Abscisic Acid (ABA), along with ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins, is regarded as five kinds of important plant hormone. ABA was first isolated from cotton bud by Addcott Ohhuma’s group in 1963. Until 196...Abscisic Acid (ABA), along with ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins, is regarded as five kinds of important plant hormone. ABA was first isolated from cotton bud by Addcott Ohhuma’s group in 1963. Until 1965, its plane structure was determined. It was formally named as Abscisic acid in "the International Conference of Plant Regulator" in 1967. Scientists all over the world have made a long-term unremitting effort展开更多
Salt stress is a maior environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance unde...Salt stress is a maior environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress can lead to ionic stress, osmotic stress and secondary stresses, particularly oxidative stress, in plants. Therefore, to adapt to salt stress, plants rely on signals and pathways that re-establish cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species （ROS） homeostasis. Over the past two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed several core stress signaling pathways that participate in salt resistance. The Salt Overly Sensitive signaling pathway plays a key role in maintaining ionic homeostasis, via extruding sodium ions into the apoplast. Mitogenactivated protein kinase cascades mediate ionic, osmotic, and ROS homeostasis. SnRK2 （sucrose nonfermenting l-related protein kinase 2） proteins are involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in identifying the components and pathways involved in the plant＇s response to salt stress and their regulatory mechanisms. We also review progress in identifying sensors involved in salt-induced stress signaling in plants.展开更多
本文研究了冷驯化和 ABA 对茶树抗寒力及其体内脯氨酸含量的影响,结果表明:通过冷驯化或者 ABA处理,茶树经历了驯化再到脱驯化的过程,相应地茶树的抗寒力也发生了很大的变化,由驯化前的几乎为 0逐渐增大,而随着脱驯化的进行又迅速恢复...本文研究了冷驯化和 ABA 对茶树抗寒力及其体内脯氨酸含量的影响,结果表明:通过冷驯化或者 ABA处理,茶树经历了驯化再到脱驯化的过程,相应地茶树的抗寒力也发生了很大的变化,由驯化前的几乎为 0逐渐增大,而随着脱驯化的进行又迅速恢复到驯化前的水平。低温驯化的临界温度为 7℃左右,脱驯化的临界温度为 9℃左右。人工低温驯化和 ABA 处理,茶树抗寒力的提高幅度没有自然冷驯化下的大。对三种处理下茶树体内脯氨酸含量的变化的研究发现,冷驯化中茶树体内脯氨酸含量变化是对外界条件变化的一种综合反应,很难说明单一的脯氨酸含量与抗寒力之间的因果关系。展开更多
Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a com...Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a combination of environmental factors, including water status, light, CO2 levels and pathogen attack, as well as endogenous signals, such as abscisic acid and apoplastic reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, extracellular ROS are mainly produced by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, whereas intracellular ROS are produced in multiple organelles. These ROS form a sophisticated cellular signaling network, with the accumulation of apoplastic ROS an early hallmark of stomatal movement. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the ROS signaling network, primarily during drought stress and pathogen attack. We summarize the roles of apoplastic ROS in regulating stomatal movement, ABA and CO2 signaling, and immunity responses. Finally, we discuss ROS accumulation and communication between organelles and cells. This information provides a conceptual framework for understanding how ROS signaling is integrated with various signaling pathways during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli.展开更多
以盆栽的C4植物-湖南稷子 Echinochloafrumentacea 为材料,用6-苄氨基嘌呤 BA 和脱落酸 ABA 定位涂抹湖南稷子的穗、上位和下位叶片,分析了植物体激素平衡的局部改变对整株水平上Na+、K+和游离脯氨酸分配的调节.实验结果表明,ABA和具有...以盆栽的C4植物-湖南稷子 Echinochloafrumentacea 为材料,用6-苄氨基嘌呤 BA 和脱落酸 ABA 定位涂抹湖南稷子的穗、上位和下位叶片,分析了植物体激素平衡的局部改变对整株水平上Na+、K+和游离脯氨酸分配的调节.实验结果表明,ABA和具有细胞分裂素活性的BA是调控Na+、K+及游离脯氨酸在不同层位叶中分配的重要因素.ABA涂抹湖南稷子的上位叶片,上位叶片中的Na+比其下位叶片高35.0%;用ABA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+比其上位叶片高31.4%,下位叶鞘中的K+比其上位叶鞘高53.7%.用BA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+和脯氨酸分别比其上位叶片高16.5%和31.7%;用BA或ABA定位涂抹植物地上不同部位,引起植物整株水平上Na+、K+向光合作用强的部位,特别是向活跃期的穗中选择性运输的能力增强,游离脯氨酸也多集中于代谢旺盛的光合器官和生殖器官.展开更多
Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an importan...Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.展开更多
文摘Abscisic Acid (ABA), along with ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins, is regarded as five kinds of important plant hormone. ABA was first isolated from cotton bud by Addcott Ohhuma’s group in 1963. Until 1965, its plane structure was determined. It was formally named as Abscisic acid in "the International Conference of Plant Regulator" in 1967. Scientists all over the world have made a long-term unremitting effort
基金supported by the National Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects(2016ZX08009002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31430012,31670260,U1706201)National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB910202)
文摘Salt stress is a maior environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress can lead to ionic stress, osmotic stress and secondary stresses, particularly oxidative stress, in plants. Therefore, to adapt to salt stress, plants rely on signals and pathways that re-establish cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species （ROS） homeostasis. Over the past two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed several core stress signaling pathways that participate in salt resistance. The Salt Overly Sensitive signaling pathway plays a key role in maintaining ionic homeostasis, via extruding sodium ions into the apoplast. Mitogenactivated protein kinase cascades mediate ionic, osmotic, and ROS homeostasis. SnRK2 （sucrose nonfermenting l-related protein kinase 2） proteins are involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in identifying the components and pathways involved in the plant＇s response to salt stress and their regulatory mechanisms. We also review progress in identifying sensors involved in salt-induced stress signaling in plants.
文摘本文研究了冷驯化和 ABA 对茶树抗寒力及其体内脯氨酸含量的影响,结果表明:通过冷驯化或者 ABA处理,茶树经历了驯化再到脱驯化的过程,相应地茶树的抗寒力也发生了很大的变化,由驯化前的几乎为 0逐渐增大,而随着脱驯化的进行又迅速恢复到驯化前的水平。低温驯化的临界温度为 7℃左右,脱驯化的临界温度为 9℃左右。人工低温驯化和 ABA 处理,茶树抗寒力的提高幅度没有自然冷驯化下的大。对三种处理下茶树体内脯氨酸含量的变化的研究发现,冷驯化中茶树体内脯氨酸含量变化是对外界条件变化的一种综合反应,很难说明单一的脯氨酸含量与抗寒力之间的因果关系。
基金supported by the National Key Scientific Research Project(2011CB915400)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730007)
文摘Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a combination of environmental factors, including water status, light, CO2 levels and pathogen attack, as well as endogenous signals, such as abscisic acid and apoplastic reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, extracellular ROS are mainly produced by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, whereas intracellular ROS are produced in multiple organelles. These ROS form a sophisticated cellular signaling network, with the accumulation of apoplastic ROS an early hallmark of stomatal movement. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the ROS signaling network, primarily during drought stress and pathogen attack. We summarize the roles of apoplastic ROS in regulating stomatal movement, ABA and CO2 signaling, and immunity responses. Finally, we discuss ROS accumulation and communication between organelles and cells. This information provides a conceptual framework for understanding how ROS signaling is integrated with various signaling pathways during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli.
文摘以盆栽的C4植物-湖南稷子 Echinochloafrumentacea 为材料,用6-苄氨基嘌呤 BA 和脱落酸 ABA 定位涂抹湖南稷子的穗、上位和下位叶片,分析了植物体激素平衡的局部改变对整株水平上Na+、K+和游离脯氨酸分配的调节.实验结果表明,ABA和具有细胞分裂素活性的BA是调控Na+、K+及游离脯氨酸在不同层位叶中分配的重要因素.ABA涂抹湖南稷子的上位叶片,上位叶片中的Na+比其下位叶片高35.0%;用ABA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+比其上位叶片高31.4%,下位叶鞘中的K+比其上位叶鞘高53.7%.用BA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+和脯氨酸分别比其上位叶片高16.5%和31.7%;用BA或ABA定位涂抹植物地上不同部位,引起植物整株水平上Na+、K+向光合作用强的部位,特别是向活跃期的穗中选择性运输的能力增强,游离脯氨酸也多集中于代谢旺盛的光合器官和生殖器官.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31721001 and 31400261)the“Ten Thousand Talent Program”Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology,Henan Province
文摘Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
