Rotation of a single vortex in dusty plasma

A single vortex is obtained in radio-frequency capacitive discharge in argon gas. The dust subsystem is confined in the horizontal plane with an asymmetrical saw structure placed on the lower electrode. The vortex rotates as a whole along the long side of the saw-teeth. Asymmetry of the saw structure plays an important role in the rotation of the vortex. Nonzero curl of the total force resulting from the local ion flow and the electric field in the plasma sheath could be attributed to the persistent rotation of vortex.

The Excitation of the Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Wave in Dusty Plasma with Vortex Flows

The Excitation of Alfven wave in dusty plasma with vortex flows is investigated. The coupled equations for density and electromagnetic potential of dusty plasma with vortex-flow were obtained. The stability and amplitude behavior were studied both analytically and numerically. Using a non-modal method, it was found that the presence of dust can suppress the growth of the instability which can also be affected by the vortex eccentricity.

Observation of Vortex Patterns in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma System

Vortex patterns of dust particles have been observed in a magnetized dusty plasma system. The formation mechanism of two-dimensional （2D） vortex patterns has been investigated by analysing the forces acting on dust particles and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations in a 2D confined magnetized dusty plasma. It has been found that with a weak confining electric field and a strong magnetic field, the particles＇ trajectories will form a vortex shape. The simulation results agree with our experimental observations. In our experiments, vortex patterns can be induced via circular rotation of particles by changing the rf （radio-frequency） power in a magnetized dusty plasma.

Calculation of the Centrally Symmetric and Vortex Forces Acting on Momentum in Distortion Tensor Field: Explanation of High-Temperature Plasma and Vortex Motions

The paper deals with calculation of the centrally symmetric and vortex forces for the momentum of a particle in the distortion tensor field from the action minimum, by analogy with the calculation of forces for a charge in an electromagnetic field. It is demonstrated that: 1) The compensating interaction tensor corresponds to the distortion tensor in a solid. 2) The centrally symmetric force of the distortion tensor acts on the momentum as a charge, and is analogous to the Coulomb force. In a gas, it results in change in the momentum value of the molecules exponentially to some extent. The action of this force explains the high-temperature plasma in the gas. 3) The vortex force of the distortion tensor is equivalent to the Peach-Koehler force in a solid. It acts on the momentum flow, similar to the Lorentz magnetic force, and explains the vortex motions in space, in the form of “black holes”, and in the atmosphere, in the form of cyclones and anticyclones.

Vortex dynamics over an airfoil controlled by a nanosecond pulse discharge plasma actuator at low wind speed

The vortex dynamics of flow over an airfoil controlled by a nanosecond pulse dielectric-barrierdischarge(NS-DBD) actuator is studied at a Reynolds number of 1?×?10~5 through wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulation. The numerical method is validated through comparison of the simulated and measured results regarding the effect of the discharge of an NS-DBD actuator placed on a flat plate. The simulated results show that vorticity is mainly induced by the baroclinic torque after plasma discharge, i.e. the term(■) in the equation of vorticity evolution. Both experimental and simulated results demonstrate that after the discharge of the NS-DBD actuator a series of vortices are developed in the shear layer and pull the high-moment fluid down to the wall, enhancing the mixing of internal and external flows.

Dynamic evolution of vortex structures induced bytri-electrode plasma actuator

Plasma flow control is a new type of active flow control approach based on plasma pneumatic actuation.Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) actuators have become a focus of international aerodynamic research.However,the practical applications of typical DBDs are largely restricted due to their limited discharge area and low relative-induced velocity.The further improvement of performance will be beneficial for engineering applications.In this paper,high-speed schlieren and high-speed particle image velocimetry(PIV) are employed to study the flow field induced by three kinds of plasma actuations in a static atmosphere,and the differences in induced flow field structure among typical DBD,extended DBD(EX-DBD),and tri-electrode sliding discharge(TED) are compared.The analyzing of the dynamic evolution of the maximum horizontal velocity over time,the velocity profile at a fixed horizontal position,and the momentum and body force in a control volume reveals that the induced velocity peak value and profile velocity height of EX-DBD are higher than those of the other two types of actuation,suggesting that EX-DBD actuation has the strongest temporal aerodynamic effect among the three types of actuations.The TED actuation not only can enlarge the plasma extension but also has the longest duration in the entire pulsed period and the greatest influence on the height and width of the airflow near the wall surface.Thus,the TED actuation has the ability to continuously influencing a larger three-dimensional space above the surface of the nlasma actuator.

