Expression and functional characterization of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like gene

AIM:To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like gene(PDGFRL)in the anti-cancer therapy for colorectal cancers(CRC).METHODS:PDGFRL mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunohistochemistry in CRC and colorectal normal tissues.PDGFRL prokaryotic expression vector was carried out in Escherichia coli(E.coli),and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography.The effect of PDGFRL protein on CRC HCT-116 cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT),clone counting,cell cycle,and wound healing assay.RESULTS:Both RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PDGFRL in colorectal normal tissues was higher than in cancer tissues.Recombinant pET22b-PDGFRL prokaryotic expression vector was successfully expressed in E.coli,and the target protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies.After purification and refolding,recombinant human PDGFRL(rhPDGFRL)could efficiently inhibit the proliferation and invasion of CRC HCT-116 cells detected by MTT,clone counting and wound healing assay.Moreover,rhPDGFRL arrested HCT-116 cell cycling at the G0/G1 phase.CONCLUSION:PDGFRL is a potential gene for application in the anti-cancer therapy for CRC.

Exogenous platelet-derived growth factor improves neurovascular unit recovery after spinal cord injury

The blood-spinal cord barrier plays a vital role in recovery after spinal cord injury.The neurovascular unit concept emphasizes the relationship between nerves and vessels in the brain,while the effect of the blood-spinal cord barrier on the neurovascular unit is rarely reported in spinal cord injury studies.Mouse models of spinal cord injury were established by heavy object impact and then immediately injected with plateletderived growth factor(80μg/kg)at the injury site.Our results showed that after platelet-derived growth factor administration,spinal cord injury,neuronal apoptosis,and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability were reduced,excessive astrocyte proliferation and the autophagyrelated apoptosis signaling pathway were inhibited,collagen synthesis was increased,and mouse locomotor function was improved.In vitro,human umbilical vein endothelial cells were established by exposure to 200μM H2O2.At 2 hours prior to injury,in vitro cell models were treated with 5 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor.Our results showed that expression of blood-spinal cord barrier-related proteins,including Occludin,Claudin 5,andβ-catenin,was significantly decreased and autophagy was significantly reduced.Additionally,the protective effects of platelet-derived growth factor could be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg chloroquine,an autophagy inhibitor,for 3 successive days prior to spinal cord injury.Our findings suggest that platelet-derived growth factor can promote endothelial cell repair by regulating autophagy,improve the function of the blood-spinal cord barrier,and promote the recovery of locomotor function post-spinal cord injury.Approval for animal experiments was obtained from the Animal Ethics Committee,Wenzhou Medical University,China(approval No.wydw2018-0043)in July 2018.

Effect of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B on cat corneal endothelial cell viability mediated by adeno-associated virus

AIM: To transduce recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) gene adeno-associated virus(AAV) to in vitro cultured cat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) and observe the effect of the expressed PDGF-BB protein on the viability of cat CEC. METHODS: Cat cornea endothelium was torn under microscope and rapidly cultivated in DMEM to form single layer CEC and the passage 2 endothelial cells were used in this study. The recombinant human PDGF-B gene AAV was constructed and transduced into cat CEC directly. Three groups were as following: blank control group, AAV control group and recombinant AAV group. At 24 hours, 48 hours, and 5 days after transduction, total RNA was extracted from the CEC by Trizol and the expression of PDGF-B gene was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viability of the transduced CEC was detected at 48 hours after transduction by MTT assay. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. RESULTS: With the torn endothelium culture technique, we rapidly got single layer cat CEC. At 24 hours, 48 hours and 5 days after transduction, fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed there was no significant difference of the expressed PDGF-B gene mRNA between blank control group and AAV control group (P>0.05). In contrast, there were significant differences between two control groups and recombinant AAV group (P<0.05). MTT assay showed that in recombinant AAV group, the expressed PDGF-BB protein could promote the viability of cat CEC. Morphology observation showed at 48 hours after transduction, cells in CEC-AAV-PDGF-B group proliferated into bigger scales in regular triangle to hexagon shape with distinct boundary, while the number of cells was significantly less in the two control groups. CONCLUSION: The recombinant AAV-PDGF-B expresses biological active PDGF-BB protein in cat CEC, which promotes the viability and proliferation of cells.

