A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

On Rhyme and Symmetry in the Translation of Tang Poetry:A Case Study of Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of 300 Tang Poems

Ancient poetry represents historical and cultural legacies accumulated by the Chinese nation for thousands of years and underpins the strong cultural confidence of the Chinese people.Tang poetry distinguishes itself from other literary works with its beautiful rhyme and symmetry.Previous studies of English translations of Tang poetry mostly focused on appreciation,analysis,and critics of different translation versions.Few researchers have delved into the specific translation methods for achieving the rhyming and symmetrical effects of Tang poetry in the target text.This paper examined Professor Xu Yuanchong’s English translation of 300 Tang Poems as the research object,and elaborated on how to retain the rhyming and symmetrical effects of Tang poems.This paper also summarized some practical methods that can be applied to translating Tang poems.Rhyming can be realized by the addition of end rhyme words and changes in word or line order.Symmetry can be achieved by the omission of a modifier or predicate,the addition of function words,changes in word order,or parallelism with the original sentence structure.

Frontier of Military Defense Buildings in the Western Regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties Based on CiteSpace

Under the guidance of the “the Belt and Road” policy, the academic community continues to study the historical relics of the western regions and military facilities along the silk road in recent years. Focusing on the military defense buildings in the western regions of the Han and Tang Dynasties, CiteSpace software is used to conduct statistical and visual analysis on the hot issues of relevant literature in the military buildings on the silk road. Based on the analysis of frontier hot issues, the research trend of future topics is analyzed and predicted. The research shows that the frontier hot spots of military architecture in the western regions of Han and Tang Dynasties are extensive, and the research trend is steadily rising.

The Evolution Characteristics of Spatial Layout of Ancient Chinese Capitals: A Case Study of Sui,Tang and Northern Song Dynasties With Important Changes in the Historical Development of Feudal Society

Imperial city and outer city are the most important differentiation of the spatial structure of ancient Chinese capitals.The relationship between city and Guo changed from the original spatial structure mode of "respecting the west" and "sitting in the west and facing the east" to the spatial structure mode of "sitting in the north and facing the south" and the three outer cities in the east,south and west surrounding the imperial city after the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and gradually changed from the original "multi palace" system to the "single palace" system.Finally,a "heavy city" capital spatial structure with the outer city around the imperial city and the imperial city around the palace city,and the central axis of the chessboard format was formed.During the Tang and Song Dynasties,it was a period of great change in the history of feudal society in China.Through the investigation of the evolution characteristics of the spatial form of capital cities in the Tang and Song Dynasties,the track of the transformation of social ideology,political system,economic structure and many other fields in the Tang and Song Dynasties was made clear.

On the Creation Background and the Influence of Wei Zhuang’s Famous Poem:Lament of a Northwestern Woman

Lament of a Northwestern Woman(Qin Fu Yin),composed by Wei Zhuang after the Huangchao uprising,is a long poem that showcases the sufferings of the civilians and embodies the people’s character of the poem,which is the profound empathy and compassion of the poet towards the civilians’plight.The poem was written during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty in the year Gengmao(883 AD).2023 is also the year Gengmao,so this poem has existed for a remarkable 1140 years.For over a millennium,this long poem remained submerged in history until the opening of the Dunhuang Grottoes at the turn of the 20th century.The deep compassion and commiseration towards the underprivileged masses conveyed in this long poem are reminiscent of Du Fu’s renowned“Three Poems of Separation.”Moreover,it is widely believed that this poem foretells the decline of the Tang Dynasty.

A Comparative Study of Nature's Subjectivity in Walden and Tang Poems

Thoreau's Walden and Chinese Tang Poems both attach great importance to nature,devoting large paragraphs to the depiction of it.The significance of this phenomenon is discussed in this paper.Based on the method of close reading and comparative study,it is found that nature,portrayed by Thoreau and Tang poets share one important character,that is,nature assumes subjectivity as an individual being.

Medicine Referred in Poetries in Tang Dynasty In the Case of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi

Poetry is an important part of traditional culture, which reached the zenith in Tang dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are famous poets, and there are much about medicine in their works, such as disease, pathogeny, herbs and life cultivation. Some poets described their feelings about getting sick in their poetries, which showed their psychologic status, social conditions and helped us to learn the development of medicine.

