不同产地侧柏叶中无机元素的含量测定及评价

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定不同产地侧柏[Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco]叶中无机元素含量,并进行方法学验证,采用SPSS软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析,对其特征元素进行评价。结果表明,标准样品中26种元素的线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))≥0.9953,各元素的检出限在0.0020~4.2226 ng/mL,精密度、稳定性、重复性符合要求,各元素的平均加样回收率在84.1%~123.6%,相对标准偏差在0.7%~4.5%;28批侧柏叶样品中检测出24种无机元素,含量差异较大,其中,侧柏叶样品K、Ca、Mg的含量均超过1000 mg/kg,Cd、As、Hg、Cu含量均在《中华人民共和国药典:一部》规定的限度范围内,Pb含量为0.602~9.337 mg/kg,有6批侧柏叶样品超出限度;主成分分析显示Fe、Ti、Ca、Ni、Al、Mn、Zn、K为侧柏叶的主要特征性元素;聚类分析显示,地理位置相近的产地能较好地聚为一类,表明侧柏叶中无机元素含量存在明显的地域特征。建立的方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,可用于侧柏叶中无机元素含量的测定。

The Mechanism of Pollination in Platycladus orientalis and Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae)

The pollination mechanisms of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Thuja occidentalis L. seem to be of the same type, as based on the morphological study of the change in pollination drop, during the process of pollination. Entering the pollination drop, the pollen may alter the surface of the drop or reduce the secretion of the ovule with concomitant increase of evaporation. It has been further noticed that the dynamiechange of the drop withdrawal rate was closely associated with the different kinds of pollen received. It seemsthat the withdrawal of the pollination drop may be induced by pollen from plants consanguineous to P. orientalis, almost as effective as from pollen of P. orientalis itself and comparatively more effective than the foreignpollen received from distant plant species. The drop withdrawal could he mainly induced by the pollen that causes the reduction of ovule secretion.

Cone and Ovule Development in Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae)

Seed cone in Platycladus orientalis (L.) France consists of four or five pairs of decussate bracts. Usually, two pairs of the fertile bracts in the middle of the cone subtend six ovules, which initiate in an acropetal manner. Only one ovule presents on each of the upper fertile bract, while two ovules initiate from a common primordium in the axil of lower bracts. In Beijing, most female cones initiated in July. All parts of the cone formed before dormancy, which occurred during November to the next January. After pollination in March, bract morphology changed dramatically; intercalary growth of the bract base formed a conspicuous protuberance, in which inverted vascular system developed. Furthermore, ovules on different pairs of bracts initiated in an acropetal manner and two ovules in each lower fertile bract initiated from a common primordium, which was different from the basipetal initiation of ovules and independently formed single ovule as reported by Takaso in Calltris

Volatile Oil of Platycladus Orientalis(L.)Franco Leaves Exerts Strong Anti-inflammatory Effects via Inhibiting the IκB/NF-κB Pathway

This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oil of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco leaves(VOPF)and the underlying molecular mechanisms by using the non-infectious inflammation rat models and infectious inflammation mouse models.Ear swelling and intraperitoneal capillary permeability in mice,and carrageenan-induced toe swelling and cotton ball-induced granuloma in rats were used to reveal anti-inflammatory effects of VOPF.Moreover,the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse model of acute lung injury was used to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of VOPF.The results showed that VOPF could significantly inhibit auricular swelling,intraperitoneal capillary permeability in mice,and reduce granuloma swelling and paw swelling in rats.Furthermore,it significantly alleviated the pathological damage of the lung tissue.In addition,VOPF could reduce the contents of IL-1β and TNF-αand increase the content of IL-10 in the serum.It had little effect on the expression of p65 but reduced the phosphorylation level of p65 and IκB in NF-κB pathway.In conclusion,VOPF has anti-inflammatory effects and the mechanisms involve the down-regulation of the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκB and blockage of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in a Platycladus orientalis forest stand on the semiarid Loess Plateau, China

Forest ecosystems on China's Loess Plateau are receiving increasing attention because of their special importance in carbon fixation and conservation of soil and water in the region.Soil respiration was investigated in Platycladus orientalis forest stands of the region at diurnal and seasonal scales.The daily and seasonal average values of soil respiration were 2.53μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)and 3.78μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),respectively.On a diurnal and seasonal scale,the variations of soil respiration in the P.orientalis forest show a one-peak pattern.The diurnal dynamics of soil respiration were mainly driven by soil temperature.However,the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature was not significant,mainly because of the hysteresis effect of soil respiration on soil temperature.Soil moisture plays another dominant role in the ecosystem carbon balance,but was not affected by soil temperature in P.orientalis forest on the semiarid Loess Plateau.

Platycladus orientalis shells promote melanogenesis via p38,AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways

Background:Platycladus orientalis,which has been employed in traditional Chinese medicine for cool blood,antibacterial,promotion of hair growth and therapy of poliosis for centuries.However,there have been few reports focusing on Platycladus orientalis shells treating pigmentary disorders.Methods:In present study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to analyzing the volatile composition of Platycladus orientalis shells and cellular metabolism.Experiments in vivo were carried out to evaluate the effect of Platycladus orientalis shells treating pigmentation disorders in C57BL/6J mice.Results:Our results indicated that cedrol occupied the largest percentage in Platycladus orientalis shells(17.1%).Meanwhile,Platycladus orientalis shells up-regulated the content of palmitic acid and increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity.Its mechanism possibly involved in the inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT and β-catenin,increasing phosphorylation of p38 to promote microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression.The animal experiment also proved that Platycladus orientalis shells promoted melanogensis and hair blacken in C57BL/6J mice.Conclusion:All in all,Platycladus orientalis shells potentially promoted melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo.Cedrol was regarded as the main active substance in Platycladus orientalis shells.Therefore,it could be used for treatment of pigmentary disorders under safe concentration in the prospective application.

