Moso bamboo expansion decreased soil heterotrophic respiration but increased arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelial respiration in a subtropical broadleaved forest

Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys Pubescens)expansion into adjacent forests has been widely reported to affect plant diversity and its association with mycorrhizal fungi in subtropical China,which will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration.However,there is still limited information on how Moso bamboo expansion changes soil respiration components and their linkage with microbial community composition and activity.Based on a mesh exclusion method,soil respirations derived from roots,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)mycelium,and free-living microbes were investigated in a pure Moso bamboo forest(expanded),an adjacent broadleaved forest(nonexpanded),and a mixed bamboo-broadleaved forest(expanding).Our results showed that bamboo expansion decreased the cumulative CO_(2)effluxes from total soil respiration,root respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration(by 19.01%,30.34%,and 29.92%on average),whereas increased those from AM mycelium(by 78.67%in comparison with the broadleaved forests).Bamboo expansion significantly decreased soil organic carbon(C)content,bacterial and fungal abundances,and enzyme activities involved in C,N and P cycling whereas enhanced the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.In contrast,the ingrowth of AM mycelium increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and decreased the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration and AM mycelium respiration had positive correlations with soil enzyme activities and fungal abundances.In summary,our findings suggest that bamboo expansion decreased soil heterotrophic respiration by decreasing soil microbial activity but increased the contribution of AM mycelial respiration to soil C efflux,which may potentially increase soil C loss from AM mycelial pathway.

Advanced Treatment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent by Using Biofilms on Filamentous Bamboo

[ Objective ] The study aimed at treating wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） effluent by using bio-film reactor with filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier. [ Method] With the aid of a continuous flow reactor, a bio-film reactor using filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier was used to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio, and the removal effects of CODc,, TN （total nitrogen）, and NO3--N in the wastewater were analyzed.[ Result ] The average removal rates of CODcr, TN, and NO3- -N reached 47.7%, 23.6% and 34.5% when the C/N ratio of influent was around 2. In addi- tion, a stable bio-film was formed very well in the secondary effluent with low C/N ratio and hardly degradable organic pollutants. The pollutants could be removed effectively because of the excellent surface characteristics and compositions of filamentous bamboo. [ Conclusion] The research provides a new method to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio.

In Vitro Micropropagation of Himalayan Weeping Bamboo, Drepanostachyum falcatum

Plant growth hormone BAP (benzyl amino purine), KIN (kinetin), NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and IBA (indole-3 butyric acid) effect was studied on in vitro multiplication of shoots and rooting of Drepanostachyum falcatum. In vitro micropropagation of himalayan weeping bamboo is explained by in vitro shoot induction and proliferation. Excised explant with axillary bud is surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 - 12 minutes, cleaned with 90% ethanol and inoculated on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP/ KIN. Effect of BAP/KIN on shoot induction is with different rate and number of shoots produced by explants with axillary bud cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.0 mg/L BAP/KIN - 5.5 mg/L BAP/KIN. Shoot multiplication with highest rate is achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3.5 mg/L BAP after 4th sub-culturing. The most effective with highest rate and number of root induction combination is 6.5 mg/L IBA after 5 weeks. The roots produced by 6.5 mg/L IBA is best compared with other combination of auxin NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid).

Structure and genetic diversity of natural populations of Guadua weberbaueri in the southwestern Amazon,Brazil

The Brazilian state of Acre has an extensive natural reserve of bamboo,making it one of the largest in loco gene banks.The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and genetic diversity of Guadua weberbaueri Pilg.in two populations,one native(FAPB)and the other anthropized(FAPBA),using ISSR markers.The results show that the FAPB population exhibited higher values for all estimates of population diversity.However,the FAPBA population also showed high heterozygosity,corroborated by estimated gene flow(Nm=3.9)between the populations.The study of the association between Nei’s genetic distances and the geographic distances between the populations were significantly correlated(r=0.45,p=0.01),corroborated by the dendrogram revealing two distinct groups corresponding to the collection sites,without mixing classes between populations in the same group.As for the coancestry coefficient,pairs of individuals in the first distance class were positive and significant,indicating that plants that are geographically closer share common alleles with a frequency greater than by chance,which means that there is a tendency that geographically closer individuals are related.Individuals presented similar genetic structure when the geographical distance between them was up to 56 m for FAPB and up to 156 m for FAPBA.It was concluded that anthropized environments exhibit less genetic diversity than native environments,inferring risks for species conservation if appropriate and planned management techniques are not adopted.

