Global concerns about the environmental impact of combustion emissions from petroleum fuels influence new research to seek for alternative energy sources. The current study investigates the possibility of using safflo...Global concerns about the environmental impact of combustion emissions from petroleum fuels influence new research to seek for alternative energy sources. The current study investigates the possibility of using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an alternative biodiesel raw material. Four plant growth regulators (PGR) were used to boost the production of safflower. Thirteen treatments were constituted from the four plant regulators and applied to the safflower crop arranged in completely randomised design, repeated three times. The results show that the effect of plant growth regulators was not more than that of the control. More studies have to be channelled towards the relationship between safflower and plant growth regulators.展开更多
Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are artificially synthesized compounds that have become an important technical guarantee for agricultural production. EDAH(containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) has been proven to inhibit ...Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are artificially synthesized compounds that have become an important technical guarantee for agricultural production. EDAH(containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) has been proven to inhibit stalk elongation, promote stalk bold and increase mechanical strength and number of vascular bundles. DA-6 could enhance plant photosynthetic capacity and promote cell division and growth. In our study, experiments were performed at summer maize growing season during 2018–2019. The result showed that plant height, ear height and center of gravity height of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment were decreased by 10.18, 16.77 and 13.21%, respectively;leaf area and leaf area index also significantly(P<0.001) decreased by 24.11 and 60.15%, respectively;the value of mean tilt angle significantly(P<0.001) increased by 16.72% compared with the control plants, which meant that EDAH+DA-6 could shape more compact plant type. Therefore, lodging rate of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment decreased by 6.95% compared with control plants, and the grain yield was increased by 15.51%. In addition, EDAH+DA-6 treatment significantly improved the quality of maize base stalks, such as improving mechanical properties, which increased maize base stalk crushing strength by 22.23%;increased the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents by 6.93, 3.87 and 30.21%, respectively. In conclusion, EDAH+DA-6 treatment could improve summer maize yield by shaping plant morphological characteristics and group photosynthesis.展开更多
The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this st...The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimal growth medium, specif-ically, the best hormone combination for callus suspension culture. Using nursery-grown A. malaccensis, sterilized leaf explants were first incu-bated on basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) gel medium containing 15g/L sucrose and at pH 5.7. Different auxin types including 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), were tested at various concentrations (0.55, 1.1 and 1.65 μM) using the basic medium. Leaf explants were incubated for 30 days in the dark. Callus induced by 1.1 μM NAA had the highest biomass dry weight (DW) of 17.3 mg;however the callus was of a compact type. This auxin concentration was then combined with either 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin at 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 μM to induce growth of friable callus. The 1.1μM NAA+2.2μM BAP com-bination produced friable callus with the highest biomass (93.3mg DW). When testing the different carbon sources and pHs, sucrose at 15g/L and pH at 5.7 yielded highest biomasses at 87.7mg and 83mg DW, respec-tively. Microscopic observations revealed the arrangement of the friable cells as loosely packed with relatively large cells, while for the compact callus, the cells were small and densely packed. We concluded that MS medium containing 15 g/L sucrose, 1.1 μM NAA + 2.2 μM BAP hor-mone combination, and a pH of 5.7 was highly effective for inducing friable callus from leaf explants of A. malaccensis for the purpose of establishing cell suspension culture.展开更多
A cell suspension culture of Panax ginseng which may be continuously subcultured has been established. Embryogenic callus derived from clutured young leaves was used to initiate the culture.Plant growth regulators, ba...A cell suspension culture of Panax ginseng which may be continuously subcultured has been established. Embryogenic callus derived from clutured young leaves was used to initiate the culture.Plant growth regulators, basal medium formula and carbohydrate levels were examined to determine their various effects on suspension culture cell growth and development. The best selection of plant growth regulator, hasal medium and carbohydrate level is 2 mg / L 2,4-D: 0.5 mg / L KT,MS and 3% sucrose respectively.展开更多
The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(1) and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine(2) with eq...The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(1) and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine(2) with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227(8), b = 27.924(4), c = 6.2282(7) ?, β = 101.892(11)°, V = 973.9(2) ?~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00(10) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.087 mm^(-1), Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured(3.648≤θ≤26.022°), 1916 unique reflections(Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572) used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557(I 〉 2σ(I)) and w R = 0.1276(all data). Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L(50 ppm) in soybeen(He Feng-50). Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.展开更多
A stereocontrolled construction of the side chain of brassinclide and homobrassinolide has been achieved via the tandem vicinal dialkylation of the pyranone moiety as a key step.
