High-altitude hypoxia can induce physiological dysfunction and mountain sickness,but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.Corticotrophin-releasing factor(CRF) and CRF type-1 receptors(CRFR1) are members of...High-altitude hypoxia can induce physiological dysfunction and mountain sickness,but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.Corticotrophin-releasing factor(CRF) and CRF type-1 receptors(CRFR1) are members of the CRF family and the essential controllers of the physiological activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis and modulators of endocrine and behavioral activity in response to various stressors.We have previously found that high-altitude hypoxia induces disorders of the brain-endocrine-immune network through activation of CRF and CRFR1 in the brain and periphery that include activation of the HPA axis in a time-and dose-dependent manner,impaired or improved learning and memory,and anxiety-like behavioral change.Meanwhile,hypoxia induces dysfunctions of the hypothalamo-pituitary-endocrine and immune systems,including suppression of growth and development,as well as inhibition of reproductive,metabolic and immune functions.In contrast,the small mammals that live on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow display low responsiveness to extreme high-altitudehypoxia challenge,suggesting well-acclimatized genes and a physiological strategy that developed during evolution through interactions between the genes and environment.All the findings provide evidence for understanding the neuroendocrine mechanisms of hypoxia-induced physiological dysfunction.This review extends these findings.展开更多
目的:二甲双胍为治疗糖尿病的基础用药,高原低氧环境为影响二甲双胍药动学的重要因素,但尚未有高原低氧环境下2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者二甲双胍药动学参数的报道。本研究探讨高原低氧环境对T2DM患者服用二甲双胍...目的:二甲双胍为治疗糖尿病的基础用药,高原低氧环境为影响二甲双胍药动学的重要因素,但尚未有高原低氧环境下2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者二甲双胍药动学参数的报道。本研究探讨高原低氧环境对T2DM患者服用二甲双胍药动学的影响,并对二甲双胍药效及用药安全性进行评估。方法:依据纳入排除标准,共纳入服用二甲双胍片的T2DM患者85例,其中高原组(海拔3800 m)32例,对照组(海拔1500 m)53例,共采集172份血样。建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry,UFLCMS/MS)方法测定二甲双胍血药浓度,采用Phoenix NLME软件建立中国T2DM人群二甲双胍的群体药动学模型;并比较2组人群的药效及严重不良反应。结果:群体药动学建模结果表明,高原低氧和年龄是模型建立的主要协变量,高原组和对照组药动学参数分布容积(distribution volume,V)、清除率(clearance,CL)、消除速率常数(elimination rate constant,Ke)、半衰期(half-life,T_(1/2))、药时曲线下面积(areaunderthecurve,AUC)、达峰时间(timetoreach maximum concentration,T_(max))比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比较,高原组AUC增加23.5%,T_(max)、T_(1/2)分别延长35.8%和11.7%,CL降低31.9%。药效学结果显示,高原组T2DM患者降糖效果与对照组相近,而高原组乳酸含量高于对照组,高原组服用二甲双胍后乳酸含量增高。结论:高原低氧环境下,T2DM患者体内二甲双胍代谢减慢;降糖效果与平原地区相近,且血糖控制率低;高原T2DM患者发生乳酸性酸中毒的可能性高于平原地区。高原T2DM患者可能需通过延长药物服用间隔时间,加强用药教育,提高患者依从性以达到降糖效果。展开更多
目的:基于转录组测序技术研究小鼠肾脏组织在适应高原低氧胁迫过程中的基因表达和相应的分子机制。方法:在海拔4200 m(高原肾脏实验组,high⁃altitude kidney test group,HKT)和海拔400 m(平原肾脏对照组,plain kidney control group,PKC...目的:基于转录组测序技术研究小鼠肾脏组织在适应高原低氧胁迫过程中的基因表达和相应的分子机制。方法:在海拔4200 m(高原肾脏实验组,high⁃altitude kidney test group,HKT)和海拔400 m(平原肾脏对照组,plain kidney control group,PKC)的环境下分别饲养C57BL/6小鼠,30 d后无菌取出小鼠肾脏组织用高通量测序技术(RNA⁃sequencing,RNA⁃Seq)进行转录组测序。将HKT组和PKC组的测序结果进行基因本体数据库(gene ontology,GO)注释分析和京都基因和基因组百科全书数据库(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(real⁃time quantitative PCR,RT⁃qPCR)实验验证测序结果的可靠性。结果:相比于PKC组,HKT组中1349个基因表达上调(P<0.05),1658个基因表达下调(P<0.05)。