Deficiency of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive cells in Hirschsprung's disease colon

AIM: To investigate whether the expression of plateletderived growth factor receptor-α-positive(PDGFRα^+)-cells is altered in Hirschsprung's disease(HD).METHODS: HD tissue specimens(n = 10) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery, while colonic control samples were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus(n = 10). Immunolabelling of PDGFRα^+-cells was visualized using confocal microscopy to assess the distribution of these cells, while Western blot analysis was undertaken to quantify PDGFRα protein expression.RESULTS: Confocal microscopy revealed PDGFRα+-cells within the mucosa, myenteric plexus and smooth muscle in normal controls, with a marked reduction in PDGFRα^+-cells in the HD specimens. Western blotting revealed high levels of PDGFRα protein expression in normal controls, while there was a striking decrease in PDGFRα protein expression in the HD colon.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the altered distribution of PDGFRα^+-cells in both the aganglionic and ganglionic HD bowel may contribute to the motility dysfunction in HD.

Vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor pathway is involved in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and directional migration toward gliomas

BACKGROUND： Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） induces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell （BMSC） differentiation into vascular endothelial-like cells and promotes BMSC migration toward gliomas. However, the molecular mechanisms by which VEGF induces BMSC differentiation and migration remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE; To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF） receptor （PDGFR） in BMSC differentiation and migration induced by VEGE DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel, controlled, in vitro experiment was performed at the Molecular Neurobiology ＆ Neural Regeneration and Repairing Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China from June 2008 to March 2009. MATERIALS： U87 glioma cells were purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; mouse anti-human PDGFR and VEGF receptor （VEGFR） monoclonal antibodies were purchased from Peprotech, USA. METHODS： Isolated BMSCs were precultured with neutralizing antibody for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β to block biological activity of related receptors, followed by induced differentiation with 50μg/L VEGF. BMSCs induced with 50μg/L VEGF alone served as the VEGF-induced group. The control group remained untreated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell surface markers were identified by flow cytometry; BMSC surface cytokine receptor expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; the Transwell model was used to observe cell migration. RESULTS： After blocking the PDGFR, VEGF did not induce BMSC cell surface marker CD-31 or von Willebrand factor （vWF） expression. However, inhibition with VEGF receptor blocking agents, VEGF induced BMSCs to express CD-31 and vWE Following inhibition of the PDGFR, the number of cells migrating through the polycarbonate membrane Transwell chamber was decreased, as well as the number of BMSCs migrating to glioma cells. However, through the use of VEGF receptor blocking agents, the number of migrating cells remained unchanged. VEGF preculture increased the number of BMSCs migrating to gliomas. CONCLUSION： VEGF interacts with PDGFRs on the BMSC surface to attract BMSC directional migration and induce BMSC differentiation. The VEGF/PDGFR pathway participates in BMSC directional migration to glioma. VEGF pretreatment increased efficiency of BMSC migration to glioma.

KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) associated with neurofibromatosis are uncommon compared to their gastrointestinal counterparts. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1) have an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal tumors, including rare types such as GIST.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male Chinese patient was diagnosed with NF-1 10 years ago and presented with upper abdominal discomfort and black stools. Endoscopic ultrasonography and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a mass located 4 cm from the muscular layer of the descending duodenum. A 59-year-old Chinese woman who was diagnosed with NF-1 25 years ago presented with sudden unconsciousness and black stools. Multiple masses in the duodenum were noted by echogastroscopy and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan. Both patients presented with cutaneous neurofibromas. The histologic examination of tumors from both patients revealed spindle cells and low mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed strong positivity for KIT(CD117), DOG-1, CD34, and Dehydrogenase Complex Subunit B, and negativity for SMA, desmin, S-100, and β-catenin. None of the six tumors from two patients had KIT exon 9, 11, 13, or 17 or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α exon 12 or 18 mutation, which is a typical finding for sporadic GISTs. None of the six tumors from the two patients had a BRAFV600 E mutation. The patients were alive and well during the follow-up period(range:0.6-5 yr).CONCLUSION There have been only a few previous reports of GISTs associated with NF-1.Although GISTs associated with NF-1 have morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities with GISTs, the pathogenesis, incidence,genetic background, and prognosis are not completely known. A medical history of NF-1 in a patient who has gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia and an intraabdominal mass with nonspecific computed tomography features may help in diagnosing GIST by virtue of the well-known association of these two entities.Molecular genetic studies of cases indicated that GISTs in NF-1 patients have a different pathogenesis than sporadic GISTs.