[Objectives]This study was conducted to effectively monitor PGR residues in bean sprouts to provide guarantee for the food safety of agricultural products.[Methods]A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to effectively monitor PGR residues in bean sprouts to provide guarantee for the food safety of agricultural products.[Methods]A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)method for the determination of residues of 15 plant growth regulators(PGRs)in bean sprouts was established using bean sprouts as an experimental material.Samples were extracted with a solution containing 5%acetic acid-acetonitrile(1∶99,V/V),purified with anhydrous magnesium sulfate,and diluted with methanol solvent to constant volume.The solutions were filtered through 0.22μm filtering membrane and the target analytes were separated on a Phenomenex H18 column.The identification of each compound was established by retention time matching along with the accurate mass measurement of the precursor ions and their main fragment ions.The quantification was carried out using matrix-matched external standard method.[Results]The retention time of the 15 PGRs were found in the range from 5.8-11.7 min under the optimized conditions.The linear relation was good in the concentration range of 0.005-0.050μg/ml,and the correlation coefficients of the 15 PGRs were≥0.9990.The limits of detection were in the range of 0.03-0.92 g/kg,and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.50-2.10μg/kg.The average recovery in the recovery test at 3 concentration levels was 80%-110%,and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 2.8%-7.5%.[Conclusions]This method is simple and accurate,and can quickly qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the residues of 15 PGRs in bean sprouts.The proposed procedure was simple,quick and accurate for the simultaneous determination of the 15 PGRs in bean sprout.展开更多
Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three bi...Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.展开更多
For investigation on the characteristics of ethanol metabolism in tissues of different plant species, calluses from eight selected plant species were cultured on medium supplemented with ethanol in tightly sealed cult...For investigation on the characteristics of ethanol metabolism in tissues of different plant species, calluses from eight selected plant species were cultured on medium supplemented with ethanol in tightly sealed culture flasks. Changes of the ethanol level were detected by gas chromatography. During the culture period, the calluses of tobacco, potato and petunia were, able to catabolize exogenous ethanol, resulting in the prominent decline of the ethanol level in the medium. The calluses of melon and peanut were also able to catabolize thanol but with lower efficiency. The other three calluses of carrot, soybean and rice did not catabolize ethanol but instead produced small to large amount of ethanol, resulting in the increase of the ethanol level in the media. It was also found that changing the balance between auxin and cytokinin could influence only the ethanol metabolism efficiency but could not change the metabolism patterns on ethanol of the cultured calluses. It can be concluded that, ethanol metabolism pattern of calluses in cultures is an innate physiological characteristic of the respective plant species.展开更多
Using Xinshikui No. 5 as the experimental material, the effects of different concentrations of mepiquat chloride (100, 200, 300,400, 500 mg/L), chlormequat chloride (800, 1200,1 600, 2 000, 2 400 rag/L) and paclob...Using Xinshikui No. 5 as the experimental material, the effects of different concentrations of mepiquat chloride (100, 200, 300,400, 500 mg/L), chlormequat chloride (800, 1200,1 600, 2 000, 2 400 rag/L) and paclobutracol (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mg/L) on yield and quality of sunflower were investigated. The results showed that plant growth regulators could improve the yield and quality of sunflower seeds to varying degrees. Specifically, 400 mg/L mepiquat chloride ( D4 ), 800 mg/L chlormequat chloride ( Cl ) and 75 mg/L paelobutracol ( P2 ) significantly improved disk diameter, seed weight per disc, 100-sced weight, seed kernel rate and yield of sunflower; 400 mg/L mepiquat chloride ( D4 ), 1 200 mg/L chlormequat chloride ( C2 ) and 75 mg/L paclobutracol ( P2 ) improved crude protein content, crude fat content, length and width of sunflower seeds. Based on comprehensive consideration, paclobutraeol is the most appropriate plant growth regulator for improving the yield and quality of sunflower in Xinjiang, and the optimal application concentration is 75 mg/L.展开更多
