Banana streak virus (BSV) and Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) are two badnaviruses commonly found in all banana growing areas of the world. It is a threat to the production and improvement of Musa germplasm. In Bur...Banana streak virus (BSV) and Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) are two badnaviruses commonly found in all banana growing areas of the world. It is a threat to the production and improvement of Musa germplasm. In Burkina Faso, the presence of badnaviruses was reported in banana producing regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BSV and SCBV in banana production areas of Burkina Faso. A survey followed by a symptomatologic study was conducted in banana plantations in 27 localities of the nine main banana producing regions from July to October 2018 and September to December 2020. In all, 251 leaf samples were collected and analysed for BSV and SCBV infection by Indirect Antigen Coated Plate Assay-ELISA followed by amplification of the RT/RNase H region using Polymerase chain reaction with Badna FP/RP and SCBV F/R primers, respectively. A variety of symptoms were observed on almost all plant organs which were revealed due to BSV by symptomatologic study. The results of serological and molecular diagnosis revealed a high overall prevalence of BSV in 80.48% of the samples tested. BSV was distributed in seven survey regions out of nine with prevalence ranging from 10% to 100% in North, Centre, Centre West, Hauts Bassins, Cascades, Centre East and Boucle of Mouhoun regions. Very low prevalence was recorded for SCBV in Cascades and East Centre region with 4.35 and 12.5%, respectively. Species detection using specific primers to each species revealed three main species: Banana streak Obino l’ewaï virus (BSOLV), Goldfinger virus (BSGFV) and Imové virus (BSIMV) in the samples tested, respectively in the proportions of 23%, 8% and 0.8%. Co-infection between BSV species was also detected.展开更多
Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) is a foliar disease caused by <em>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</em>, responsible of reduction of the photosynthetic area of banana plant and yield at harvest since it has an influe...Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) is a foliar disease caused by <em>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</em>, responsible of reduction of the photosynthetic area of banana plant and yield at harvest since it has an influence on fruit physiology. The control of BSD relies on the use of chemicals which are not affordable for the small holder farmers and increase the cost of production. Moreover, this chemical control is ineffective, negatively impacting the environment and human health, and is at the origin of strain resistance. <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> is known as rich in many compounds such as mineral elements, defense metabolites, some phytochemicals;and it is increasingly used in agriculture. Recently, the protective effect of <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> liquid extract against BSD development on plantain vivoplants in the nursery was highlighted. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of a biopesticide base on <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> on the BSD development in a plantain field under high disease pressure. The effect of<em> Tithonia diversifolia</em> biopesticide on <em>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</em> mycelial growth<em> in vitro</em> was evaluated. An experimental field at the flowering stage was selected and treated with the biopesticide base on <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> at three different concentrations: undiluted (100%), diluted at 1/2 (50%) and diluted at 1/4 (25%) for 17 weeks. The disease severity, the number of functional leaves, the youngest spotted leaf (YSL) and the youngest necrotic leaf (YNL) were evaluated in course of time. The biopesticide treatments significantly (P < 0.001) reduce the BSD severity in course of time, but it is more effective for the most diluted concentration (25%). The number of leaves increases in course of time as well as the rank of the YSL and the YNL confirming the efficiency of BSD control. The efficacy of this biopesticide base on <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> could be a hopeful ecoresponsible solution for the plantain sector in general and in particular for poor small farmers.展开更多
香蕉品种‘Agbagaba’和‘Orishele’的胚性细胞悬浮系(ECS)在液体培养基中分别预培养1和2周后,将其接种在RD1和M3培养基上,于光照或黑暗条件下进行体胚的再生。从沉积细胞体积(SCV) 为1 mL(1 mL SCV)的ECS获得的再生体胚数量因预培养...香蕉品种‘Agbagaba’和‘Orishele’的胚性细胞悬浮系(ECS)在液体培养基中分别预培养1和2周后,将其接种在RD1和M3培养基上,于光照或黑暗条件下进行体胚的再生。从沉积细胞体积(SCV) 为1 mL(1 mL SCV)的ECS获得的再生体胚数量因预培养时间、再生培养基的种类及培养条件的不同而异。植株的再生率及从1 mL SCV的ECS获得的再生植株数量也受上述体胚再生条件的间接影响。展开更多