Effect of Retinoic acid on Platelet-derived Growth Factorand Lung Development in Newborn Rats

Summary: The influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on lung development in newborn rats and the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on PDGF in lung development were investigated. Newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control group and RA group. The rats in RA group was intraperitoneally injected with all trans-retinoic acid (500 μg/kg every day) for consecutive 3 days after birth, while those in the control group were not subjected to intervention. Immunohistochemical assay was performed to locate the expression of PDGF. mRNA levels of PDGF were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at age of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 days. The method of radial alveolar counts (RAC) was used to measure the amount of the alveoli of the lungs. It was found that with increasing days, levels of PDGF-A and PDGF-B changed to verying degrees. RA could elevate significantly the expression levels of PDGF-A mRNA and protein (P<0.01), but not affect the expression levels of PDGF-B mRNA and protein markedly (P>0.05). It is suggested that PDGF might play an important role in lung development. RA can stimulate lung development through increasing the expression levels of PDGF-A mRNA and protein.

Effects of interleukin-1α on platelet-derived growth factor release from bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

The present study showed that, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) stimulateal cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) releasing growth factor which promoted bovine cerebral microvascular smooth muscle cells (BCMSMC) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The mitogenic activity in conditioned medium of BCMEC stimulated by IL-1α was neutralized significantly by the antibody to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Imperatorin (Imp), iso-Imperatorin (iso Imp) and 6-(α,α-phenylacetylpiperazinyl)phenyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (PMDP) did not affect the releasing of PDGF from IL-1α stimulated BCMEC, but inhibited the promotion of PDGF on the proliferation of BCMSMC. We concluded that the promotion of IL-1α on the proliferation of BCMSMC should be mediated by some growth factors, such as PDGF.

Effects of IL-4 on cyclooxygenase-2 and platelet-derived growth factor in the lungs of COPD rats

Objective： To explore the role of interleukin 4（IL-4）, expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF） in the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, in the lungs of rats. Methods： Male Wistar rats were used to build up the model of COPD. Rats were randomly divided into the control group and model group, the IL-4 group and the dexamethasone group. The expressions of COX-2, PDGF-A and PDGF-B in the lung tissue were detected by western blotting and RT-PCR. Results： The expressions of COX-2, PDGF-A and PDGF-B in the model group were increased significantly. Those expressions in the IL-4 and dexamethasone group were notably decreased. Conclusion： IL-4 and dexamethasone could interfere in the establishment of COPD. The expressions of COX-2 and PDGF in the lung tissue of COPD were increased significantly and IL-4 and dexamethasone could decrease those expressions.

血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平对NSCLC患者靶向治疗效果的预测价值

目的分析血清趋化因子配体20(CCL-20)、血小板源性生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)、细胞角化素蛋白片段19(CYFRA21-1)对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者靶向治疗效果的预测价值。方法选取进行靶向治疗的79例中晚期NSCLC患者,均持续治疗2月,评价患者近期疗效。收集患者一般临床资料,并于治疗前后分别检测患者血清趋化因子CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平,比较不同疗效患者间相关资料差异,分析影响疗效的因素,并利用ROC分析血清趋化因子CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平预测近期疗效的价值。结果79例中晚期NSCLC患者均完成2个月的靶向治疗,治疗总有效率为45.57%(36/79)。有效组共36例,无效组(SD+PD)共43例,2组年龄、性别、病理类型相较无差异(P>0.05);有效组TNMⅢB期、高分化占比高于无效组(P<0.05);有效组治疗前后血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平均低于无效组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,治疗前血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平为影响疗效的独立因素(OR=9.574,10.903,11.156,P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,治疗前血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平均具有预测临床疗效的价值(AUC=0.775,0.896,0.669,P<0.05)。结论中晚期NSCLC患者血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平与靶向治疗效果有关,可作为靶向治疗近期疗效评估的辅助性指标。

Expression of NG2 and platelet-derived growth facto receptor alpha in the developing neonatal rat brain

