Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically significant crop with aerial cleistogamous flowers and subterranean geocarpic fruit(pods).The formation of peanut pod requires movement of the embryo from air to ground a...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically significant crop with aerial cleistogamous flowers and subterranean geocarpic fruit(pods).The formation of peanut pod requires movement of the embryo from air to ground and then development in the soil,which is a complex biological process involving transport and accumulation of sugars.Sugar transport proteins(STP) mediate the transport of monosaccharides in various physiological processes,including fertilization,ovary formation,and seed development.In this study,a total of 36 AhSTP genes(AhSTP1–36) containing the conserved sugar_tr motif were identified in the A.hypogaea genome.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AhSTP genes were classified into four clades,and the arrangement of motifs in AhSTP proteins was similar within clades.Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication events have played an important role in the expansion of STP genes in peanut,and chromosome rearrangements might have facilitated the exchange of STP genes between the A and B sub-genomes.Transcriptome analyses revealed that the expression patterns of AhSTP genes varied among tissues.Hormone and abiotic stress treatments could upregulate or down-regulate the expression of AhSTP genes,and low temperature had a major effect on the expression of most AhSTP genes.Four AhSTP genes(AhSTP3,AhSTP9,AhSTP19,and AhSTP28) were specifically expressed in the pod,indicating that these genes might be involved in pod formation and development in peanut.The unique expression of these four genes during pod construction and development was confirmed in two different type cultivars using quantitative real-time PCR analysis.Our findings provide new insights into the STP gene family in peanut and will aid future functional studies of AhSTP genes.展开更多
Flower and pod numbers per plant are important agronomic traits underlying soybean yield. So far quantitative trait loci (QTL) de- tected for flower and pod-related traits have mainly focused on the final stage, and...Flower and pod numbers per plant are important agronomic traits underlying soybean yield. So far quantitative trait loci (QTL) de- tected for flower and pod-related traits have mainly focused on the final stage, and might therefore have ignored genetic effects expressed during a specific developmental stage. Here, dynamic expressions of QTL for flower and pod numbers were identified using 152 recom- binant inbred lines (RILs) and a linkage map of 306 markers. Wide genetic variation was found among RILs; 17 unconditional and 18 conditional QTL were detected for the two traits at different developmental stages over two years. Some QTL were detected only at one stage and others across two or more stages, indicating that soybean flower and pod numbers development may be governed by time-dependent gene expression. Three main QTL (qfn-Chrl8-2, qfn-Chr20-1, and qfn-Chr19) were detected for flower number, and two main QTL (qpn-Chrll and qpn-Chr20) were detected for pod number. The phenotypic variation explained by them ranged from 6.1% to 34.7%. The markers linked to these QTL could be used in marker-assisted selection for increasing soybean flower and pod numbers, with the ultimate aim of increasing soybean yield. Comparison of the QTL regions for flower and pod numbers traits with the related genes reported previously showed that seven and four related genes were located in the QTL regions of qfn-Chr11 and qfn-Chr19, respectively. These results provide a basis for free mapping and cloning of flower and pod development-related genes.展开更多
基金funded by Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation,Grant Number 2020A1515010636Central publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Grant Number 1630102017002 and1630102017006。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is an economically significant crop with aerial cleistogamous flowers and subterranean geocarpic fruit(pods).The formation of peanut pod requires movement of the embryo from air to ground and then development in the soil,which is a complex biological process involving transport and accumulation of sugars.Sugar transport proteins(STP) mediate the transport of monosaccharides in various physiological processes,including fertilization,ovary formation,and seed development.In this study,a total of 36 AhSTP genes(AhSTP1–36) containing the conserved sugar_tr motif were identified in the A.hypogaea genome.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AhSTP genes were classified into four clades,and the arrangement of motifs in AhSTP proteins was similar within clades.Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication events have played an important role in the expansion of STP genes in peanut,and chromosome rearrangements might have facilitated the exchange of STP genes between the A and B sub-genomes.Transcriptome analyses revealed that the expression patterns of AhSTP genes varied among tissues.Hormone and abiotic stress treatments could upregulate or down-regulate the expression of AhSTP genes,and low temperature had a major effect on the expression of most AhSTP genes.Four AhSTP genes(AhSTP3,AhSTP9,AhSTP19,and AhSTP28) were specifically expressed in the pod,indicating that these genes might be involved in pod formation and development in peanut.The unique expression of these four genes during pod construction and development was confirmed in two different type cultivars using quantitative real-time PCR analysis.Our findings provide new insights into the STP gene family in peanut and will aid future functional studies of AhSTP genes.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2010CB125906 and 2009CB118400)the National High-Tech Research Program of China (Nos. 2006AA10Z1C1 and 2008AA10Z153)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771362)the 111 Program from the Ministry of Education (No. B07030).
文摘Flower and pod numbers per plant are important agronomic traits underlying soybean yield. So far quantitative trait loci (QTL) de- tected for flower and pod-related traits have mainly focused on the final stage, and might therefore have ignored genetic effects expressed during a specific developmental stage. Here, dynamic expressions of QTL for flower and pod numbers were identified using 152 recom- binant inbred lines (RILs) and a linkage map of 306 markers. Wide genetic variation was found among RILs; 17 unconditional and 18 conditional QTL were detected for the two traits at different developmental stages over two years. Some QTL were detected only at one stage and others across two or more stages, indicating that soybean flower and pod numbers development may be governed by time-dependent gene expression. Three main QTL (qfn-Chrl8-2, qfn-Chr20-1, and qfn-Chr19) were detected for flower number, and two main QTL (qpn-Chrll and qpn-Chr20) were detected for pod number. The phenotypic variation explained by them ranged from 6.1% to 34.7%. The markers linked to these QTL could be used in marker-assisted selection for increasing soybean flower and pod numbers, with the ultimate aim of increasing soybean yield. Comparison of the QTL regions for flower and pod numbers traits with the related genes reported previously showed that seven and four related genes were located in the QTL regions of qfn-Chr11 and qfn-Chr19, respectively. These results provide a basis for free mapping and cloning of flower and pod development-related genes.