In recent years,plant growth regulators are widely used in agricultural products.As the toxicity of plant growth regulator residues has gained increasing concerns,trace analysis methods for plant growth regulators hav...In recent years,plant growth regulators are widely used in agricultural products.As the toxicity of plant growth regulator residues has gained increasing concerns,trace analysis methods for plant growth regulators have been developed.In this paper,the major methods with advantages and disadvantages for the detection and pre-treatment of plant growth regulator residues in agricultural products were summarized,including gas chromatography(GC),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),chromatographic technique combined with mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),capillary electrophoresis(CE)and so on.Meanwhile,the development prospects were also discussed.展开更多
To achieve optimum yield of wheat, supplementation of soil and foliar applied fertilizers with plant growth regulators is vital to assure effective assimilation of nutrients by plants. A trial was conducted at Gwebi A...To achieve optimum yield of wheat, supplementation of soil and foliar applied fertilizers with plant growth regulators is vital to assure effective assimilation of nutrients by plants. A trial was conducted at Gwebi Agricultural College Farm in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe, during the 2012 winter wheat season (May to August), to evaluate the effects of differing times of application of Tianda 2116 plant growth regulator on the growth and yield of wheat (variety SC Sekuru). The trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were: Tianda 2116 applied at the following weeks after planting (WAP): 2 WAP, 3 WAP, 4 WAP, 5 WAP, 6 WAP, 14 WAP and no Tianda 2116 applied (control). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were noted among treatments for mean number of tillers per plant and mean number of spikes per plant. Application of Tianda 2116 at 2 and 3 WAP delayed flowering and physiological maturity. Early application of Tianda 2116 increased the number of spikelets per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield. Conclusively, Tianda 2116 applied 2 or 3 WAP is effective in reducing growth while enhancing yield parameters in wheat production.展开更多
Unavailability of performant planting material of pineapple constitutes a major problem of its cultivation in Africa. For this purpose, indirect organogenesis technique is used to evaluate the in vitro responses of tw...Unavailability of performant planting material of pineapple constitutes a major problem of its cultivation in Africa. For this purpose, indirect organogenesis technique is used to evaluate the in vitro responses of two cultivars of pineapple during the explant’s regeneration. Calli were induced from crown leaf and plantlets leaf of “Smooth Cayenne” and “Sugarloaf cultivars”. Murashige and Skoog medium with vitamins B5 supplemented with different growth regulators combinations were used. BAP and/or 2,4-D have been added to base medium for calli cells’ differentiation while BAP and GA3 have been added for plant elongation. The results indicated that explants from regenerated plantlets leaves cultivated on MS supplemented with copper (II) sulphate 5-hydrate concentrations incorporated had significant (p < 0.0001) influence on callus induction in pineapple cultivars. Likewise, MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1 mg/l) had a highly significant influence with 8.8 differentiated Calli. Also, MS medium supplemented with BAP (3 mg/l) + GA3 (2 mg/l) for the “smooth Cayenne” had significantly influenced (p < 0.0001) Calli regeneration with a high rate of 55.25% plantlets. MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l of NAA + 0 mg/l IBA produced a high number of roots in Sugarloaf whereas the medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l (IBA) produced high number of roots in smooth Cayenne. We have established an efficient and reproducible protocol for mass propagation and genetic transformation of pineapple though indirect organogenesis. This protocol may be used in genetics engineering studies for pineapple breeding.展开更多
Rice with polyembryony characterized bytwin seedlings is a good genetic tool for apomixisresearch.A study on the effect of five plantgrowth regulators(IAA,KT,GA,2,4-D and6-BAP)on rate of twin seedlings in 3 rice varie...Rice with polyembryony characterized bytwin seedlings is a good genetic tool for apomixisresearch.A study on the effect of five plantgrowth regulators(IAA,KT,GA,2,4-D and6-BAP)on rate of twin seedlings in 3 rice varie.ties with polyembryony(Shuang 3,Shuang 13and Lu 52)was conducted.The results showed展开更多
Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span sty...Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tuberization and field evaluation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum tuberosum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 day old field</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.1</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KI</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best for </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary establishment of meristem culture. The primar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ily</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+ 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grown potato plantlets were ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">icro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compare</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher number of tubers but </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.</span>展开更多