植物光系统Ⅰ反应中心亚基Ⅴ(photosystemⅠreaction center subunitⅤ,简称PSAG或PSⅠ-G)是光合系统Ⅰ的主要组件,具有维持PSⅠ复合体稳定性的重要作用,并与抗盐密切相关。本研究以福州宦溪野生蕉(Musa spp.AB group)叶片为材料,采用...植物光系统Ⅰ反应中心亚基Ⅴ(photosystemⅠreaction center subunitⅤ,简称PSAG或PSⅠ-G)是光合系统Ⅰ的主要组件,具有维持PSⅠ复合体稳定性的重要作用,并与抗盐密切相关。本研究以福州宦溪野生蕉(Musa spp.AB group)叶片为材料,采用同源克隆的方法 ,首次分离到PSAG基因的2个成员:PSAG1、PSAG2(GenBank登录号分别为JX317082、JX317083),分别为800、827 bp,分别编码150、160个氨基酸;PSAG1、PSAG2的基因组序列分析表明2个成员均没有内含子。生物信息学分析表明:PSAG1、PSAG2具有PSⅠ的Ⅹ亚基超家族(photosystemⅠreaction center subunitⅩpsaK)保守结构域,是不具有信号肽的跨膜蛋白,具有亲水性;PSAG1、PSAG2均有4个位点发生磷酸化。宦溪野生蕉PSAG在进化过程中形成了特殊的结构特征,即PSAG1和PSAG2没有内含子,并且在不同物种间保守区具有高度的一致性,为保持PSAG功能的稳定性提供了重要保证。展开更多
Nursery experiment was carried out at Ibadan, Nigeria between May 2004 and October 2005 to evaluate the use of plantain as a permanent cocoa nursery shade crop. Ibadan is located between latitude 07?10'N and longi...Nursery experiment was carried out at Ibadan, Nigeria between May 2004 and October 2005 to evaluate the use of plantain as a permanent cocoa nursery shade crop. Ibadan is located between latitude 07?10'N and longitude 03?52'E and lies at an altitude of about 122 metres above the sea level. The treatments consisted of six shade regimes provided by plantain spaced at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and, 3.1 m apart, the control had no shade at all (open planted cocoa). Each treatment had one hundred cocoa seedlings planted in polythene bag filled with topsoil and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Data on vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings were taken on monthly basis, while plantain height, girth, number of leaves, bunch weight, number of fingers and market value of each treatment were evaluated. Light intensity under each of the treatment was taken using light meter. Result showed that cocoa seedlings under plantain shade planted at 1.0 m and 1.5 m apart were higher in height relative to control and other treatments considered, shade regimes provided by spacing at 3.1 × 3.1 m and 2.5 m × 2.5 m apart on the other hand produced higher values for stem diameter and leaf area respectively compared to other treatments, the least values were recorded under 1.0 m × 1.0 m apart. Seedlings under 2.5 m and 3.1 m spacing were significantly (p > 0.05) higher for these parameters than other treatments. Higher incidence of weed was also recorded from the control. Plantain bunch obtained from 2.5 m and 3.1 m apart was higher than other treatments in terms of weight, number of fingers and market value, while the control (no plantain shade) did not give any economic returns. Hence, plantain planted at spacing of 2.5 m or 3.1 m apart could be recommended to the cocoa farmers in Nigeria as nursery shade instead of conventional method of using bamboo and palm fronds yearly without any additional economic return.展开更多
Plantain contributes significantly to income generation and food security for millions of people in the world. However, it faces problems of seedlings quantity, quality and availability. The innovation of the “plants...Plantain contributes significantly to income generation and food security for millions of people in the world. However, it faces problems of seedlings quantity, quality and availability. The innovation of the “plants issus de fragments de tiges” (PIF) technique could be a solution to these problems for small holders’ farmers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of clam shells through amendment of Batard and Big Ebanga PIF substrate, on the growth promotion of seedlings and their protection against black Sigatoka disease (BSD). Plantain PIF seedlings of the two varieties were grown in a substrate amended with 1% concentration of the clam shells powder in the presence of negative control in the sterile and non-sterile conditions. Agromorphological characteristics, susceptibility level to BSD, total proteins and polyphenols content were assessed. Because of the presence of clam shells in the substrates, explants germinated quickly, generated high number of shoots, grew taller by 32%, with a diameter of pseudo stems of 30%, and area of leaves of 18% compared to control. In addition, the seedlings were less susceptible to BSD by 73% compared to those of controls. The treatment seems to allow the accumulation of larger amounts of total proteins and polyphenols before inoculation and after inoculation that could participate in the growth promotion and the reduction of plant’s susceptibility level. Clam shells treatment acts as a biofertilizer/biopesticide and could be helpful to boost production of plantain seedlings, the use of the by-products of fishing in agriculture and helps alleviate poverty of small holders’ farmers.展开更多