载流等离子体中的静磁Vortex

研究载流等离子体中的静磁对流胞模,导出了描述非线性静磁对流胞横的方程。并且利用方法求得该方程的偶极Vortex 解。

High-order optical vortex harmonics generated by relativistic femtosecond laser pulse

Harmonics generated by an intense femtosecond Gaussian laser pulse normally incident on a spiral-shaped thin foil target were studied. By using two-dimensional （2D） particle-in-cell （PIC） simulation, we observed evident odd harmonics signals in the reflection direction and found that the reflected field has a helical structure determined by the target shape. This method provides a new way to generate an intense ultraviolet vortex with high-order topological charge by use of ultrahigh intense laser-driven harmonics.

弱相对论涡旋光在等离子体中传播的波前畸变及补偿

涡旋光与等离子体相互作用近年来在激光等离子体领域引起了广泛的关注.深入研究涡旋光在等离子体中的传播对粒子加速和辐射源产生等工作具有重要意义.本文着重探讨了弱相对论涡旋光在等离子中传播时,传播过程对电磁波结构的影响.基于三维粒子模拟,发现弱相对论涡旋光在等离子体中传播时会产生波前畸变.在给定等离子体密度时,畸变程度与电磁波强度及传播距离密切相关.基于相位修正模型,通过考虑电子相对论质量修正,在理论上对该现象进行了解释.此外,研究还发现可以通过设置适当的初始密度调制对波前畸变进行补偿抑制,并通过三维粒子模拟进行了验证.本工作加强了对涡旋光在等离子体中传播过程的理解,并为设计应用于相对论涡旋光的等离子体器件提供了参考.

Dust-Acoustic Solitary Waves in an Unmagnetized Dusty Plasma with Arbitrarily Charged Dust Fluid and Trapped Ion Distribution

The nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) solitary waves in three-component unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of Maxwellian electrons, vortex-like (trapped) ions, and arbitrarily charged cold mobile dust grain has been investigated. It has been found that, owing to the departure from the Maxwellian ions distribution to a vortex-like one, the dynamics of small but finite amplitude DA waves is governed by a nonlinear equation of modified Korteweg-de Vries (mK-dV) type instead of K-dV. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to study the basic features (phase speed, amplitude, width, etc.) of DA solitary waves which are significantly modified by the presence of trapped ions. The implications of our results in space and laboratory plasmas are briefly discussed.

金星磁尾大尺度等离子体涡流

已有研究发现金星磁尾的太阳风氢离子(H^(+))和金星电离层氧离子(O^(+))存在大尺度涡流结构,该涡流从磁尾望向星球是逆时针的.为了确定该涡流的存在性,利用金星快车等离子体和高能原子分析仪(Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms on Venus, ASPERA-4)的Fedorov矫正数据,分别在金星公转轨道坐标系(VSO)和太阳风电场坐标系(VSE)下对磁尾等离子体流进行了统计分析.结果显示,在VSO和VSE坐标系中都存在太阳风H^(+)和金星O^(+)的顺时针涡流结构.但是从已有的研究结果看,无论等离子体涡流是逆时针还是顺时针,其产生的磁场都与已知磁尾磁场结构不相符;考虑到金星和火星空间环境的相似性及火星磁尾太阳风H^(+)并不存在完整等离子体涡流的情况,认为金星磁尾可能并不存在大尺度等离子体涡流.金星的等离子体特征需要未来更多卫星观测研究.