The Influence of Thesis Writing of Imperial Examinations on Prose in Tang and Song Dynasty

The imperial examination system not only has profound influence on prose development in Tang and Song Dynasty, but also has an important influence on the whole Tang and Song Dynasty and even the later literature and cultural development. In the feudal autocratic rule, any system implemented by the state will have an important influence on all aspects of the whole society~ especially it is related with the imperial examination system of education and talents. Once it becomes a ＂basic national policy＂ , the role in social development is incalculable. This paper takes the relationship between imperial examination system and Tang and Song prose development as the breakthrough point, analyzing the influence of thesis writing of imperial examination on the prose in Tang and Song Dynasty and ＂Eight great men in Tang and Song Dynasty＂ .

A Study of the Effects of Family Precepts,Rules and Ethics on Children’s Education During the Tang Dynasty

From the perspectives of the prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties,the rise and fall of the aristocrats and the prevalence of the imperial examination,this paper studies the impact of family precepts,rules,and ethics on children’s education.I believe that an important feature of family precepts in the Tang Dynasty was the development of the cultural tradition of poetry and literature study within the family,which promoted virtues like loyalty,filial piety,diligence,frugality and modesty and had a profound influence on future generations.The rise and fall of Tang Dynasty families was closely related to family precepts,rules,ethics,and learning.Famous and respectable families often regarded these traits as important means to maintain the family’s status,which objectively promoted the development of family scholarship and the importance of children’s education in the Tang Dynasty.The concept of learning as a“carry-on treasure”has become a common belief among scholars and has played a positive role in educating Chinese society,enriching our culture,and keeping society in order.

“Admiration of Flowers in Poems”-On Image Rendering of Flowers in Tang Poems Under the Guidance of Green Translation

The progress of economy and social development is the driving force of translation research and practice.With the deepening of global development and cooperation,global ecology and green concept has become a topic of concern and is capturing increasing worldwide attention.Under this circumstances,green development has become the key to building global ecological civilization.“Strengthening ecological consciousness and green consciousness,shouldering ecological responsibility”has also become the main theme of the times.In response to this green trend,Green Translation lays stress on the green concept,green behaviour,and the green value in translation practice.The flower images,which take up a large proportion of plant images in Tang poetry,are of high ecological value and significance.This paper takes the Translation of 300 Tang Poems as the research subject,conducts a study on the image rendering of flowers in Tang poetry from the three aspects of Green Translation:language ecology,cultural ecology and communicative ecology.

The Function of Wine Image in Tang Poetry—Take 300 Tang Poems as an Example

As one of the most influential anthologies of Tang poetry in the Qing Dynasty,300 Tang Poems includes many poems that used the image of wine.Wine imagery has different functions in different poems,and it is helpful to understand the connotation of poetry more deeply.

Garden Features in Tang Dynasty and Urban Planning and Construction of Xi'an City

By taking gardens in Tang Dynasty which play an important historical role in Chinese garden development history as case study,garden features in Tang Dynasty had been described from the aspects of cultural,ecological and planning characteristics,so as to explore the development trace of Tang garden culture,based on which relevant problems in urban planning and construction of Xi'an were discussed;and some countermeasures and suggestions on cultural,ecological and planning construction in the preservation of this ancient city were put forward.

Application of Garden Design Style in Tang Dynasty to the Design of Modern City Public Gardens: A Case Study of Tang Paradise

Public garden, as a type of Chinese classical garden, is an important historical heritage and cultural landscape of the current traditional city. However, under the background of modern urbanization, urban living environment is out of the traditional history and culture and facing such issue as cement jungle. In order to improve the living environment and make the city coordinate with the natural environment, the development of modern urban gardens needs inheritance and development of traditional garden practices. The planning and design methods with scientific guidance were studied in this paper through exploring the application of garden design style in Tang Dynasty in the design of modern city public gardens, so as to inherit the classical garden culture and create a city open space that meets the needs of contemporary citizens as well.

Inspiration and Genius: Characteristics of Li Bai’s Wine Poems

As important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain,Li Bai (courtesy name Taibai) has its poems widely recognized and studied by many scholars.Among his abundant and brilliant poetic works,wine poems stand out as an individual school?with peculiar characteristics.Acclaimed as Shi Xian (the immortal of poems) and Jiu Xian (the immortal of wine),and accompanied by poems and wine all his life,Li Bai is a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional Chinese poetic forms to new heights.His wine poems enjoy extraordinary status in Chinese poetry and wine literature,covering themes including his political ideal,fleeting melancholy due to unfulfilled ambitions,optimistic attitude towards life,sincere and profound friendship,courageous chivalry and dissatisfaction with social reality,all of which have strike a chord with the literati class.