Fermented beverages have continued to give more surprises in terms of the presence of biomolecules and the diversity of microorganisms that may be contained. Republic of Congo is home to a panoply of fermented foods a...Fermented beverages have continued to give more surprises in terms of the presence of biomolecules and the diversity of microorganisms that may be contained. Republic of Congo is home to a panoply of fermented foods and beverages that are still not yet studied. This is the case of plantain wine fluently called banana wine. Within this framework, this work aims to study the role of Biosurfactant-like Biomolecules secreted during fermentation of plantain wine. Using MRS medium, 15 isolates bacteria have been found. 100% are able to secrete biosurfactant and 66.66% are extractible biosurfactants. 33% of isolates have been associated to Lactobacillus plantarum (Is2, Is9, Is12 and Is13) by using a one-step multi-plex PCR that targets genes encoding for bacteriocins. Biosurfactants secreted by L. plantarum play an important role in the preservation of banana wine. The biosurfactants extracted with chloroform and ammonium sulphate are able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria including Shigella flexneri, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphy-lococcus aureus.展开更多
文摘Banana streak virus (BSV) and Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV) are two badnaviruses commonly found in all banana growing areas of the world. It is a threat to the production and improvement of Musa germplasm. In Burkina Faso, the presence of badnaviruses was reported in banana producing regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BSV and SCBV in banana production areas of Burkina Faso. A survey followed by a symptomatologic study was conducted in banana plantations in 27 localities of the nine main banana producing regions from July to October 2018 and September to December 2020. In all, 251 leaf samples were collected and analysed for BSV and SCBV infection by Indirect Antigen Coated Plate Assay-ELISA followed by amplification of the RT/RNase H region using Polymerase chain reaction with Badna FP/RP and SCBV F/R primers, respectively. A variety of symptoms were observed on almost all plant organs which were revealed due to BSV by symptomatologic study. The results of serological and molecular diagnosis revealed a high overall prevalence of BSV in 80.48% of the samples tested. BSV was distributed in seven survey regions out of nine with prevalence ranging from 10% to 100% in North, Centre, Centre West, Hauts Bassins, Cascades, Centre East and Boucle of Mouhoun regions. Very low prevalence was recorded for SCBV in Cascades and East Centre region with 4.35 and 12.5%, respectively. Species detection using specific primers to each species revealed three main species: Banana streak Obino l’ewaï virus (BSOLV), Goldfinger virus (BSGFV) and Imové virus (BSIMV) in the samples tested, respectively in the proportions of 23%, 8% and 0.8%. Co-infection between BSV species was also detected.
文摘Black Sigatoka disease (BSD) is a foliar disease caused by <em>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</em>, responsible of reduction of the photosynthetic area of banana plant and yield at harvest since it has an influence on fruit physiology. The control of BSD relies on the use of chemicals which are not affordable for the small holder farmers and increase the cost of production. Moreover, this chemical control is ineffective, negatively impacting the environment and human health, and is at the origin of strain resistance. <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> is known as rich in many compounds such as mineral elements, defense metabolites, some phytochemicals;and it is increasingly used in agriculture. Recently, the protective effect of <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> liquid extract against BSD development on plantain vivoplants in the nursery was highlighted. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of a biopesticide base on <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> on the BSD development in a plantain field under high disease pressure. The effect of<em> Tithonia diversifolia</em> biopesticide on <em>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</em> mycelial growth<em> in vitro</em> was evaluated. An experimental field at the flowering stage was selected and treated with the biopesticide base on <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> at three different concentrations: undiluted (100%), diluted at 1/2 (50%) and diluted at 1/4 (25%) for 17 weeks. The disease severity, the number of functional leaves, the youngest spotted leaf (YSL) and the youngest necrotic leaf (YNL) were evaluated in course of time. The biopesticide treatments significantly (P < 0.001) reduce the BSD severity in course of time, but it is more effective for the most diluted concentration (25%). The number of leaves increases in course of time as well as the rank of the YSL and the YNL confirming the efficiency of BSD control. The efficacy of this biopesticide base on <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> could be a hopeful ecoresponsible solution for the plantain sector in general and in particular for poor small farmers.
