The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants,such as tocopherols,plastoquinone,ubiquinone,betalains,salidroside,benzyli...The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants,such as tocopherols,plastoquinone,ubiquinone,betalains,salidroside,benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,and so on.Among these,tyrosine-derived metabolites,tocopherols,plastoquinone,and ubiquinone are essential to plant survival.In addition,this pathway provides us essential micronutrients(e.g.,vitamin E and ubiquinone)and medicine(e.g.,morphine,salidroside,and salvianolic acid B).However,our knowledge of the plant tyrosine metabolism pathway remains rudimentary,and genes encoding the pathway enzymes have not been fully defined.In this review,we summarize and discuss recent advances in the tyrosine metabolism pathway,key enzymes,and important tyrosine-derived metabolites in plants.展开更多
Over the past decade, the evolving commercial importance of so-called plant secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism and, particularly, in the possibilities to enhance the yield o...Over the past decade, the evolving commercial importance of so-called plant secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism and, particularly, in the possibilities to enhance the yield of fine metabolites by means of genetic engineering. Plant alkaloids, which constitute one of the largest groups of natural products, provide many pharmacologically active compounds. Several genes in the tropane alkaloids biosynthesis pathways have been cloned, making the metabolic engineering of these alkaloids possible. The content of the target chemical scopolamine could be significantly increased by various approaches, such as introducing genes encoding the key biosynthetic enzymes or genes encoding regulatory proteins to overcome the specific rate-limiting steps. In addition, antisense genes have been used to block competitive pathways. These investigations have opened up new, promising perspectives for increased production in plants or plant cell culture. Recent achievements have been made in the metabolic engineering of plant tropane alkaloids and some new powerful strategies are reviewed in the present paper.展开更多
More and more evidences showed that plant secondary metabolites had various biological functions, and among these functions, the chemical ecological functions of plant secondary metabolites and its effects on quality ...More and more evidences showed that plant secondary metabolites had various biological functions, and among these functions, the chemical ecological functions of plant secondary metabolites and its effects on quality of plant products had been attached great attention. The plant secondary metabolic pathways were regulated by enzymes in multiple points along the pathways and for a specific kind of secondary metabolite, its biosynthesis pathway existed as metabolic channels. The metabolic pathways could be modified by gene addition, gene knockout and engineering of transcription factors or regulating genes to enhance or reduce the production of specific secondary metabolites in order to boost the stress resistance of plants or to improve the quality of plant products. Fig 1, Ref展开更多
基金This project was supported by the Special Fund for Shanghai Landscaping Administration Bureau Program(Grant nos.G192416 and G192419).
文摘The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants,such as tocopherols,plastoquinone,ubiquinone,betalains,salidroside,benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,and so on.Among these,tyrosine-derived metabolites,tocopherols,plastoquinone,and ubiquinone are essential to plant survival.In addition,this pathway provides us essential micronutrients(e.g.,vitamin E and ubiquinone)and medicine(e.g.,morphine,salidroside,and salvianolic acid B).However,our knowledge of the plant tyrosine metabolism pathway remains rudimentary,and genes encoding the pathway enzymes have not been fully defined.In this review,we summarize and discuss recent advances in the tyrosine metabolism pathway,key enzymes,and important tyrosine-derived metabolites in plants.
文摘Over the past decade, the evolving commercial importance of so-called plant secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism and, particularly, in the possibilities to enhance the yield of fine metabolites by means of genetic engineering. Plant alkaloids, which constitute one of the largest groups of natural products, provide many pharmacologically active compounds. Several genes in the tropane alkaloids biosynthesis pathways have been cloned, making the metabolic engineering of these alkaloids possible. The content of the target chemical scopolamine could be significantly increased by various approaches, such as introducing genes encoding the key biosynthetic enzymes or genes encoding regulatory proteins to overcome the specific rate-limiting steps. In addition, antisense genes have been used to block competitive pathways. These investigations have opened up new, promising perspectives for increased production in plants or plant cell culture. Recent achievements have been made in the metabolic engineering of plant tropane alkaloids and some new powerful strategies are reviewed in the present paper.
文摘More and more evidences showed that plant secondary metabolites had various biological functions, and among these functions, the chemical ecological functions of plant secondary metabolites and its effects on quality of plant products had been attached great attention. The plant secondary metabolic pathways were regulated by enzymes in multiple points along the pathways and for a specific kind of secondary metabolite, its biosynthesis pathway existed as metabolic channels. The metabolic pathways could be modified by gene addition, gene knockout and engineering of transcription factors or regulating genes to enhance or reduce the production of specific secondary metabolites in order to boost the stress resistance of plants or to improve the quality of plant products. Fig 1, Ref