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha （PDGFRct） is a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system. NG2 is also considered a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, whether there are differences in the distribution and morphol- ogy of oligodendrocyte precursor cells labeled by NG2 or PDGFRa in the developing neonatal rat brain remains unclear. In this study, by immunohistochemical staining, NG2 positive （NG2＋） cells were ubiquitous in the molecular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal pyramidal layer, and polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum, external capsule, piriform cortex, and medial septal nucleus. NG2~ cells were stellate or fusiform in shape with long processes that were progressively decreased and shortened over the course of brain development. The distribution and morphology of PDGFRct positive （PDGFRa＋） cells were coincident with NG2＋ cells. The co- localization of NG2 and PDGFRu in the cell bodies and processes of some cells was confirmed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Moreover, cells double-labeled for NG2 and PDGFRa were predominantly in the early postnatal stage of development. The numbers of NG2＋/PDGFRa＋ cells and PDGFRa＋ cells decreased, but the number of NG2＋ cells increased from postnatal days 3 to 14 in the developing brain. In addition, amoeboid microglial cells of the corpus callosum, newborn brain macrophages in the normal developing brain, did not express NG2 or PDGFRu, but NG2 expression was detected in amoeboid microglia after hypoxia. The present results suggest that NG2 and PDGFRct are specific markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells at different stages during early development. Additionally, the NG2 protein is involved in inflammatory and pathological processes of amoeboid microglial cells.

LPS、PCT与PDGF联合检测对COPD急性期合并下呼吸道感染的诊断价值

目的探讨血清内毒素(LPS)、降钙素原(PCT)与血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)联合检测对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期(AECOPD)合并下呼吸道感染的诊断价值。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月期间联勤保障部队第九〇四医院收治的147例AECOPD患者为观察对象。统计AECOPD患者合并下呼吸道感染情况,并依据是否合并下呼吸道感染分为发生组和未发生组。对比发生组和未发生组患者的临床资料。Logistic多因素回归分析影响AECOPD患者合并下呼吸道感染的危险因素。制作受试者工作特征曲(ROC),以曲线下面积(AUC)分析血清LPS、PCT及PDGF三者联合对AECOPD患者合并下呼吸道感染的诊断价值。结果AECOPD患者合并下呼吸道感染发生率为21.09%。发生组肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、干扰素-γ、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清LPS、PCT及PDGF水平均高于未发生组(P<0.05),IgG则低于未发生组(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析显示,白细胞介素-6(CI:2.898,95%CI:1.076~4.185)、LPS(CI:3.725,95%CI:2.729~10.354)、PCT(OR:3.089,95%CI:1.762~6.435)、PDGF(CI:3.330,95%CI:2.187~8.496)水平均是影响AECOPD患者合并下呼吸道感染发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清LPS、PCT及PDGF三者联合对AECOPD患者合并下呼吸道感染诊断的灵敏度分别为77.42%(95%CI:58.46~89.72)、67.74%(95%CI:48.53~82.68)、70.97%(95%CI:51.76~85.11)、67.74%(95%CI:48.53~82.68),特异度分别为77.59%(95%CI:68.72~84.59)、75.00%(95%CI:65.95~82.37)、75.86%(95%CI:66.87~83.11)、98.28%(95%CI:93.30~99.71),AUC分别为0.715(95%CI:0.635~0.787)、0.820(95%CI:0.748~0.878)、0.723(95%CI:0.643~0.793)、0.902(95%CI:0.842~0.945)。结论血清LPS、PCT及PDGF三者联合检测对AECOPD合并下呼吸道感染的诊断效能较高。

CHF患者CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr水平变化及对预后的评估价值

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者C-反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/Alb)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)联合血尿素氮与肌酐比值(BUN/Cr)水平变化,并分析各指标预测心血管死亡和全因死亡的效能。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年3月收治的109例CHF患者,根据1年内心血管死亡和全因死亡情况分为死亡组(26例)和存活组(83例)。比较2组社会人口学资料和临床特征[美国纽约心脏病学会心功能分级(NYHA)、左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、临床用药]、CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr水平,分析CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr水平的相关性,采用Cox回归分析CHF患者心血管死亡和全因死亡的相关影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析预测价值,采用卡普兰-迈耶曲线(K-M)生存曲线分析不同CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr水平患者的生存率。结果 死亡组NYHA心功能分级、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、NT-proBNP高于存活组,左心室射血分数低于存活组(P<0.05);死亡组CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr高于存活组(P<0.05);CHF患者CRP/Alb与PDGF、BUN/Cr呈正相关,PDGF与BUN/Cr呈正相关(P<0.05);在校正了NYHA心功能分级等混杂因素后,CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr仍是CHF患者心血管死亡和全因死亡的相关影响因素(P<0.05);CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr预测心血管死亡和全因死亡的ROC下面积(AUC)分别为0.712、0.801、0.738,三者联合时的AUC为0.911(P<0.05);CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr高水平患者生存率低于低水平患者(P<0.05)。结论 CRP/Alb、PDGF、BUN/Cr与CHF患者心血管死亡和全因死亡有关,联合检测可作为预测患者病情转归的一个方案,为临床评估预后、治疗等提供参考依据。