Study on the Practical Mature Age of Individual Platycladus orientalis

This study was conducted on the analytic tree and got the fitting empirical equation of tree growth, in which the tree growth rate was used as the variable and time as the independent variable. The arithmetical operation to the function got the mature age of tree growth, and the mature ages of the timer forest, the protection forest and the special-purpose forest of Platycladus orientalis were 71, 111 and 141 a, respectively. In addition, the application as well as the research direction and matters needing attention were proposed.

Advances in Research of Chemical Components and Pharmacological Effects of Platycladus orientalis Leaves

Platycladi Cacumen(Platycladus orientalis leaf)is a traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of medicinal values,and its efficacy has been recorded by many ancient books.Its chemical components mainly include flavonoids,volatile oil,tannins and so on.Pharmacological studies have confirmed that P.orientalis leaves have various pharmacological effects such as antibacterial,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,hair growth promoting and hemostatic effects.Through review of the research on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P.orientalis leaves,this study is intended to provide reference for the research,development and utilization of P.orientalis.

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity （SFV） of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation （ESR） and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe （TDP） system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5-3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied considerably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis were about 0-3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR （sunrise effect）. Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.

Comparison of host volatiles under different physiological states and electroantennogram responses of Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) to these volatiles

Based on an analytical TCT-GC/MS method, volatile compounds of branches of Platycladus orientalis under three physiological states （healthy, weak and baited trees） were analyzed. The results showed that α-pinene, β-phellandrene, 3-careen, limonene and thujopsene were released under all three physiological states. There were other kinds of volatiles released from branches of weak P. orientalis trees, such as camphene, γ-terpinene, （＋）-4-carene and cedrene, but these four volatiles compounds were not released from the branches of healthy P. orientalis. Volatile components from the physically damaged branches of P. orientalis had changed. β-terpinene, mycrene, isocaryophillene and caryophyllene were identified in both healthy and weak branches of P. orientalis. Only cedrene was identified in the baited wood. Electroantennogram （EAG） tests were conducted with nine volatile compounds from the branches of P. orientalis. Antennnae of male and female Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky） were highly sensitive to these nine volatile compounds. Cedrene elicited the strongest response, whereas β-terpinene the lowest. Males and females showed no signifi-cant difference in their EAG responses to the nine volatile compounds.

Heavy metal accumulation characteristics and physiological response of Sabina chinensis and Platycladus orientalis to atmospheric pollution

Heavy metal(Cu,Mn,Zn,Pb,and Cd)concentrations were measured in the leaves of Sabina chinensis and Platycladus orientalis collected from urban,suburban,and rural sites in Tianjin,China.Photosynthetic pigment contents,reactive oxygen species content,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated,providing physiological response parameters.Our comparison of the sites revealed that urbanization significantly influenced the heavy metal concentrations in both plant leaves.At the rural site,both plant leaves exhibited the lowest heavy metal accumulation.The highest Cu,Mn,and Zn concentrations were found in S.chinensis leaves from the urban site;the highest Pb and Cd concentrations were found in P.orientalis leaves from the urban site.These results indicate that the urban site contained larger heavy metal concentrations in the plant leaves that may reflect the anthropogenic emission gradient.It is also found that S.chinensis may be used to monitor airborne heavy metal pollution because it is highly quick response to heavy metals,while P.orientalis may be used for mitigation due to its high resistance.The results of this study can contribute to the development of monitoring and environmental management plans by providing information on sensitive and resistant tree species for city greening in North China.

Effects of Ultra-drying on Viability and Physiological Characteristics of Platycladus orientalis Seed from Arid and Semiarid Areas of Northwest China

In order to supply quality seed for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, the effects of Platycladus orientalis seed storage under ultra-drying and accelerated aging were studied. The seeds were dried from 6.8% to 5.1%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% MC, respectively, in a desiccator with the silica gel. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of the seed were investigated. After ultra-drying, groups of seeds were carried on the accelerated aging tests in an oven at 50 oC for 10, 20 and 30 d , respectively, and the physiological indexes, including relative conductivity, dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity were tested. The results show that the ultra-dried seeds with 3.7% MC have the highest germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index. After aging, the dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity of the group of seeds of 3.7% MC were higher than those of 6.8%, while the relative conductivity of the group of 3.7% is lower than that of 6.8%. It is feasible to ultra- dry the seeds with 3.7% MC.

太行山侧柏树干心材与边材的厚度及其与直径的关系

在太行山石灰岩山地50年生侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)纯人工林中,采用树干解析与生长锥法调查了树干径向组分心材、边材、树皮的厚度及方位差异,分析了各组分厚度与树干直径的相关关系,构建了回归模型。结果表明,70株样树的树干直径分布在3.92~15.95 cm,平均直径为9.80 cm,即平均半径为4.90 cm,其中心材厚度(2.70 cm,占半径的55%)>边材厚度(1.84 cm,38%)>树皮厚度(0.36 cm,7%)。树干半径及心材厚度在不同方位间无显著差异;边材厚度及树皮厚度存在显著的方位差异,南侧最大。树干半径、心材厚度、边材厚度与树干直径呈极显著正相关;建立了树干不同方位心材、边材厚度与树干直径的非线性与线性回归模型。