[Objectives] To study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. [Methods] Comparative methods were applied to study the effects of plant growth substa...[Objectives] To study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. [Methods] Comparative methods were applied to study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of D. officinale Kimura et Migo. [Results] Plant growth regulators play an important role in the process of tissue culture rapid propagation of D. officinale Kimura et Migo,and the main regulatory pathways are as follows.( i) Plant growth regulators promote the growth and development of D. officinale Kimura et Migo through regulating the changes of its endogenous hormones.( ii) Plant growth regulators affect the accumulation of polysaccharide content in D. officinale Kimura et Migo through regulating the changes in chlorophyll content and enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism.( iii) Plant growth regulators can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes of D. officinale Kimura et Migo,to increase its stress resistance. [Conclusions]Using molecular biology techniques,combined with the changes of plant hormones in D. officinale Kimura et Migo,and analysis on key enzyme in the synthesis of plant hormones and gene expression,it is feasible to study the rules o changes in the content of active content of D. officinale Kimura et Migo.展开更多
The aim of this study was to know the influence of plant growth regulator gibberellins on plant growth and production of Kopek and Gelatik purple eggplant.This study has been done in Educational and Research Garden in...The aim of this study was to know the influence of plant growth regulator gibberellins on plant growth and production of Kopek and Gelatik purple eggplant.This study has been done in Educational and Research Garden in Stiper Agriculture University at Maguwoharjo,Depok,Sleman,Yogyakarta in September 2016 to February 2017.The experimental design used was CRD(Completely Randomized Design)with two factors.The first factor was different kinds of gibberellins consisting of G0(no gibberellin/control),G1(young bamboo gibberellin)and G2(corn gibberellin)and G3(inorganic gibberellin).The second factor was the kind of 2 varieties consisting of purple eggplants.V1 variety was Kopek purple eggplant and V2 variety was Gelatik purple eggplant.The study used six replications.Data were analyzed by Anova followed by DMRT(Duncan’s Multiple Range Test)at 5%significant level.The result showed significantly interaction between kinds of gibberellins with eggplant variety on plant height.The Kopek purple with inorganic gibberellin significantly was the best.Kopek purple eggplant was much more in growth and production than Gelatik purple eggplant.展开更多
The cultivation technology were standardized for improving the yield and quality,and the commodity value and the competitiveness of fruit market,and solving the bottleneck problem—fruit quality and yield that affect ...The cultivation technology were standardized for improving the yield and quality,and the commodity value and the competitiveness of fruit market,and solving the bottleneck problem—fruit quality and yield that affect the industrial development of rare and multi-purpose wild fruit Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A.C.Smith.Through the investigation of K.coccinea production area and planting area,collection and analysis of fruit samples,it was found that in most planting area,the varieties of K.coccinea were mixed,with great differences in fruit quality and yield,which makes it impossible to realize large-scale planting.In view of these problems,a series of studies have been carried out and the technical regulations for standardized planting of rare and multi-purpose wild fruit K.coccinea were formulated.展开更多
In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning ...In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.展开更多
文摘Global concerns about the environmental impact of combustion emissions from petroleum fuels influence new research to seek for alternative energy sources. The current study investigates the possibility of using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an alternative biodiesel raw material. Four plant growth regulators (PGR) were used to boost the production of safflower. Thirteen treatments were constituted from the four plant regulators and applied to the safflower crop arranged in completely randomised design, repeated three times. The results show that the effect of plant growth regulators was not more than that of the control. More studies have to be channelled towards the relationship between safflower and plant growth regulators.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300102-4)。