The Rediscovery of“Evocation”(Xing)and the Rise of“Poems Based on Evocation with Miscellaneous Themes”(Za-Xing)in the Resurgence Era of Southern Song Dynasty

The composition of group poems based on evocation with miscellaneous themes(za-xing)first emerged in the Tang Dynasty,pioneered by Du Fu and Chu Guangxi,but an extraordinary outburst of group poems based on evocation with miscellaneous themes emerged in the the resurgence era of Southern Song Dynasty.This phenomenon was not only influenced by new ideas in poetics and the studies of Confucian classics in the Southern Song Dynasty but also directly stemmed from the resistance against the poetic system represented by the Jiangxi poetry school.The group poems based on evocation with miscellaneous themes of poets such as Lu You,Yang Wanli,and Fan Chengda exhibit a tendency opposite to the Jiangxi poetic style in terms of their overall characteristics.The rise of evocation with miscellaneous themes poems in the poetic circle of the the resurgence era of Southern Song Dynasty holds significant importance in the history of Song poetry.It represents a rebellious and rule-breaking force that fundamentally protests against the various rules and boundaries established by Song poetics,marking a revolution in the norms of Song poetry.

Empress Influence on the Establishment and Rise in Popularity of the Virgin Mary and Kuan Yin

The feminine spiritual figures of compassion, the Catholic Christian Virgin Mother Mary, and the Chinese Buddhist, Kuan Yin, share a number of traits and attributes in spite of their cultural differences. They also share a common history in the development of their devotional worship through two empresses who identified themselves with their respective cultural icon thereby enhancing their political roles while endearing themselves to the common people through their promotion of the spiritual figures of compassion. This paper seeks to show the parallels between the rise in devotion to the Virgin Mary under the Byzantine Empress Pulcheria （399-453） and the corresponding rise in the interest in, and feminization of, Avalokiteshvara/Kuan Yin under the Tang Dynasty Empress Wu Zetian （625-705）. While there has been a substantial amount written about how ancient political leaders used selected deities as vehicles for asserting their power, there are only a few that have looked at these two unique Empresses and none that compares their influence in the popularization of devotional worship to Mary and Kuan Yin. This study attempts to begin to fill that gap.

The Spread of Chinese-character Culture on the Silk Road During the Tang Dynasty

The spread of Chinese characters and Chinese classic works during the Tang Dynasty presented diversified discourses of acceptance and development in different periods and regions. This was due to the differences in commercial, economic, political, religious, and cultural environments proportional to the real environment's demand for Chinese characters and Chinese classical works. Chinese characters were introduced to Gaochang, Qiuci, Khotan, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam as early as the Han Dynasty, with different development paths in these regions. It is easy to form a long lasting culture spread by Chinese language and characters, as long as official languages are consistent with national or religious languages of the regions. It is difficult to form a long lasting culture spread by official languages and characters if the official languages and characters are inconsistent with either languages of daily life or religious languages. Once there is replacement of official languages and characters, or a change in religious belief, it would cause incompatibility between official languages and daily life languages, Chinese-character culture is bound to decline and gradually fade way. But if there are Han people, they will retain the use of Chinese characters.

Discussion on Color Features of Painting in the Tang Dynasty

In the Tang Dynasty, all economy, politics and culture had a profound influence on painting, and promoted its development, which formed a unique painting charm of Tang Dynasty. For the painting thoughts and aesthetic orientation, the foreign religious art has brought the fresh blood for the painting of the Central Plains of China, the open & diverse culture exchanging between foreign and China broadened people’s horizons, enriched the integration and collocation of color. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty's own social fashion made people purchase the luxury, comfortable life, while the noble & elegant and rich & colorful color style were shown in the painting. Therefore, the changes of painting thoughts and aesthetic orientation in Tang Dynasty enriched the painting color and developed the painting naturally.

Research on County Sheriff Post Reduction and Reset in the Tang Dynasty

Counties of the prim ary political zone have had distinction of hierarchy from the Q in and H an dynasties.T he criteria to distinguish hierarchy included size of population,differences of taxes num ber,com plexity of adm inistrative affairs and im portance of geographic location.All of these w ere to facilitate the adm inistrative m anagem ent. After the establishm ent of T ang dynasty,m any system s of Sui dynasty w ere inherited and the inheritance had its ow n advantages and disadvantages. As direct official of the herdsm en,the county sheriffs( X ian W ei) had a fixed num ber in the early T ang dynasty w hile the num-ber w as reduced because of dow nfall of states and counties during the period of Rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Sim ing in the reign of Suzong and D aizong.In the late T ang dynasty,as econom ic developm ent w as becom ing stable gradually,the central governm ent m ade appropriate adjustm ents to the system of county officials once again.