Experimental study on the effect of wind on pointing accuracy of antenna structures

Wind loads have instantaneity and turbulence characteristics that will lead to pointing errors in antenna structures,and these errors cannot be ignored in high-frequency observations.Using the Tianma 65 m radio telescope(TMRT)as an example object,the pointing errors caused by wind loads are investigated using an accelerometer system.First,the resonant frequency range of the antenna structure is used for reference to acquire useful signals through the bandpass filtering method.Then,the direct current(DC)component of these signals is filtered out using the fast discrete Fourier transform method,and the baseline of the acceleration is corrected using the least-squares method.Finally,the acceleration integral is solved approximately using the discrete trapezoidal area method,and the structural vibration displacement of the antenna is determined using a double integral of acceleration.The pointing errors are then obtained based on the displacement relationship between the primary and subreflector surfaces.When the wind speed is 3.2 m/s,the antenna pitch angle is 61.7°and the wind direction angle is 80°,the generated pitch pointing error is 3.05'',and the azimuth pointing error is 1.14''.These results are consistent with those obtained via inclinometer measurements,thus validating the signal processing method and the pointing error calculation method proposed in this paper.The research methods and data analysis results reported here provide a basis for further wind-induced pointing error correction studies.

NEW APPROACH FOR RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION:MINIMUM ERROR POINT

Conventional reliability-based design optimization （RBDO） requires to use the most probable point （MPP） method for a probabilistic analysis of the reliability constraints. A new approach is presented, called as the minimum error point （MEP） method or the MEP based method, for reliability-based design optimization, whose idea is to minimize the error produced by approximating performance functions. The MEP based method uses the first order Taylor＇s expansion at MEP instead of MPP. Examples demonstrate that the MEP based design optimization can ensure product reliability at the required level, which is very imperative for many important engineering systems. The MEP based reliability design optimization method is feasible and is considered as an alternative for solving reliability design optimization problems. The MEP based method is more robust than the commonly used MPP based method for some irregular performance functions.

PROXIMAL POINT ALGORITHM WITH ERRORS FOR GENERALIZED STRONGLY NONLINEARQUASIVARIATIONAL INCLUSIONS

In this paper, a class of generalized strongly nonlinear quasivariational inclusions are studied. By using the properties of the resolvent operator associated with a maximal monotone; mapping in Hilbert space, an existence theorem of solutions for generalized strongly nonlinear quasivariational inclusion is established and a new proximal point algorithm with errors is suggested for finding approximate solutions which strongly converge to the exact solution of the generalized strongly, nonlinear quasivariational inclusion. As special cases, some known results in this field are also discussed.

Effect of beam-pointing errors on bistatic SAR imaging

The purpose is to conduct a research in the energy variation of echo wave and the imaging effect caused by the aero bistatic SAR pointing errors. Based on the moving geometry configuration of aero bistatic SAR, a model of beam pointing errors is built. Based on this, the azimuth Doppler frequency center estimation caused by these errors and the limitation to the beam pointing synchronization error are studied, and then the imaging result of different errors are analyzed. The computer＇s simulations are provided to prove the validity of the above analysis.

Cubature Kalman Filter Under Minimum Error Entropy With Fiducial Points for INS/GPS Integration

Traditional cubature Kalman filter(CKF)is a preferable tool for the inertial navigation system(INS)/global positioning system(GPS)integration under Gaussian noises.The CKF,however,may provide a significantly biased estimate when the INS/GPS system suffers from complex non-Gaussian disturbances.To address this issue,a robust nonlinear Kalman filter referred to as cubature Kalman filter under minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF-CKF)is proposed.The MEEF-CKF behaves a strong robustness against complex nonGaussian noises by operating several major steps,i.e.,regression model construction,robust state estimation and free parameters optimization.More concretely,a regression model is constructed with the consideration of residual error caused by linearizing a nonlinear function at the first step.The MEEF-CKF is then developed by solving an optimization problem based on minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF)under the framework of the regression model.In the MEEF-CKF,a novel optimization approach is provided for the purpose of determining free parameters adaptively.In addition,the computational complexity and convergence analyses of the MEEF-CKF are conducted for demonstrating the calculational burden and convergence characteristic.The enhanced robustness of the MEEF-CKF is demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations on the application of a target tracking with INS/GPS integration under complex nonGaussian noises.