文摘Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are artificially synthesized compounds that have become an important technical guarantee for agricultural production. EDAH(containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) has been proven to inhibit stalk elongation, promote stalk bold and increase mechanical strength and number of vascular bundles. DA-6 could enhance plant photosynthetic capacity and promote cell division and growth. In our study, experiments were performed at summer maize growing season during 2018–2019. The result showed that plant height, ear height and center of gravity height of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment were decreased by 10.18, 16.77 and 13.21%, respectively;leaf area and leaf area index also significantly(P<0.001) decreased by 24.11 and 60.15%, respectively;the value of mean tilt angle significantly(P<0.001) increased by 16.72% compared with the control plants, which meant that EDAH+DA-6 could shape more compact plant type. Therefore, lodging rate of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment decreased by 6.95% compared with control plants, and the grain yield was increased by 15.51%. In addition, EDAH+DA-6 treatment significantly improved the quality of maize base stalks, such as improving mechanical properties, which increased maize base stalk crushing strength by 22.23%;increased the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents by 6.93, 3.87 and 30.21%, respectively. In conclusion, EDAH+DA-6 treatment could improve summer maize yield by shaping plant morphological characteristics and group photosynthesis.
基金supported by the Universiti Putra Malaysia Research University Grant Scheme(Project No.03-02-11-1370RU and 03-03-11-1438RU)
文摘The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimal growth medium, specif-ically, the best hormone combination for callus suspension culture. Using nursery-grown A. malaccensis, sterilized leaf explants were first incu-bated on basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) gel medium containing 15g/L sucrose and at pH 5.7. Different auxin types including 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), were tested at various concentrations (0.55, 1.1 and 1.65 μM) using the basic medium. Leaf explants were incubated for 30 days in the dark. Callus induced by 1.1 μM NAA had the highest biomass dry weight (DW) of 17.3 mg;however the callus was of a compact type. This auxin concentration was then combined with either 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin at 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 μM to induce growth of friable callus. The 1.1μM NAA+2.2μM BAP com-bination produced friable callus with the highest biomass (93.3mg DW). When testing the different carbon sources and pHs, sucrose at 15g/L and pH at 5.7 yielded highest biomasses at 87.7mg and 83mg DW, respec-tively. Microscopic observations revealed the arrangement of the friable cells as loosely packed with relatively large cells, while for the compact callus, the cells were small and densely packed. We concluded that MS medium containing 15 g/L sucrose, 1.1 μM NAA + 2.2 μM BAP hor-mone combination, and a pH of 5.7 was highly effective for inducing friable callus from leaf explants of A. malaccensis for the purpose of establishing cell suspension culture.
文摘A cell suspension culture of Panax ginseng which may be continuously subcultured has been established. Embryogenic callus derived from clutured young leaves was used to initiate the culture.Plant growth regulators, basal medium formula and carbohydrate levels were examined to determine their various effects on suspension culture cell growth and development. The best selection of plant growth regulator, hasal medium and carbohydrate level is 2 mg / L 2,4-D: 0.5 mg / L KT,MS and 3% sucrose respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2012BAD20B04)
文摘The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(1) and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine(2) with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227(8), b = 27.924(4), c = 6.2282(7) ?, β = 101.892(11)°, V = 973.9(2) ?~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00(10) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.087 mm^(-1), Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured(3.648≤θ≤26.022°), 1916 unique reflections(Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572) used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557(I 〉 2σ(I)) and w R = 0.1276(all data). Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L(50 ppm) in soybeen(He Feng-50). Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.
文摘A stereocontrolled construction of the side chain of brassinclide and homobrassinolide has been achieved via the tandem vicinal dialkylation of the pyranone moiety as a key step.
