Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Pneumatic Control Valve Based on a Hybrid Deep Learning Model

As the growing requirements for the stability and safety of process industries,the fault detection and diagnosis of pneumatic control valves have crucial practical significance.Many of the approaches were presented in the literature to diagnose faults through the comparison of residual sequences with thresholds.In this study,a novel hybrid neural network model has been developed to address the issue of pneumatic control valve fault diagnosis.First,the feature extractor automatically extracts in-depth features of the signals through multi-scale convolutional neural networks with different kernel sizes,which not only adequately explores the local distinguishable features,but also takes into account the global features.The extracted features are then fused by the feature fusion layer to reduce redundant features.Finally,the long short-term memory for fault identification and the dense layer for fault classification.Experimental results demonstrate that the average test accuracy is above 94%and 16 out of the 19 conditions can be successfully detected in the simulated actual industrial environment.The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method have been verified through a comparative analysis with existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods,and the results suggest that the developed model has better robustness.

PILOT LEAKAGE'S INFLUENCES ON THE PERFORMANCES OF EXTRA HIGH PRESSURE PROPORTIONAL PNEUMATIC VALVE

A mathematic model is built up to analyze the influences of a pilot valve'sleakage on the performances of pneumatic pressure proportional valve, and the performances aresimulated by using MATLAB. The results indicate that using slide pilot valve in the valve system isfeasible, but the leakage's influences can not be neglected, especially it may induce instability ina low output pressure situation. A pilot valve using too large throttle window will cause the valveoscillate. To improve the working condition of pilot valve, a method adopting different widths oftwo throttle window is proposed. According to our simulation, this method balances the pressure dropbetween the two stage throttle ports, and reduces the influences of pilot valve's leakage.

Pneumatic resistance network analysis and dimension optimization of high pressure electronic pneumatic pressure reducing valve

The structure and working principle of a self-deigned high pressure electronic pneumatic pressure reducing valve (EPPRV) with slide pilot are introduced.The resistance value formulas and the relationship between the resistance and pressure of three typical pneumatic resistances are obtained.Then,the method of static characteristics analysis only considering pneumatic resistances is proposed,the resistance network from gas supply to load is built up,and the mathematical model is derived from the flow rate formulas and flow conservation equations,with the compressibility of high pressure gas and temperature drop during the expansion considered in the model.Finally,the pilot spool displacement of 1.5 mm at an output pressure of 15MPa and the enlarging operating stroke of the pilot spool are taken as optimization targets,and the optimization is carried out based on genetic algorithm and the model mentioned above.The results show that the static characteristics of the EPPRV are significantly improved.The idea of static characteristics analysis and optimization based on pneumatic resistance network is valuable for the design of pneumatic components or system.

Development of an ε-type actuator for enhancing high-speed electro-pneumatic ejector valve performance

A novel ε-type solenoid actuator is proposed to improve the dynamic response of electro-pneumatic ejector valves by reducing moving mass weight. A finite element analysis (FEA) model has been developed to describe the static and dynamic operations of the valves. Compared with a conventional E-type actuator, the proposed ε-type actuator reduced the moving mass weight by almost 65% without significant loss of solenoid force, and reduced the response time (RT) typically by 20%. Prototype valves were designed and fabricated based on the proposed ε-type actuator model. An experimental setup was also established to investigate the dynamic characteristics of valves. The experimental results of the dynamics of valves agreed well with simulations, indicating the validity of the FEA model.

Investigation of Semi-Active Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension for a Heavy Vehicle Based on Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Valve

Hydro-pneumatic suspension is widely used in heavy vehicles due to its nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping. However, the conventional passive hydro-pneumatic suspension can’t adjust parameters according to the complicated road environment of heavy vehicles to fulfill the requirements of the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, a semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system based on the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control is proposed, and fuzzy control is used as the control strategy to adjust the?damping force of the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension. A 1/4?semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension model is established, which is co-simulated with AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink. The co-simulation results show that the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system can significantly reduce vibration of the vehicle body, and improve the suspension performance comparing with passive hydro-pneumatic suspension.

