The Precarious Person in Pierre Bourdieu, Helmuth Plessner, and Psychocentric Culture

Trends in human science seek to expand and situate the concept of the psychological individual emphasizing biology,society,or culture as causes,catalysts,or contexts.I enter the conversation,synthesizing Bourdieu and Plessner especially regarding ambivalent positionality,habitus,and the experience of communication.Bourdieu’s conception of the cleft habitus/hexis of bodies in social space is interpreted alongside Plessner’s rendering of the lived-body(leib)and body-lived(körper).Beyond the materiality of the body(human being),both reject any essentialist ontology of the human person(being human)in a liberating axiology of communication in which life is lead and done as an open question.Bourdieu(1992,p.72)describes habitus as anti-individualist,anti-deterministic,and“anti-narcissistic”.Likewise,we must resist a bio-semiotic temptation to read Plessner as a proponent of culture’s origins in the umwelt.Bourdieu and Plessner focus on structuralist-semiotic and constructivist-phenomenological conditions constraining and enabling the experience of existence.The fluid boundaries of human identity are grounded in the perception and expression of culture in social space.The psychological,then,is an ongoing,emergent product of communication.This perspective is consequential,nurturing the contemporary critique of psychocentric discourse and opening possibilities for postpsychological culture.

密斯·凡·德·罗和“最低限度住宅”

探讨20世纪20年代晚期德国大力建设社会福利住房的背景下,建筑师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗对住房问题的核心立场。面对第一次世界大战后德国住房短缺的紧迫问题,现代建筑师提出了“最低限度住宅”的概念,并在“新法兰克福”社会住房项目中实践。而密斯反对“最低限度住宅”理念。在社会学家赫尔穆特·普莱斯纳和建筑师西格弗里德·埃贝林等人的思想影响下,他坚持艺术关怀位于建筑价值排序的首位,并强调住宅的首要价值是维护、支持人们内心世界的发展。通过梳理“最低限度住宅”概念的发展和应用,揭示其内在结构中经济效率和文化价值的动态博弈。同时交叉分析密斯的写作和阅读,展现其对现代住房空间的思考,更细腻、深入地探讨密斯的建筑理论发展,并揭示出现代主义建筑在其发展初期作为社会干预手段和作为精神文化追求两条道路之间的冲突张力。

Border Work in Precarity and Boundary Play in Communicology

This essay considers borders as symbols of precarity and the possibility of re-framing them through boundary play. While borders were historically installed as military defenses they are now chiefly used to prevent and control migrants. My argument is against the either-or thinking that prevails in bordering and othering. Prominent social science perspectives are considered. By focusing on the semiotic phenomenological relations of homeland, homeworld, and lifeworld the possibilities of play at the boundaries of conscious experience are revealed. My disciplinary perspective is communicology, the human science of embodied discourse.

超越康德——黑格尔、普勒斯纳、约纳斯和马图拉纳的生命自主性理论

当今生物学哲学蓬勃发展与人们对“生命自主性”问题的深入探讨密切相关,最初生物学哲学家试图借助康德《判断力批判》中的“自组织”概念来解释“生命的自主性”,但这种解释方式似乎遗忘了“生命自主性”还具有一个本真的互动性维度,即,有机体与环境的功能互动维度。黑格尔、普勒斯纳、约纳斯和马图拉纳等人的生物学哲学从不同方面强调了“生命自主性”的互动维度,这在一定程度上弥补了生物学哲学家单纯依靠康德的“自组织”概念在解释“生命自主性”问题上所具有的不全面性。