等离子体涡电磁散射特性及隐身性能

针对非均匀等离子体在飞行器隐身中的应用,采用分段线性电流密度递归卷积时域有限差分(PLJERC-FDTD)方法计算等离子体涡及涡串电磁散射特性,分析等离子体涡对飞行器隐身性能影响。计算表明,等离子体涡在很大频率区间对电磁波吸收效果显著,RCS降低很大,具有明显的隐身效果。等离子体涡表现出一定规律性的极化特性,对L,S和C波段电磁波具有不同的吸收、反射特性。

对称式布局介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器诱导启动涡

为了进一步提高等离子体激励器控制能力,采用粒子图像测速仪技术,以介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器为研究对象,开展了有、无来流条件下等离子体诱导启动涡的实验研究,获得了来流对启动涡发展演化及生存时间的影响.与传统非对称布局介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器相比,本文采用整个平板金属模型作为植入电极的对称布局方式开展研究.在金属模型表面粘贴聚酰亚胺胶带作为绝缘介质.将铜箔作为暴露电极沿平板展向布置,使激励器诱导气流沿流向方向.研究结果表明:对称布局式激励器会在暴露电极两侧产生一对方向相反的启动涡.在顺流向方向,来流加速了启动涡的破碎;在逆来流方向,来流延长了启动涡的生存时间,从而增加了激励器的掺混能力.该布局激励器具有掺混及射流效应两种能力,为提高等离子体激励器在高风速或高雷诺数下的控制效果积累了技术基础.

利用GS流场重构方法研究磁尾等离子体片涡流

2000年9月30日Geotail卫星分别于1 7:54:36～18:09:00UT和18:59:00～19:30:00UT在磁尾晨侧等离子体片内(n≈0.4 cm^(-3) ,T≈6 keV)观测到等离子体涡流事件.本文采用Grad-Shafranov(GS)流场重构技术再现了这些涡流的二维速度场、离子数密度和离子温度的分布图像.结果显示:从地心太阳磁层坐标系(GSM)赤道面上面看,涡流的尺度约为5000 km×1400 km,朝地球的运动速度约为15～25 km/s.所有5个涡流的旋转方向都为顺时针方向,旋转周期约为6～11 min.相邻涡流的相互作用导致它们之间的磁场强度增强.考察观测数据发现,涡流内不仅包含等离子体片热等离子体成分,也包含较大通量的类似源自磁鞘的冷等离子体成分(T<1 keV).这与观测到涡流等离子体的平均温度(T≈4 keV)较磁尾等离子体片等离子体的典型温度(T≈6 keV)明显偏低的事实是一致的.不仅如此,离子数密度和温度在结构内的分布也不均匀,数密度在涡流内部偏离中心的位置比较低而在每个涡流的边缘位置比较高,温度的分布大体上与密度相反.分析认为观测到的磁尾等离子体涡流事件可能由发生在低纬边界层的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性引起,涡流结构内的冷等离子体可能来自磁层顶外部的磁鞘.

气体隧道型等离子焰流基本特性的研究

本文研究了气体隧道型等离子焰流的基本特性.为了查明沿气体隧道中心轴的压力特性.测量了在没有等离子焰流的条件下气炬涡流发生器中的压力分布.在喷嘴直径为4～8mm的情况下,沿中心轴上气体隧道的压力是很低的(230×133Pa).在这种低压气体隧道中产生的等离子焰流比一般方法产生的焰流更长,并具有良好的特性。它们是上升的伏—安特性;很高的电位梯度,当喷嘴直径为4 mm,电流为400A时.电位梯度为41V/cm;高的热效率;高的能量密度.由于在这种装置中供给喷涂粉末的方法与普通的装置不同,因此能显著地改善喷涂屋的质量。

