to be more than $30 million,with a mean of 400.85 $/ha. Agricultural opportunity costs in mountainous regions displayed some obvious spatial variation and areas with lower agricultural opportunity costs could be selected as priority areas for PES. Our findings revealed that the planting suitability evaluation can make agricultural opportunity costs mapping more reasonable. It will be helpful for the PES programs implementation in mountainous regions.

Research on the Construction of Remote Plant and Animal Hospital in Omnimedia Era

According to characteristics of information communication and sevices in omnimedia era, this paper studied the plan of constructing remote plant end animal hospital, which provided remote diagnosis service by expert team of doctors based on the co-building and sharing medical case resource bases through the reasonable management model on cloud services platform, and discussed the model for service and commerce of remote plant and animal hospital.

基于植物功能群的生态系统服务形成与维持机制研究

生态系统可以从“结构-功能-服务”3个层次来理解,其中服务是人类的主观感受或效用。维持高质量的生态系统服务还需从生态系统的自然属性入手。结构和功能是生态系统服务形成和维持的内在机制,而植物是生态系统结构和功能的核心驱动力。植物功能群具有特定功能的植物组合,其中优势植物功能群控制着生态系统的结构和功能。生态系统服务的概念、分类与植物功能群密切相关,植物功能群是生态系统与生态系统服务间更直接的桥梁。建立生态系统服务与植物功能群间的联系,使相关研究有更明确的指向,在深化理论研究的同时使研究成果更容易落地。生态系统服务的形成、维持机制与植物功能群的内在联系主要体现在4个主要方面:(1)植物功能群的内在适应性特征和外在效应是生态系统服务形成的基础;(2)植物功能群的多功能特性为生态系统服务协同提供了可能;(3)植物功能群间替代和互补效应可以提升生态系统服务质量和稳定性;(4)植物功能群能够提供基于自然的生态系统服务修复问题解决方案。

农村文化的迭代创新:农村居民参与“种文化”影响因素与启示

文章探究农村居民参与“种文化”的影响因素,以促进农村内生文化的发展及农村文化的迭代创新,进一步提升农村居民文化获得感,推动农村文化建设,助力乡村振兴。结合实地调研,采用半结构化访谈法收集湖南省株洲市攸县农村28位受访者的资料,运用扎根理论对农村居民参与“种文化”的影响因素进行分析与归纳,并构建其扎根理论框架模型。研究发现:农村居民参与“种文化”的影响因素包括种文化归因范畴、参与者归因范畴、组织者归因范畴和外界归因范畴4个类别;种文化归因包括运作成本和文化吸引;参与者归因包括个体兴趣、情感因素和收益认知;组织者归因包括个体因素和组织引领;外界归因包括环境因素和文化供给。

华池县农业植保社会化服务的探索与实践

农业植保社会化服务,是增强农业防灾减灾能力,适应农业绿色发展和提高农作物病虫害绿色防控覆盖率的需要。为了提升农业植保社会化服务能力,规范农作物病虫害防治,基于多年实践和相关文献,在阐述农业植保社会化服务及其现实意义的基础上,分析了华池县农业植保社会化服务现状,总结出了农业植保社会化服务的发展经验:培育服务主体,提升服务水平;健全管理机制,增强服务能力;扩大宣传,提高农户认识;强化培训,提高服务质量;加大政策扶持,提升防控力度等,以上经验有利于拓展农业植保服务的范围和深度,促进县域农业植保社会化服务快速发展。

面向系统响应能力提升的虚拟电厂聚合特性及交易机制综述

在新型电力系统频率动态品质下降、频率稳定问题突出的背景下,文中综述了面向系统频率响应能力提升的虚拟电厂聚合响应特性与市场交易机制,为当前由于市场机制缺乏导致的分布式资源频率支撑技术应用难题提供市场化解决思路。首先,总结了分布式资源频率动态响应基本原理以及虚拟电厂所需关键支撑技术,剖析了虚拟电厂在提供系统频率支撑方面存在的问题。其次,从时间、空间、成本3个维度提炼了虚拟电厂的频率聚合响应特性,并综述了虚拟电厂提升系统频率响应能力的市场交易机制,涵盖产品设计、出清定价、贡献量化、结算考核4个关键环节。然后,探讨了虚拟电厂聚合响应特性与市场交易机制间的交互作用关系。最后,展望了虚拟电厂提升系统频率响应能力的未来研究重点。

华池县植保社会化服务现状及发展对策

植保社会化服务是现代农业发展的必然趋势和客观要求。为了提升华池县农业植保社会化服务能力,通过对华池县植保社会化服务现状及存在问题的调查分析,提出了今后华池县植保社会化服务的发展对策是:强化宣传引导,提升全社会植保社会化服务意识;强化体系建设,增强农业生产安全保障;强化服务能力建设,提升服务效能;强化部门监管,规范植保社会化服务模式。