Lumped Parameter Mass Flow Rate and Pressure Control Characteristics Model for High-Speed Pneumatic PWM on/off Valve

Aiming at solving the problem of strong coupling characteristic of the key parameters of high-speed pneumatic pulse width modulation( PWM) on / off valve, a general lumped parameter mathematical model based on the valves time periods was well developed. With this model,the mass flow rate and dynamic pressure characteristics of constant volumes controlled by high-speed pneumatic PWM on /off valves was well described. A variable flow rate coefficient model was proposed to substitute for the constant one used in most of the prior works to investigate PWM on /off valves' dynamical pressure response, and a formula for disclosing the inherent relationship among the PWM command signal,static mass flow rate,and sonic conductance of the valve was newly derived.Finally,an extensive set of analytical experimental comparisons were implemented to verify the validity of the proposed mathematica model. With the proposed model, PWM on /off valves' characteristics,such as mass flow rate,step pressure response of the valve control system,mean pressure and ripple amplitude,not only in the linear range,but also in the nonlinear range can be wel predicted; Good agreement between measured and calculated results was obtained,which proved that the model is helpful for designing a control strategy in a closed loop control system.

Study on Outboard Inductive Damping Valve in Hydro-pneumatic Suspension

A new outboard inductive damping valve without any electronic control system is developed. Its working principle,structure and external characteristic are studied. Its mathematical model is presented and its damping characteristic is investigated on the basis of fluid continuity equation,differential equations of motion and Bernoulli equation. The influence of the valve parameters on the damping characteristic is studied numerically. The effects of outboard inductive damping valve and common damping valve on ride and tire load are compared also. The external characteristic of the valve is verified in bench test. The results show that the valve’s mathematical model is quite accurate and the developed valve can be adjust in two stages,which can also meet the requirements of the dynamic characteristic of the vehicle suspension system.

Design and Dynamic Model of a Frog-inspired Swimming Robot Powered by Pneumatic Muscles

Pneumatic muscles with similar characteristics to biological muscles have been widely used in robots, and thus are promising drivers for frog inspired robots. How- ever, the application and nonlinearity of the pneumatic system limit the advance. On the basis of the swimming mechanism of the frog, a frog-inspired robot based on pneumatic muscles is developed. To realize the indepen- dent tasks by the robot, a pneumatic system with internal chambers, micro air pump, and valves is implemented. The micro pump is used to maintain the pressure difference between the source and exhaust chambers. The pneumatic muscles are controlled by high-speed switch valves which can reduce the robot cost, volume, and mass. A dynamic model of the pneumatic system is established for the sim- ulation to estimate the system, including the chamber, muscle, and pneumatic circuit models. The robot design is verified by the robot swimming experiments and the dynamic model is verified through the experiments and simulations of the pneumatic system. The simulation results are compared to analyze the functions of the source pressure, internal volume of the muscle, and circuit flow rate which is proved the main factor that limits the response of muscle pressure. The proposed research provides the application of the pneumatic muscles in the frog inspired robot and the pneumatic model to study muscle controller.

Development of a Novel Parallel-spool Pilot Operated High-pressure Solenoid Valve with High Flow Rate and High Speed

High-pressure solenoid valve with high flow rate and high speed is a key component in an underwater driving system.However,traditional single spool pilot operated valve cannot meet the demands of both high flow rate and high speed simultaneously.A new structure for a high pressure solenoid valve is needed to meet the demand of the underwater driving system.A novel parallel-spool pilot operated high-pressure solenoid valve is proposed to overcome the drawback of the current single spool design.Mathematical models of the opening process and flow rate of the valve are established.Opening response time of the valve is subdivided into 4 parts to analyze the properties of the opening response.Corresponding formulas to solve 4 parts of the response time are derived.Key factors that influence the opening response time are analyzed.According to the mathematical model of the valve,a simulation of the opening process is carried out by MATLAB.Parameters are chosen based on theoretical analysis to design the test prototype of the new type of valve.Opening response time of the designed valve is tested by verifying response of the current in the coil and displacement of the main valve spool.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulated results,therefore the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified.Experimental opening response time of the valve is 48.3 ms at working pressure of 10 MPa.The flow capacity test shows that the largest effective area is 126 mm2 and the largest air flow rate is 2320 L/s.According to the result of the load driving test,the valve can meet the demands of the driving system.The proposed valve with parallel spools provides a new method for the design of a high-pressure valve with fast response and large flow rate.

Novel miniature pneumatic pressure regulator for hopping robots

A novel miniature pressure regulator is fabricated and studied. The regulator can easily be integrated into portable mechatronics or miniature robotic applications because of its lightweight and compact size. An especial poppet is designed to minimize its size and to withstand high-pressure. The pressure regulator is designed for a hopping robot which is powered by a combustion system. The hopping robot has great moving capacities such as jumping over big obstacles, wails and dit- ches. The regulator helps the hopping robot to decrease size and weight, and to sustain high pres- sure of oxygen and fuel tank. It will maintain constant output pressure to obtain suitable proportion of oxygen and fuel in the combustion cylinder. Dynamic simulation of the miniature pneumatic pres- sure regulator is performed. Experiments on prototype of miniature pneumatic pressure regulator are also carried out to validate the performance and satisfied performance is obtained.