A partition-type tubular scaffold loaded with PDGF-releasing microspheres for spinal cord repair facilitates the directional migration and growth of cells

The best tissue-engineered spinal cord grafts not only match the structural characteristics of the spinal cord but also allow the seed cells to grow and function in situ.Platelet-derived growth factor（PDGF） has been shown to promote the migration of bone marrow stromal cells;however,cytokines need to be released at a steady rate to maintain a stable concentration in vivo.Therefore,new methods are needed to maintain an optimal concentration of cytokines over an extended period of time to effectively promote seed cell localization,proliferation and differentiation.In the present study,a partition-type tubular scaffold matching the anatomical features of the thoracic 8–10 spinal cord of the rat was fabricated using chitosan and then subsequently loaded with chitosan-encapsulated PDGF-BB microspheres（PDGF-MSs）.The PDGF-MS-containing scaffold was then examined in vitro for sustained-release capacity,biocompatibility,and its effect on neural progenitor cells differentiated in vitro from multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells（MUSE-NPCs）.We found that pre-freezing for 2 hours at-20°C significantly increased the yield of partition-type tubular scaffolds,and 30 μL of 25% glutaraldehyde ensured optimal crosslinking of PDGF-MSs.The resulting PDGF-MSs cumulatively released 52% of the PDGF-BB at 4 weeks in vitro without burst release.The PDGF-MS-containing tubular scaffold showed suitable biocompatibility towards MUSE-NPCs and could promote the directional migration and growth of these cells.These findings indicate that the combination of a partition-type tubular scaffold,PDGF-MSs and MUSENPCs may be a promising model for the fabrication of tissue-engineered spinal cord grafts.

Basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfection in repair of internal carotid artery aneurysm wall

Surgery or interventional therapy has some risks in the treatment of cerebral aneurysm. We established an internal carotid artery aneurysm model by dripping elastase in the crotch of the right internal and external carotid arteries of New Zealand rabbits. Following model induction, lentivirus carrying basic fibroblast growth factor was injected through the ear vein. We found that the longer the action time of the lentivirus, the smaller the aneurysm volume. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor expression in the aneurysm increased, but smooth muscle 22 alpha and hypertension-related gene 1 mRNA expression decreased. At 1,2, 3, and 4 weeks following model establishment, following 1 week of injection of lentivirus carrying basic fibroblast growth factor, the later the intervention time, the more severe the blood vessel damage, and the bigger the aneurysm volume, the lower the smooth muscle 22 aJpha and hypertension-related gene ~ mRNA expression. Simultaneously, platelet-derived growth factor expression decreased. These data suggest that recombinant lentivirus carrying basic fibroblast growth factor can repair damaged cells in the aneurysmal wall and inhibit aneurysm dynamic growth, and that the effect is dependent on therapeutic duration.

Electroacupuncture upregulated platelet derived growth factor expression in spared dorsal root ganglion of cats

A bilateral spared dorsal root ganglion model was established in healthy adult cats by bilateral resection of L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia. L6 dorsal root ganglia were spared. Zusanfi （ST36） and Xuanzhong （BL39） or Futu （ST32） and Sanyinjiao （SP6） were alternatively electro-stimulated on the right leg. Immunohistochemical staining of anti-serum platelet-derived growth factor demonstrated that the number of total neurons and medium-small sized platelet-derived growth factor positive neurons was significantly decreased on the 7~ day following injury. After 7 days of acupuncture, the total number of positive and large neurons staining for platelet-derived growth factor on the acupuncture side significantly increased compared to the non-acupuncture side. After acupuncture for 14 days, the total positive and medium-small sized neurons significantly increased compared with the non-acupuncture side. Results indicate that acupuncture promoted the synthesis of platelet-dedved growth factor in spared dorsal root ganglia.

Myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and rearrangement of plateletderived growth factor receptor beta gene in children: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Myeloid neoplasm(MN)with eosinophilia and rearrangement of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta(PDGFRB)shows a good therapeutic response to imatinib in adults.MN is rarely found in children,and the efficacy of imatinib on pediatric patients remain unclear.CASE SUMMARY We report 2 pediatric cases diagnosed with MN with eosinophilia and PDGFRB rearrangement who were treated with imatinib.Case 1 was a 1-year-old girl admitted to the hospital because of“abdominal distension with hyperleukocytosis for 3 mo”.She had leukocytosis,anemia,and eosinophilia(the absolute eosinophil count(AEC)was 8960/μL),and her fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)test revealed that PDGFRB rearrangement was detected in 70%of 500 interphase cells.Case 2 was a 2-year-old girl admitted to the hospital because of“recurrent fever and rashes for 1 mo”.Her blood cell count showed an AEC of 3540/μL.The FISH test revealed that PDGFRB rearrangement was detected in 71%of 500 interphase cells.Both patients were diagnosed as MN with eosinophilia and PDGFRB rearrangement.Imatinib was added into their treatment regimen.As expected,complete hematologic remission was achieved after 1 mo of treatment,and symptoms disappeared.CONCLUSION Although MN with eosinophilia and PDGFRB rearrangement usually occurs in adults,it can be found in children.The therapeutic benefits of imatinib in these 2 pediatric patients were consistent with its reported effects in adult patients.

Expression of PDGFR-α in Patients with Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Objective: To investigate the expression of Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-α) in patients who have valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods: In this research, eighty-four patients with rheumatic heart disease who were going to undertake cardiac surgery were included. The subjects were divided into two groups: the AF group and the sinus rhythm group, the quantities are 39 and 45 respectively. Before the surgery, baseline demographics, physical examination, routine laboratory testing, echocardiography, echocardiographic data and additional clinical data were available for all patients. The right atrial tissue of the subjects was separated during surgery, with an area of approximately 0.3 - 0.5 mm3. Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the distribution of PDGFR-α of atrial tissue. mRNA of PDGFR-α in atrial tissue were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction);Western-Blot technique was used to measure the protein of PDGFR-α in atrial tissue. Results: There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in sex ratio, age, blood pressure, blood biochemistry, and other aspects of medical history between the two groups. However, the right and left atrium diameters in the AF group were markedly larger than those in the SR group (P α from right atrial tissue were obviously higher in the AF group than that in the SR group (P Conclusion: The expression of PDGFR-α in the right atrial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation was found to be significantly higher.

PDGF和PDGFR与肿瘤的关系及其靶向治疗研究进展

血小板衍生生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor,PDGF)是从人的血小板中分离出来的促血管生成因子。血小板衍生生长因子受体(platelet-derived growth factor receptor,PDGFR)是酪氨酸蛋白激酶家族成员,能够促进细胞的趋化、分裂与增殖;在机体生长发育、创伤修复等生理过程中起着积极重要的作用。PDGF/PDGFR作为血管生成因子之一与肿瘤的发生发展有密切关系,肿瘤细胞释放的PDGF能诱导血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移,并抑制其凋亡。以PDGF/PDGFR为靶点的靶向治疗也已取得了较大进展。本文就PDGF/PDGFR在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用及靶向治疗方面的进展加以综述。

VEGF、EGFR、PDGF在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与恶性程度和预后的关系

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤恶性程度和患者预后的关系。方法选取我院神经外科2010年11月至2013年8月手术切除并经病理证实的脑胶质瘤标本68例及同期正常脑组织标本12例,采用SP免疫组化法检测所有标本中VEGF、EGFR、PDGF的表达,分析其与胶质瘤各临床特征的关系,采用Spearman等级相关分析方法分析VEGF、EGFR、PDGF三者间的关系。结果胶质瘤组织中VEGF、EGFR和PDGF的表达阳性率分别为63.24%(43/68)、51.47%(35/68)和52.94%(36/68),均明显高于正常脑组织的0(0/12)、8.33%(1/12)和33.33%(4/12),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在生存率方面,VEGF阳性患者低于VEGF阴性患者(23.26%vs 60.00%),EGFR阳性患者低于EGFR阴性患者(28.57%vs 51.52%),PDGF阳性患者低于PDGF阴性患者(27.78%vs 62.50%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman等级相关分析显示,VEGF、EGFR及PDGF的表达与胶质瘤WHO分级呈显著正相关(r VEGF=0.428,r EGFR=0.407,r PDGF=0.431,P<0.05)。结论 VEGF、EGFR、PDGF在人脑胶质瘤发生发展中起重要调节作用,可作为判断胶质瘤恶性程度和预后的重要生物学参考指标。