虚拟电厂下灵活资源多时间尺度调频控制

随着能源结构转型的推进,可再生能源的使用逐渐增加,仅依靠传统机组调节频率偏差难以满足需求。因此,为了解决此问题,考虑利用分布式资源(DR)参与调频辅助服务,DR主要考虑空调、电动汽车充电桩以及储能。首先,考虑了DR的特性和满意度评价方法;然后,基于状态势博弈理论对DR进行协调控制,将DR集中起来使其对外呈现为一个整体参与调频辅助服务;最后,通过算例仿真证明了该方案下对DR聚合并协调控制参与调频辅助服务的可行性和有效性,并对多时间尺度下储能、电动汽车充电桩以及可控负荷参与快速调频进行了验证。

农业无人机植保服务体系产业价值评估

农业无人机植保服务是指利用无人机技术对农作物进行保护和管理的一种现代化农业服务方式,具有高效、精准、灵活的特点,能够大幅提升农作物管理的效率和效果。该文评估农业无人机植保体系在农作物保护、病虫害防治、精准农业等方面的应用和优势,通过分析无人机植保服务在提高作业效率、降低农药使用量、节约成本等方面的贡献,揭示其在提升农业生产力和可持续发展中的重要作用,讨论当前无人机植保服务体系面临的挑战和发展前景,为推动农业无人机技术的广泛应用提供参考和建议。

基于多代理强化学习的多新型市场主体虚拟电厂博弈竞价及效益分配策略

目前新型市场主体规模较小但数量众多,为提高竞争力可以使其组成联盟以多新型市场主体虚拟电厂的形式参与市场博弈,而公平的效益分配方法是维持联盟稳定的基础。为此,该文提出了一种多新型市场主体虚拟电厂博弈竞价及效益分配策略。首先,考虑多新型市场主体虚拟电厂和传统机组均作为价格影响者,构建包含电能量和备用辅助服务的主辅联合市场交易模型,并在不完全信息市场环境下采用多代理强化学习(multi-agentreinforcementlearning,MADDPG)算法求解。其次,采用分布式联盟构造方法得到最优多新型市场主体联盟结构。为解决效益分配方法中的维数灾问题,引入蒙特卡洛近似夏普利值,对虚拟电厂内各新型市场主体的超额收益进行合理分配。最后,算例分析表明所提方法给出了多新型主体虚拟电厂参与主辅联合市场的最优联盟结构和竞价策略,在保证精度的前提下提高了超额收益分配的计算速度,与单独参与市场相比提高了所有新型市场主体的收益。

火-储耦合系统深度调峰综合经济性分析

火电机组耦合储热技术,可提高机组的热电解耦能力,减少深度调峰对系统安全性和经济性的影响。本工作提出了火电机组与填充床储热的耦合系统,在考虑了机组变工况、填充床储/释热过程动态时间序列基础上,通过EBSILON建立了耦合系统变工况仿真模型;分析深度调峰对耦合系统热力性和碳排放量的影响,通过汽水分离器筒体应力变化分析深调对锅炉寿命损耗的影响,通过转子寿命损耗率曲线分析深调对汽轮机寿命的影响,最终建立耦合系统调度运行经济性模型,开展综合经济性分析。结果表明:火-储耦合系统比自身变工况减小碳排放量7418 t/a(仅配置风电)~9216 t/a(仅配置光伏);深度调峰对锅炉寿命损耗的影响大于汽轮机,火-储耦合系统可提高系统运行寿命,深度调峰318次/年,相比于机组自身变工况(30%~20%额定负荷)可提高13.3%~15.3%;火-储耦合系统深度调峰收益高于火电机组自身变工况,当填充床释热量用于发电或供热时,耦合系统比自身变工况收益分别增加40万元/年、72万元/年。

虚拟电厂参与能量与辅助服务市场的协同优化策略

虚拟电厂作为一种具备储能特性的灵活性资源,虽然其在配合电网削峰填谷、消纳新能源等方面的作用越发重要,但其目前在市场运营上缺乏经济性及高效性,直接导致其参与市场积极性不足。鉴于此,提出一种虚拟电厂参与电能量市场与辅助服务市场协同工作策略。首先,基于现货市场电价与虚拟电厂的聚合情况,确定其参与市场各时段策略;其次,以虚拟电厂收益最大化为目标,采用动态规划方法构建多时间尺度下虚拟电厂参与现货电能量-调频市场协同优化模型;最后,通过仿真分析对比虚拟电厂只参与单独市场与联合优化情况下的收益及利用率,并使用shapely值法对参与虚拟电厂聚合的各类资源进行收益分摊分析,验证所提方案的可行性及有效性。