A rotary pneumatic actuator for the actuation of the exoskeleton knee joint

Rotary pneumatic actuators that are made out of linear one are always best suited for exoskeleton joint actuation due to its inherent power to weight ratio. This work is a modified version of knee actuation system that has already been developed and major modifications are made in order to make it more suitable for human wearing and also to reduce its bulkiness and complexity. The considered actuator system is a rotary actuator where a pulley converts the linear motion of the standard pneumatic piston into the rotary motion. To prove the capability of the actuator, its performance characteristics such as torque and power produced are compared to the required torque and power at the knee joint of the exoskeleton in swing phase and are found to be excellent. The two-way analysis of variance（ANOVA）is performed to find the effect of the throat area valve on knee angle. The ANOVA shows the significant effect of the throat area variation on the knee angle flexion made by the proposed actuator. A relationship between the throat area of flow control valve, that is connected to the exit port of the direction control valve, and angular displacement of the knee joint has been formulated. This relationship can be used to design a control system to regulate the mass flow rate of air at the exit and hence the angular velocity of the knee joint can be controlled.

Error Analysis on the Positioning Accuracy of a Pneumatic Vibration Isolator

A method of error analysis on the positioning accuracy of a pneumatic vibration isolator was proposed.First,the necessity of positioning accuracy was studied,in addition to the key factors associated with positioning accuracy.These analyses indicated that the positioning accuracy of the pneumatic vibration isolator was mainly attributed to the position error of the push button and the gap between the spindle and valve stem.Second,the error model of the positioning accuracy of the pneumatic vibration isolator was established through geometric simplification and geometric calculation.There are different methods used to calculate the position error of the push button for the different valves.Finally,an example analysis evaluating the impact of a specific two-position three-way valve on the positioning accuracy was given by means of error distribution.Experimental results validated the accuracy of the error model and the example analysis.This error model can be used to guide the structural parameter optimization design according to the requirements for positioning accuracy.

Concentric Annular Clearance-Controllable Pressure Characteristics Research of a High Pressure Pneumatic Pressure Assembly

High pressure is an important development orientation in pneumatic field,since it can not only improve dynamic characteristics of pneumatic system but also decrease the size of components and mounting space.Due to the advantages of high energy density and high instant expansibility,high pressure gas has been widely used in many applications.However,systematic researches are lacked especially in pressure characteristics which are very important in pneumatic system at present.In a high pressure pneumatic system,the pressure of a fixed cavity with annular clearance needs to be controlled within a wide range,so a single stage proportional slide valve is proposed to satisfy the requirements of high pressure and low flow rate.First,working principle and structure of the pressure assembly and the slide valve are introduced.Then mathematical model of the high pressure pneumatic system is built up;controllable pressure range is simulated,and influence of uncertain factors,such as fit clearance of the pressure valve and the cavity on controllable pressure,is discussed.Finally,a test bench of the pressure assembly is built up,and the controllable pressure and step response experiments are carried out.Both simulation and experimental results show that the designed slide valve can satisfy the requirements well.The proposed clearance presumption method based on simulation and experimental results is valuable for indirect measurement of processing tolerance.

全自动气控座椅加载试验机的设计

根据目前中小企业对座椅载荷进行疲劳试验与检测的实际需求以及目前试验机的发展情况,发现了市面常见的座椅载荷试验机存在前期投资大、机构复杂及维护保养需求高等问题,在中小型座椅生产企业中推广和使用受限。基于此,从中小企业实际需求出发,本着结构简单、投资经济、便于使用的原则,提出一种全自动气控座椅载荷疲劳试验机,设计控制机构完全采用压缩空气作为驱动源,其来源方便、环保节能。在对当前座椅加载试验机特点及需求研读与分析的基础上,提出了全自动气控加载试验机的总体设计思路;根据对座椅加载控制的要求与结构模式,形成气动控制系统的总体架构及控制原理与控制方法设计;对座椅加载疲劳试验机进行了实验室模拟实验测试。结果表明,此控制系统设计方案能够实现座椅载荷负载大小变化模拟,可以实现座椅加载模拟工作节拍控制以及座椅加载时长控制调节,且完全脱离供电需求,经济环保,为生产企业后期使用维护提供了极大的方便。