其中催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)、载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,APOE)、载脂蛋白A4(apolipoprotein A4,APOA4)、细胞色素C(cytochrome C somatic,CYCS)、酰基辅酶A氧化酶2(acyl⁃coenzyme A oxidase 1,ACOX2)、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基5A(cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5A,COX5A)、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基5B(cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5B,COX5B)、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基7A(cytochrome C oxidase subunit 7A,COX7A)和热休克蛋白β⁃1(heat shock proteinβ⁃1,HSPB1)等基因显著富集。GO注释分析和KEGG富集分析结果显示,差异基因显著富集在细胞器内膜、线粒体内膜和线粒体蛋白复合物等部位,此外过氧化物酶体、氧化磷酸化、产热、碳代谢以及三羧酸循环等通路显著富集。结论:高原低氧刺激可能通过影响机体的能量代谢相关通路致使机体氧化应激、炎症反应和脂质代谢失衡。展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Basic Research Program(973)of China(2012CB518200 and 2006CB504100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071047,30870300,30871221 and 31171145)
文摘High-altitude hypoxia can induce physiological dysfunction and mountain sickness,but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.Corticotrophin-releasing factor(CRF) and CRF type-1 receptors(CRFR1) are members of the CRF family and the essential controllers of the physiological activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis and modulators of endocrine and behavioral activity in response to various stressors.We have previously found that high-altitude hypoxia induces disorders of the brain-endocrine-immune network through activation of CRF and CRFR1 in the brain and periphery that include activation of the HPA axis in a time-and dose-dependent manner,impaired or improved learning and memory,and anxiety-like behavioral change.Meanwhile,hypoxia induces dysfunctions of the hypothalamo-pituitary-endocrine and immune systems,including suppression of growth and development,as well as inhibition of reproductive,metabolic and immune functions.In contrast,the small mammals that live on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow display low responsiveness to extreme high-altitudehypoxia challenge,suggesting well-acclimatized genes and a physiological strategy that developed during evolution through interactions between the genes and environment.All the findings provide evidence for understanding the neuroendocrine mechanisms of hypoxia-induced physiological dysfunction.This review extends these findings.
文摘目的:基于转录组测序技术研究小鼠肾脏组织在适应高原低氧胁迫过程中的基因表达和相应的分子机制。方法:在海拔4200 m(高原肾脏实验组,high⁃altitude kidney test group,HKT)和海拔400 m(平原肾脏对照组,plain kidney control group,PKC)的环境下分别饲养C57BL/6小鼠,30 d后无菌取出小鼠肾脏组织用高通量测序技术(RNA⁃sequencing,RNA⁃Seq)进行转录组测序。将HKT组和PKC组的测序结果进行基因本体数据库(gene ontology,GO)注释分析和京都基因和基因组百科全书数据库(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(real⁃time quantitative PCR,RT⁃qPCR)实验验证测序结果的可靠性。结果:相比于PKC组,HKT组中1349个基因表达上调(P<0.05),1658个基因表达下调(P<0.05)。其中催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)、载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,APOE)、载脂蛋白A4(apolipoprotein A4,APOA4)、细胞色素C(cytochrome C somatic,CYCS)、酰基辅酶A氧化酶2(acyl⁃coenzyme A oxidase 1,ACOX2)、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基5A(cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5A,COX5A)、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基5B(cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5B,COX5B)、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基7A(cytochrome C oxidase subunit 7A,COX7A)和热休克蛋白β⁃1(heat shock proteinβ⁃1,HSPB1)等基因显著富集。GO注释分析和KEGG富集分析结果显示,差异基因显著富集在细胞器内膜、线粒体内膜和线粒体蛋白复合物等部位,此外过氧化物酶体、氧化磷酸化、产热、碳代谢以及三羧酸循环等通路显著富集。结论:高原低氧刺激可能通过影响机体的能量代谢相关通路致使机体氧化应激、炎症反应和脂质代谢失衡。