Psychophysiological Effects of Bamboo Plants on Adults

The present study was conducted to clarify the psychophysiological relaxation effects of viewing bamboo on university students. Forty healthy Chinese participants enrolled in this study to clarify the psychophysiological relaxation effects of viewing bamboo. The effects of visual stimulation using a pot both with and without a bamboo were recorded by measuring the student＇s blood pressure, EEG and STAI. We observed that viewing bamboo plants resulted in significantly lower systolic（female, P 〈 0.001; male, P 〈 0.001; P 〈 0.05） and diastolic（female,P 〈 0.001; male, P 〈 0.001; P 〈 0.05） blood pressures, but no changes in the pulse rate（female, P = 0.09; male, P = 0.07; P 〉 0.05） were observed. The results of the EEG analysis indicated brainwave variation（all P 〈 0.05） and lower anxiety scores（P 〈 0.01） after 3 min of viewing bamboo compared with the control. These findings indicate that visual stimulation with bamboo plants induced psychophysiological relaxation effects on adults.

福建龙栖山自然保护区竹类植物资源调查

根据野外调查和标本采集,并结合查阅文献,对福建龙栖山自然保护区的竹类植物资源多样性与分布进行调查分析。结果表明,该保护区竹类植物共有7属20种(含变型),其中新分布种2种;自然分布状况分析表明复轴型及单轴型竹种为自然分布优势类群。

种加词以地域定名的竹种分析

整理出世界竹子清单(World Checklist of Bamboos,WCBs)中隶属73个竹属里的以地域名称命名的352个竹种,其中50个竹种以国家、洲际等大尺度地理区域名称命名,302个竹种以省市、山川等地域名称命名(中国128个),发现约有1/5竹种、竹属以地域定名,比较普遍。详细分析了以竹属、竹区、命名人、合格发表时间等约束因素条件下的种加词拉丁化定名现象,以及其中的多类型地域名称种加词的凝练形式。提出区别对待新陈、扬弃地域定名的观点,以修订新版植物命名法规,更准确反映竹子的遗传地理特性,甄别竹种,服务竹业。

严寒地区工厂附加性外窗保温层性能研究

为建筑外窗附加保温层的手段是降低采暖期间建筑热负荷的重要途径之一,具有较强的节能潜力。以严寒地区典型单层工业厂房为研究对象,应用DesignBuilder能耗模拟软件对附加外窗保温层后的供暖季热负荷、外窗得失热情况和室温变化情况进行仿真,揭示了保温层材料、保温层附加时间对建筑能耗的影响;全时段为外窗附加PVC防寒膜的节能效果最优,热负荷降低7.2%,通过外窗的热量损失减少31.6%,并具有明显的性价比;夜间附加EPS保温板时室内热环境最稳定,其最佳厚度为33mm,但经济成本相对较高。研究结果可为严寒地区工业厂房的外窗保温提供数据支撑和理论依据。

基于改进GWO-LightGBM的磨煤机故障预警方法研究

为提高燃煤电厂磨煤机运维效率、降低运维成本,对磨煤机故障预警进行了研究。创新性地提出一种基于改进灰狼优化(GWO)算法的轻量级梯度提升机(LightGBM)故障预警方法。通过建立LightGBM轴承温度预测模型获取磨煤机轴承温度阈值,并引入改进GWO算法优化模型超参数,以提高算法效率和性能。试验结果表明,改进GWO-LightGBM算法相比支持向量机(SVM)等传统算法具有更高的精度和更优的泛化能力。通过实际故障案例证明,该方法能够提前2 h对磨煤机进行早期故障预警。该方法对燃煤电厂磨煤机安全运维具有指导意义。