基金Supported by Research Projects Funded by Talent Project Training Funds in Hebei Province(A201901128)Key R&D Project of Tangshan City(20150210C).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to effectively monitor PGR residues in bean sprouts to provide guarantee for the food safety of agricultural products.[Methods]A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)method for the determination of residues of 15 plant growth regulators(PGRs)in bean sprouts was established using bean sprouts as an experimental material.Samples were extracted with a solution containing 5%acetic acid-acetonitrile(1∶99,V/V),purified with anhydrous magnesium sulfate,and diluted with methanol solvent to constant volume.The solutions were filtered through 0.22μm filtering membrane and the target analytes were separated on a Phenomenex H18 column.The identification of each compound was established by retention time matching along with the accurate mass measurement of the precursor ions and their main fragment ions.The quantification was carried out using matrix-matched external standard method.[Results]The retention time of the 15 PGRs were found in the range from 5.8-11.7 min under the optimized conditions.The linear relation was good in the concentration range of 0.005-0.050μg/ml,and the correlation coefficients of the 15 PGRs were≥0.9990.The limits of detection were in the range of 0.03-0.92 g/kg,and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.50-2.10μg/kg.The average recovery in the recovery test at 3 concentration levels was 80%-110%,and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 2.8%-7.5%.[Conclusions]This method is simple and accurate,and can quickly qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the residues of 15 PGRs in bean sprouts.The proposed procedure was simple,quick and accurate for the simultaneous determination of the 15 PGRs in bean sprout.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India New Delhithe World Academy of Science(TWAS)for the Advancement of Science in the Developing World TriesteItaly through DBT-TWAS Postgraduate Research Fellowship
文摘Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.950406)
文摘For investigation on the characteristics of ethanol metabolism in tissues of different plant species, calluses from eight selected plant species were cultured on medium supplemented with ethanol in tightly sealed culture flasks. Changes of the ethanol level were detected by gas chromatography. During the culture period, the calluses of tobacco, potato and petunia were, able to catabolize exogenous ethanol, resulting in the prominent decline of the ethanol level in the medium. The calluses of melon and peanut were also able to catabolize thanol but with lower efficiency. The other three calluses of carrot, soybean and rice did not catabolize ethanol but instead produced small to large amount of ethanol, resulting in the increase of the ethanol level in the media. It was also found that changing the balance between auxin and cytokinin could influence only the ethanol metabolism efficiency but could not change the metabolism patterns on ethanol of the cultured calluses. It can be concluded that, ethanol metabolism pattern of calluses in cultures is an innate physiological characteristic of the respective plant species.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Research and Achievements Transformation Fund of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2016AC027,2016AC024)
文摘Using Xinshikui No. 5 as the experimental material, the effects of different concentrations of mepiquat chloride (100, 200, 300,400, 500 mg/L), chlormequat chloride (800, 1200,1 600, 2 000, 2 400 rag/L) and paclobutracol (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mg/L) on yield and quality of sunflower were investigated. The results showed that plant growth regulators could improve the yield and quality of sunflower seeds to varying degrees. Specifically, 400 mg/L mepiquat chloride ( D4 ), 800 mg/L chlormequat chloride ( Cl ) and 75 mg/L paelobutracol ( P2 ) significantly improved disk diameter, seed weight per disc, 100-sced weight, seed kernel rate and yield of sunflower; 400 mg/L mepiquat chloride ( D4 ), 1 200 mg/L chlormequat chloride ( C2 ) and 75 mg/L paclobutracol ( P2 ) improved crude protein content, crude fat content, length and width of sunflower seeds. Based on comprehensive consideration, paclobutraeol is the most appropriate plant growth regulator for improving the yield and quality of sunflower in Xinjiang, and the optimal application concentration is 75 mg/L.
基金Tangshan Science and Technology Planning Project(20150210C)Hebei Provincial Phase II Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Building Project(HBCT2018120207,HBCT2018160403).