基于键合图法的履带车油气弹簧阻尼阀特性分析

为优化车辆悬挂的阻尼特性,基于功率键合图法建立油气悬挂阻尼阀阻尼特性的参数化模型。针对阻尼阀压缩行程开阀前、开阀后和复原行程下不同工作模式,分析不同工作状态下阻尼阀的节流形式,结合流体力学知识建立阻尼阀压缩和复原行程的阻尼特性模型。通过模型仿真研究结构参数对阻尼阀特性的影响。设计流量试验台对阻尼阀特性仿真结果进行验证。研究结果表明,基于功率键合图法建立的阻尼阀特性模型可以准确地计算出阻尼阀的特性,减小单向阀芯上通孔2和通孔3的直径可以降低悬挂阻尼阀开阀点速度,调整通孔1和通孔4的直径可以在不影响开阀速度的条件下相应调整阻尼力,通孔6的直径只对复原行程的阻尼力产生影响。

高压气动压力伺服系统的鲁棒控制

高压气动压力伺服系统的参数不确定性和未建模动态制约了其控制精度的提高,针对此提出了基于RISE的自适应鲁棒控制算法用于高压气动压力伺服系统的控制。考虑到核心元件高压电气伺服阀的控制性能对高压气动压力伺服系统高精度控制的影响,设计了交叉对比实验,实验结果表明,伺服阀位置控制算法有助于避免正弦信号失真、减小稳态压力抖动,系统压力控制算法能提高系统的响应速度和动态跟踪能力。

高压气动装置弹射性能分析及优化

根据高压气动弹射装置的工作原理和特点,结合实际应用给出了无缓冲腔、采用缓冲腔、采用多组高速开关阀等3种弹射装置方案,基于气体动力学理论,采用分段建模的方式,构建了内弹道方程组,计算分析了弹射装置主要参数对弹射体出筒速度、弹射过程最大瞬时过载等的影响。仿真结果表明,采用缓冲腔、采用多组高速开关阀2种方案的弹射装置均可有效降低弹射体的最大瞬时过载、提高出筒速度,且采用多组高速开关阀的效果最好。研究结果可为高压气动弹射装置的优化设计、制造与试验,提供借签。

智能气动阀门定位系统动态特性研究

针对智能气动阀门定位系统数字孪生体的实现,提出一种可精确模拟气动继动器和执行器气室动作机理及气体动态特性的数学模型。在无需气体质量流量计的情况下,通过理论推导及实验在气动继动器动力学模型和等效质量流量模型中可变直径的节流孔板直径之间建立函数关系,对执行器气室多变过程建模,实现定位系统数字孪生体。数字孪生体实际运行测试以及模型仿真和实验对比验证了系统的可靠性。

比例阀控气缸系统确定性鲁棒反步运动跟踪控制器

为实现气缸运动轨迹的高精度鲁棒控制,建立了比例阀控缸系统的数学模型,并基于反步法设计了一种能够有效抑制系统模型参数不确定性、未建模动态和外界扰动等因素影响的非线性确定性鲁棒控制器。利用MATLAB中的Simulink模块构建气缸运动轨迹跟踪控制系统仿真模型。采用MATLAB/Simulink中的xPC-Target开发了基于非线性确定性鲁棒控制器的气缸运动轨迹实时控制系统。仿真结果表明所设计控制器是可行的。试验结果表明该控制器能够有效地跟踪参考轨迹,跟踪0.3 Hz正弦轨迹时的最大跟踪误差为0.89 mm,约为幅值的2.97%;跟踪0.4 Hz正弦轨迹时的最大跟踪误差为1.02 mm,为幅值的3.4%。

LW25-252型断路器气动阀体密封圈检修(检验)方法

某220 kV站内进口设备LW25-252型断路器为单台供气式气动机构,内部气动阀由于存在运行时间较长,密封圈老化导致出现气动阀频繁漏气。文章通过研究该站LW25-252型断路器中VA133、VA134型气动阀,经过对气动阀的拆接、工作原理分析以及各部位密封垫作用,确定阀体内活塞杆密封圈为气动阀漏气根源,根据阀体活塞杆结构研制专用工具供拆解、组装阀体,并进一步模拟集中供气模式设计气动阀体检测平台,对修后气动阀进行自测自检,实现对该厂家VA133、VA134型气动阀自拆自修自检,降低对外部厂家援助依赖。