植物纤维-石膏基复合材料研究进展

随着全球对可持续发展和“双碳”目标的日益重视,植物纤维和石膏作为绿色低碳环保型的建材原料,其复合材料的研究与应用备受关注。首先对石膏、植物纤维进行概述,特别是对掺入植物纤维后的石膏基复合材料的性能变化及其机理进行凝练性总结;其次对竹纤维、菌草纤维在石膏基复合材料中的应用效果,以及植物纤维-石膏基复合材料产业化与工程应用问题进行探讨;最后提出以产业化为目标导向的结论与建议,指出产业化亟须解决的关键问题,并对未来的研究趋势及发展前景进行了展望。

基于碳汇方案的高速公路竹类景观绿化设计及效益评价——以达州绕城西高速为例

为满足公路工程的减排需求,致力于通过优化植物品种选择,提升沿线景观的碳汇能力。基于竹类植物突出的碳储功能和在四川地区的生长情况,以达州绕城西高速为例,对其在主线、互通立交、房建、隧道洞口区域的景观应用潜力进行了探讨。经过竹类配置可行性分析,及以毛竹为主要研究对象的量化评估,结果表明:该方案在碳减排及经济效益方面均展现出积极成效。研究构建了一种以竹类为主体的新型高速公路景观设计模式,为公路工程减排和景观美化提供了有效策略。

基于WinCE的EPA通信服务的实现

“EPA标准”是作者参加起草的一种适用于工业自动化控制系统装置与仪器仪表间、工业自动化仪器仪表相互间数据通信的工业控制网络通信国家标准。介绍了EPA系统的通信模型和应用层协议。探讨了EPA应用层服务和EPA套接字映射接口对象的具体描述以及基于WinCE的EPA系统通信协议实现方法。

杭州市雨水花园竹类植物资源应用现状与优化策略

竹类植物具有良好的生态效益和极高的美学价值,但目前竹类植物在雨水花园中的相关应用研究基本空白。采用实地调研与数据分析相结合的方法,对杭州市25个雨水花园的竹类植物资源进行分析,包括应用比例、种类组成、生长状况、应用区域和配置模式。结果表明,调研的25个雨水花园中只有5个种植竹类植物,占比为20%。竹类植物种类仅有3种,分别为小琴丝竹(Bambusa multiplex cv.Alphonso-Karri)、箬竹[Indosasa tessellatus(Munro)P.C.Keng]和刚竹(Phyllostachys sulphurea var.viridis R.A.Young),其中小琴丝竹应用最多。应用区域集中在边缘区和缓冲区,蓄水区中没有应用。配置模式主要为丛植和片植。针对杭州市雨水花园竹类植物资源存在应用比例偏低、种类单一、应用区域不够广泛,以及配置模式单调的问题,探讨了雨水花园竹类植物的多样性提升策略、生态适宜性策略,以及种植区域与配置模式拓展策略。研究结果可为雨水花园和海绵城市建设中的竹类植物资源应用拓展和景观多样性提供参考。

竹类植物在北京地区的抗寒性分析与评价

为了探索竹类植物在北京地区的抗寒性及园林应用前景,运用层次分析法(AHP)和K-means聚类分析法对北京植物园60种竹类植物进行了抗寒性分析与评价。评价模型由适应性、更新能力和观赏性3个评价准则及相关的11个评价因子构成。结果表明:评价等级为Ⅰ级竹类植物28种,包括安吉金竹、阔叶箬竹、金镶玉竹、早园竹、鹅毛竹等,占总数的46.7%,这类植物抗寒性强,在北京地区可广泛推广应用;Ⅱ级竹类植物11种,包括白哺鸡竹、善变箬竹、髯毛箬竹等,占总数的18.3%,这类植物有一定抗寒性,可适当推广应用;Ⅲ级竹类植物17种,包括黄槽斑竹、美丽箬竹等,这类植物抗寒性一般,需要在特定的环境中应用;Ⅳ级竹类植物4种,包括白纹东根笹、对花竹、黄皮绿筋竹等,这类植物抗寒性差,可在特定条件下小面积栽植。