基于纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励的翼型失速涡控制研究

为了揭示纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励与附面层耦合作用机制,首先开展了NACA0015翼型的大迎角粘性绕流数值模拟,比较了3种典型湍流模型(S-A模型、standard k-w模型和SST k-w模型)对计算结果的影响,分析得到了翼型的近场旋涡分离流动流场结构特性,并对升力特性进行了频谱分析,得到了翼型非定常流动特征频率。进一步开展了基于脉冲等离子体气动激励的翼型大迎角绕流的频率耦合的风洞实验,实验结果表明:当固定激励电压,纳秒脉冲的激励频率大于或等于流场旋涡脱落频率时,控制效果最好,可在来流速度为100 m/s、攻角为22°时,可将翼型的升力系数增大18.1%,阻力系数减小22.5%。研究结论有助于揭示纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励进行涡控制的作用机理,从而提高纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励涡控制的能力。

逆向涡流等离子体降解飞灰中二恶英的研究

利用氮气逆向涡流非平衡等离子体反应器,进行医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰中二恶英的降解.考察氮气逆向涡流非平衡等离子体放电特性,从而获得反应器稳定的工作条件.在实验过程中分别测量处理后飞灰中和尾气中的二恶英质量分数,分析利用氮气逆向涡流非平衡等离子体反应器降解飞灰中二恶英的效果,初步探索二恶英的降解机理.结果表明,切向进气体积流量是影响放电电弧特性的关键因素,增大切向进气体积流量,可以提高电弧放电的稳定性;逆向涡流等离子体对飞灰中二恶英有明确的降解作用,单位质量飞灰中PCDD/Fs总质量的平均降解率为49.6%,总毒性当量I-TEQ平均降解率为62.3%,飞灰中PCDFs比PCDDs更容易降解.

锯齿电极等离子体激励器对气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

为获得锯齿电极等离子体激励器提高气膜冷却效率的机理,对有/无锯齿电极等离子体激励器作用下的平板气膜冷却流场进行了数值研究,并采用唯象模型模拟锯齿电极等离子体激励器对流场所施加的电场力。结果表明,冷却射流在锯齿电极等离子体激励器的下拉诱导作用下对主流的穿透率降低,射流中心轨迹高度的下降幅度沿流向发展逐渐增大;锯齿电极等离子体激励器气动激励作用下气膜孔下游的肾形涡的强度与尺度均减小,同时肾形涡的两侧产生与其旋转方向相反的小尺度的反肾形涡,进一步抑制了肾形涡的发展;锯齿电极等离子体激励器产生的展向扩散效应提高了冷却射流的展向扩张能力,从而提高了气膜冷却效率,与无等离子体气动激励相比,锯齿电极等离子体激励器作用下平板中心线与展向平均气膜冷却效率分别提高了50%与200%。

柱位形等离子体中气球模的相干结构

本文研究等离子体柱中非线性气球模。导出了描述柱位形下等离子体中气球模的非线性方程组,并求出该方程组的局域涡旋解。这类新解由柱对称和反对称两部分组成,称为气球柱涡旋。当涡旋中心离柱轴距离远小于涡旋半径时,它退化为单涡旋;而在相反的情况下,它又退化为通常的偶极涡旋。涡旋角速度允许区强烈地依赖于磁场力线的曲率。

不同等离子体激励强度下气膜冷却特性的大涡模拟研究

为进一步改善燃气轮机叶片气膜冷却效果,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法对不同等离子体激励强度情况下的平板气膜冷却流场进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:与无等离子体激励时相比,等离子体激励强度逐渐增至10时射流出口最大流向与法向速度分别增大了16%和7%左右,并移向气膜孔的尾缘,而气膜孔前缘附近的法向速度约减小了4%,从而减少了射流迎风面上冷、热气流的掺混;等离子体对气膜孔下游回流区的动量注入效应使得回流区内的流向速度增大,抑制了横流绕流分离旋涡的发展;等离子体气动激励削弱了肾形涡对的强度及其抬升冷却射流的能力,从而提高了气膜冷却效率,中心线气膜冷却效率随激励强度的增大而升高,当激励强度为10时中心线气膜冷却效率最大提高了55%。