文摘香蕉品种‘Agbagaba’和‘Orishele’的胚性细胞悬浮系(ECS)在液体培养基中分别预培养1和2周后,将其接种在RD1和M3培养基上,于光照或黑暗条件下进行体胚的再生。从沉积细胞体积(SCV) 为1 mL(1 mL SCV)的ECS获得的再生体胚数量因预培养时间、再生培养基的种类及培养条件的不同而异。植株的再生率及从1 mL SCV的ECS获得的再生植株数量也受上述体胚再生条件的间接影响。
文摘植物光系统Ⅰ反应中心亚基Ⅴ(photosystemⅠreaction center subunitⅤ,简称PSAG或PSⅠ-G)是光合系统Ⅰ的主要组件,具有维持PSⅠ复合体稳定性的重要作用,并与抗盐密切相关。本研究以福州宦溪野生蕉(Musa spp.AB group)叶片为材料,采用同源克隆的方法 ,首次分离到PSAG基因的2个成员:PSAG1、PSAG2(GenBank登录号分别为JX317082、JX317083),分别为800、827 bp,分别编码150、160个氨基酸;PSAG1、PSAG2的基因组序列分析表明2个成员均没有内含子。生物信息学分析表明:PSAG1、PSAG2具有PSⅠ的Ⅹ亚基超家族(photosystemⅠreaction center subunitⅩpsaK)保守结构域,是不具有信号肽的跨膜蛋白,具有亲水性;PSAG1、PSAG2均有4个位点发生磷酸化。宦溪野生蕉PSAG在进化过程中形成了特殊的结构特征,即PSAG1和PSAG2没有内含子,并且在不同物种间保守区具有高度的一致性,为保持PSAG功能的稳定性提供了重要保证。
文摘Nursery experiment was carried out at Ibadan, Nigeria between May 2004 and October 2005 to evaluate the use of plantain as a permanent cocoa nursery shade crop. Ibadan is located between latitude 07?10'N and longitude 03?52'E and lies at an altitude of about 122 metres above the sea level. The treatments consisted of six shade regimes provided by plantain spaced at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and, 3.1 m apart, the control had no shade at all (open planted cocoa). Each treatment had one hundred cocoa seedlings planted in polythene bag filled with topsoil and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Data on vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings were taken on monthly basis, while plantain height, girth, number of leaves, bunch weight, number of fingers and market value of each treatment were evaluated. Light intensity under each of the treatment was taken using light meter. Result showed that cocoa seedlings under plantain shade planted at 1.0 m and 1.5 m apart were higher in height relative to control and other treatments considered, shade regimes provided by spacing at 3.1 × 3.1 m and 2.5 m × 2.5 m apart on the other hand produced higher values for stem diameter and leaf area respectively compared to other treatments, the least values were recorded under 1.0 m × 1.0 m apart. Seedlings under 2.5 m and 3.1 m spacing were significantly (p > 0.05) higher for these parameters than other treatments. Higher incidence of weed was also recorded from the control. Plantain bunch obtained from 2.5 m and 3.1 m apart was higher than other treatments in terms of weight, number of fingers and market value, while the control (no plantain shade) did not give any economic returns. Hence, plantain planted at spacing of 2.5 m or 3.1 m apart could be recommended to the cocoa farmers in Nigeria as nursery shade instead of conventional method of using bamboo and palm fronds yearly without any additional economic return.
文摘Plantain contributes significantly to income generation and food security for millions of people in the world. However, it faces problems of seedlings quantity, quality and availability. The innovation of the “plants issus de fragments de tiges” (PIF) technique could be a solution to these problems for small holders’ farmers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of clam shells through amendment of Batard and Big Ebanga PIF substrate, on the growth promotion of seedlings and their protection against black Sigatoka disease (BSD). Plantain PIF seedlings of the two varieties were grown in a substrate amended with 1% concentration of the clam shells powder in the presence of negative control in the sterile and non-sterile conditions. Agromorphological characteristics, susceptibility level to BSD, total proteins and polyphenols content were assessed. Because of the presence of clam shells in the substrates, explants germinated quickly, generated high number of shoots, grew taller by 32%, with a diameter of pseudo stems of 30%, and area of leaves of 18% compared to control. In addition, the seedlings were less susceptible to BSD by 73% compared to those of controls. The treatment seems to allow the accumulation of larger amounts of total proteins and polyphenols before inoculation and after inoculation that could participate in the growth promotion and the reduction of plant’s susceptibility level. Clam shells treatment acts as a biofertilizer/biopesticide and could be helpful to boost production of plantain seedlings, the use of the by-products of fishing in agriculture and helps alleviate poverty of small holders’ farmers.
文摘Fermented beverages have continued to give more surprises in terms of the presence of biomolecules and the diversity of microorganisms that may be contained. Republic of Congo is home to a panoply of fermented foods and beverages that are still not yet studied. This is the case of plantain wine fluently called banana wine. Within this framework, this work aims to study the role of Biosurfactant-like Biomolecules secreted during fermentation of plantain wine. Using MRS medium, 15 isolates bacteria have been found. 100% are able to secrete biosurfactant and 66.66% are extractible biosurfactants. 33% of isolates have been associated to Lactobacillus plantarum (Is2, Is9, Is12 and Is13) by using a one-step multi-plex PCR that targets genes encoding for bacteriocins. Biosurfactants secreted by L. plantarum play an important role in the preservation of banana wine. The biosurfactants extracted with chloroform and ammonium sulphate are able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria including Shigella flexneri, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphy-lococcus aureus.