基于农服平台的植保无人机任务分配与路径优化

为解决农业社会化服务平台下植保无人机“单基站-多无人机”模式任务分配调度的精细化匹配问题,建立了任务分配调度的两阶段混合整数规划模型。首先,引入了考虑温度影响下的农药药效可变时间窗、植保无人机农田中飞行模式选择、变动耗电速率等农业参数变量,在快速精准解决农户分散的植保需求条件下,求解出植保无人机任务分配调度的成本最小化目标;然后在保证其他参数不变的情况下,分别改变植保无人机的电池额定续航时间、农田中的飞行模式、温度对应的最佳药效可变时间窗和需求大小4个参数,研究了植保成本的改进情况。结果显示,各植保无人机搭载续航时间长的电池、在农田中选择长边转弯栅格形飞行、选用发挥最佳药效温度范围大的农药种类和提高单位时段平台服务量上限策略,分别可以降低40.02%、12.45%、21.17%和39.19%的植保成本。以上结果表明,引入了具体农业生产要素的混合整数规划的模型科学有效,更适用于农服平台的植保无人机任务分配调度。

竹类植物遗传育种研究进展

作为森林植物的重要组成部分,竹类植物在维持生态平衡、保持物种多样性、减缓气候变化、防止水土流失等多方面发挥着积极作用,国际社会对竹资源开发利用的高度关注促进了竹产业的持续快速发展。良种是产业发展的基石,竹子专用品种的缺乏是限制其工业化利用的重要因素,因此竹类植物的遗传育种已成为竹学领域研究的焦点。文章对竹类植物遗传育种中的变异来源、种类识别、育种现状进行了系统总结,尤其是对选择育种、杂交育种、分子育种、智能化育种和新品种审定进行重点概述。针对竹类植物遗传学理论基础薄弱、内在固有遗传障碍和育种技术瓶颈问题,提出了构建遗传学理论、加强种质资源保护与评价和突破育种技术瓶颈的应对策略,以期为竹类植物的新品种选育提供参考。

景观植物在水体污染控制修复中的应用研究

水体污染相对研究,而水体污染控制修复效果不佳,因此,研究景观植物在水体污染控制修复中的应用。方法为选择受严重污染的河道污水为研究对象,测定其污水含量,选择水葫芦、水葱、水竹、芦苇作为水体污染控制修复的景观植物,计算杂质降解率,从重金属含量、总磷和总氮含量方面分析污水控制修复情况。结果:四种景观植物中在水体污染控制修复中,水竹降解率为63%~89%,水葱降解率为22.14%~79.96%,水葫芦降解率为33.13%~58.99%,芦苇降解率为12.21%~27.77%。结论:四种景观植物对污水的控制修复效果为:水竹>水葱>水葫芦>芦苇,水竹能有效控制修复水体污染。

遂昌县竹子害虫种类调查及主要害虫发生动态

【目的】随着经营模式的改变,病虫害成为阻碍遂昌县竹产业健康发展的难题,明确竹子害虫的种类,调查其发生的动态规律,为遂昌县竹子害虫的科学防控提供重要参考。【方法】2017—2021年,通过人工踏查、固定样地调查及灯光诱捕等方法对遂昌县主要竹子种植区的竹子害虫进行调查。【结果】共发现遂昌县竹子害虫111种,其中主要害虫有竹林金针虫(Melanotus cribricollis)、竹卵圆蝽(Hippotiscus dorsalis)及竹织叶野螟(Algedonia coclesalis)等9种,监测数据表明该9种主要害虫种群密度均呈上升趋势。【结论】遂昌地区竹子害虫种类丰富,其中食叶、竹笋及竹枝竿害虫发生趋势日趋严重,需要重点关注。

窗里窗外——室内外植物景观对身心健康的影响效应研究综述

建筑室内空间是城市居民主要的生产生活空间,对健康具有重要的影响。其中,室内植物和窗景是促进健康的关键要素,但鲜有从室内视角揭示室内植物和窗外植物景观对人整体健康效益的影响。基于Web of Science(WoS)和中国知网(CNKI)两个数据库,遴选2000-2023年针对室内植物和窗外植物对健康影响研究的中英文文献,应用文献计量方法分析知识网络关系,论述室内外植物景观对健康的影响效应。主要从心理健康、行为认知和生理健康三个方面分析室内外植物促进人体健康可能存在的影响机制以及室内外植物对健康的影响差异。指出今后研究应拓宽研究群体结构和室内空间多样性研究、重视室内与室外绿色空间的连续性、拓展室内外植物类别与特征研究、积极探索多环境因素和多感官交互对健康的影响研究、构建多模态数据融合模型分析室内外植物对身心健康的影响。以期为国内城市健康人居环境设计提供指导。