文摘In recent years,plant growth regulators are widely used in agricultural products.As the toxicity of plant growth regulator residues has gained increasing concerns,trace analysis methods for plant growth regulators have been developed.In this paper,the major methods with advantages and disadvantages for the detection and pre-treatment of plant growth regulator residues in agricultural products were summarized,including gas chromatography(GC),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),chromatographic technique combined with mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),capillary electrophoresis(CE)and so on.Meanwhile,the development prospects were also discussed.
文摘To achieve optimum yield of wheat, supplementation of soil and foliar applied fertilizers with plant growth regulators is vital to assure effective assimilation of nutrients by plants. A trial was conducted at Gwebi Agricultural College Farm in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe, during the 2012 winter wheat season (May to August), to evaluate the effects of differing times of application of Tianda 2116 plant growth regulator on the growth and yield of wheat (variety SC Sekuru). The trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were: Tianda 2116 applied at the following weeks after planting (WAP): 2 WAP, 3 WAP, 4 WAP, 5 WAP, 6 WAP, 14 WAP and no Tianda 2116 applied (control). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were noted among treatments for mean number of tillers per plant and mean number of spikes per plant. Application of Tianda 2116 at 2 and 3 WAP delayed flowering and physiological maturity. Early application of Tianda 2116 increased the number of spikelets per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield. Conclusively, Tianda 2116 applied 2 or 3 WAP is effective in reducing growth while enhancing yield parameters in wheat production.
文摘Unavailability of performant planting material of pineapple constitutes a major problem of its cultivation in Africa. For this purpose, indirect organogenesis technique is used to evaluate the in vitro responses of two cultivars of pineapple during the explant’s regeneration. Calli were induced from crown leaf and plantlets leaf of “Smooth Cayenne” and “Sugarloaf cultivars”. Murashige and Skoog medium with vitamins B5 supplemented with different growth regulators combinations were used. BAP and/or 2,4-D have been added to base medium for calli cells’ differentiation while BAP and GA3 have been added for plant elongation. The results indicated that explants from regenerated plantlets leaves cultivated on MS supplemented with copper (II) sulphate 5-hydrate concentrations incorporated had significant (p < 0.0001) influence on callus induction in pineapple cultivars. Likewise, MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1 mg/l) had a highly significant influence with 8.8 differentiated Calli. Also, MS medium supplemented with BAP (3 mg/l) + GA3 (2 mg/l) for the “smooth Cayenne” had significantly influenced (p < 0.0001) Calli regeneration with a high rate of 55.25% plantlets. MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l of NAA + 0 mg/l IBA produced a high number of roots in Sugarloaf whereas the medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l (IBA) produced high number of roots in smooth Cayenne. We have established an efficient and reproducible protocol for mass propagation and genetic transformation of pineapple though indirect organogenesis. This protocol may be used in genetics engineering studies for pineapple breeding.
文摘Rice with polyembryony characterized bytwin seedlings is a good genetic tool for apomixisresearch.A study on the effect of five plantgrowth regulators(IAA,KT,GA,2,4-D and6-BAP)on rate of twin seedlings in 3 rice varie.ties with polyembryony(Shuang 3,Shuang 13and Lu 52)was conducted.The results showed
文摘Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> tuberization and field evaluation of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum tuberosum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 day old field</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.1</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KI</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best for </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary establishment of meristem culture. The primar</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ily</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> established meristems were subcultured on to MS semisolid basal medium supplemented with four different treatment combinations of hormones viz. 0.5 mg/L BA</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+ 1.0 mg/L IBA;0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used to identify the suitable media compositions for shoot proliferation. Results showed that out of these four media treatments the formulation 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L GA</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was found to be the best suitable for shoot generation. Among the four cultivars of potato higher frequency of shoot proliferation (number of shoots/explant and longest shoot length) was observed in Diamant, though the highest shoot formation (76%) was recorded in Cardinal. Virus free </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grown potato plantlets were ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained through DAS-ELISA test and used substantially for m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">icro-propagation. After gradual acclimatization of rooted plantlets of four potato cultivars</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> they were transferred into the field for cultivation and established successfully. It was observed from the field study of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meristem-derived plantlets that there were no virus-affected plants. The virus-free exotic varieties were much superior in all vegetative attributes and yield compare</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to those of indigenous varieties with producing potato plants of normal height. In contrast, the indigenous varieties took </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longer time to tuber initiation and maturity, lower plant height and number of leaves per plant, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">higher number of tubers but </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lower amount of tuber weight per plant, and poorer tuber grade than the exotic varieties. However, the variety Cardinal exposed the best performances in the context of survival percentage of plantlets (90%), days to tuber initiation (DTI), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">number of leaves per plant (NL), tuber weight per plant (343.40%) and the percentage of rich tuber grade.</span>
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(81460587)Program of Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhuang Medicine of Guangxi(Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2013]20)+2 种基金Key Laboratory Project of Zhuang Medicine of Guangxi(Gui Ke Ji Zi[2014]32)Key Discipline Zhuang Medicine Program of Guangxi(Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2013]16)Eight Scholar Program of Guangxi"TCM Innovation Theory and Efficacy Research"
文摘[Objectives] To study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. [Methods] Comparative methods were applied to study the effects of plant growth substance on the growth and development of D. officinale Kimura et Migo. [Results] Plant growth regulators play an important role in the process of tissue culture rapid propagation of D. officinale Kimura et Migo,and the main regulatory pathways are as follows.( i) Plant growth regulators promote the growth and development of D. officinale Kimura et Migo through regulating the changes of its endogenous hormones.( ii) Plant growth regulators affect the accumulation of polysaccharide content in D. officinale Kimura et Migo through regulating the changes in chlorophyll content and enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism.( iii) Plant growth regulators can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes of D. officinale Kimura et Migo,to increase its stress resistance. [Conclusions]Using molecular biology techniques,combined with the changes of plant hormones in D. officinale Kimura et Migo,and analysis on key enzyme in the synthesis of plant hormones and gene expression,it is feasible to study the rules o changes in the content of active content of D. officinale Kimura et Migo.
文摘The aim of this study was to know the influence of plant growth regulator gibberellins on plant growth and production of Kopek and Gelatik purple eggplant.This study has been done in Educational and Research Garden in Stiper Agriculture University at Maguwoharjo,Depok,Sleman,Yogyakarta in September 2016 to February 2017.The experimental design used was CRD(Completely Randomized Design)with two factors.The first factor was different kinds of gibberellins consisting of G0(no gibberellin/control),G1(young bamboo gibberellin)and G2(corn gibberellin)and G3(inorganic gibberellin).The second factor was the kind of 2 varieties consisting of purple eggplants.V1 variety was Kopek purple eggplant and V2 variety was Gelatik purple eggplant.The study used six replications.Data were analyzed by Anova followed by DMRT(Duncan’s Multiple Range Test)at 5%significant level.The result showed significantly interaction between kinds of gibberellins with eggplant variety on plant height.The Kopek purple with inorganic gibberellin significantly was the best.Kopek purple eggplant was much more in growth and production than Gelatik purple eggplant.
基金Key R&D projects in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GK AB18221091)Scientific Research and Scientific Planning of Guilin,Guangxi(20160223-1).
文摘The cultivation technology were standardized for improving the yield and quality,and the commodity value and the competitiveness of fruit market,and solving the bottleneck problem—fruit quality and yield that affect the industrial development of rare and multi-purpose wild fruit Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A.C.Smith.Through the investigation of K.coccinea production area and planting area,collection and analysis of fruit samples,it was found that in most planting area,the varieties of K.coccinea were mixed,with great differences in fruit quality and yield,which makes it impossible to realize large-scale planting.In view of these problems,a series of studies have been carried out and the technical regulations for standardized planting of rare and multi-purpose wild fruit K.coccinea were formulated.
基金financially supported by the Southwest Forestry University Research Foundation (No.18210135)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,Study and Demonstration on the Key Technology of Improving Quality and Efficiency of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Industry (No.202102AE090013).
文摘In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.