Thermal Error Modeling Method with the Jamming of Temperature-Sensitive Points'Volatility on CNC Machine Tools

Aiming at the deficiency of the robustness of thermal error compensation models of CNC machine tools, the mechanism of improving the models＇ robustness is studied by regarding the Leaderway-V450 machining center as the object. Through the analysis of actual spindle air cutting experimental data on Leaderway-V450 machine, it is found that the temperature-sensitive points used for modeling is volatility, and this volatility directly leads to large changes on the collinear degree among modeling independent variables. Thus, the forecasting accuracy of multivariate regression model is severely affected, and the forecasting robustness becomes poor too. To overcome this effect, a modeling method of establishing thermal error models by using single temperature variable under the jamming of temperature-sensitive points＇ volatility is put forward. According to the actual data of thermal error measured in different seasons, it is proved that the single temperature variable model can reduce the loss of fore- casting accuracy resulted from the volatility of tempera- ture-sensitive points, especially for the prediction of cross quarter data, the improvement of forecasting accuracy is about 5 μm or more. The purpose that improving the robustness of the thermal error models is realized, which can provide a reference for selecting the modelingindependent variable in the application of thermal error compensation of CNC machine tools.

An Error Equivalent Model of Revolute Joints with Clearances for Antenna Pointing Mechanisms

Joint clearances in antenna pointing mechanisms lead to uncertainty in function deviation. Current studies mainly focus on radial clearance of revolute joints, while axial clearance has rarely been taken into consideration. In fact, own?ing to errors from machining and assembly, thermal deformation and so forth, practically, axial clearance is inevitable in the joint. In this study, an error equivalent model(EEM) of revolute joints is proposed with considering both radial and axial clearances. Compared to the planar model of revolute joints only considering radial clearance, the journal motion inside the bearing is more abundant and matches the reality better in the EEM. The model is also extended for analyzing the error distribution of a spatial dual?axis("X–Y" type) antenna pointing mechanism of Spot?beam antennas which especially demand a high pointing accuracy. Three case studies are performed which illustrates the internal relation between radial clearance and axial clearance. It is found that when the axial clearance is big enough, the physical journal can freely realize both translational motion and rotational motion. While if the axial clearance is limited, the motion of the physical journal will be restricted. Analysis results indicate that the consideration of both radial and axial clearances in the revolute joint describes the journal motion inside the bearing more precise. To further validate the proposed model, a model of the EEM is designed and fabricated. Some suggestions on the design of revolute joints are also provided.

Quantum search for unknown number of target items by hybridizing fixed-point method with trail-and-error method

For the unsorted database quantum search with the unknown fraction λ of target items, there are mainly two kinds of methods, i.e., fixed-point and trail-and-error.(i) In terms of the fixed-point method, Yoder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.113 210501(2014)] claimed that the quadratic speedup over classical algorithms has been achieved. However, in this paper, we point out that this is not the case, because the query complexity of Yoder’s algorithm is actually in O(1/λ01/2)rather than O(1/λ1/2), where λ0 is a known lower bound of λ.(ii) In terms of the trail-and-error method, currently the algorithm without randomness has to take more than 1 times queries or iterations than the algorithm with randomly selected parameters. For the above problems, we provide the first hybrid quantum search algorithm based on the fixed-point and trail-and-error methods, where the matched multiphase Grover operations are trialed multiple times and the number of iterations increases exponentially along with the number of trials. The upper bound of expected queries as well as the optimal parameters are derived. Compared with Yoder’s algorithm, the query complexity of our algorithm indeed achieves the optimal scaling in λ for quantum search, which reconfirms the practicality of the fixed-point method. In addition, our algorithm also does not contain randomness, and compared with the existing deterministic algorithm, the query complexity can be reduced by about 1/3. Our work provides a new idea for the research on fixed-point and trial-and-error quantum search.

A New Algorithm of Roundness Error Separation Technique of Three-point Method

Through the analysis of roundness error separation technique of three-point method and based on the invariability and periodicity of the geometrical characteristic of measured round contour, a new matrix algorithm, which can be used to solve directly the roundness of the measured round contour without Fourier transform, is presented. On the basis of the research and analysis of the rotation error movement which is separated by using the three-point method, a mathematical equation is derived, which can be used to separate the eccentric motion of least square center of measured round contour and the pure rotation motion error of spindle in rotation motion. The correctness of this method is validated by means of simulation.

Endemic error correction model and quantitative analysis of precise point positioning

To identify the endemic error of the precise point positioning which cannot be weakened or eliminated in precise point positioning (PPP) zero-difference model, the 24 h observation data acquired from CHAN station on Oct 31st, 2010, were adopted for analyses, different correction models of various errors were discussed and their influences on traditional zero-difference model were analyzed. The results show that the errors cannot be ignored. They must be corrected with suitable models and estimated with auxiliary parameters. The influence magnitudes of all errors are defined, and the results have guiding significance to improve the accuracy of precise point positioning zero-difference model.

ASYMPTOTIC ERROR EXPANSIONS OF QUADRATIC SPLINE COLLOCATION SOLUTIONS FOR TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

In this paper, we consider the following problem:The quadratic spline collocation, with uniform mesh and the mid-knot points are taken as the collocation points for this problem is considered. With some assumptions, we have proved that the solution of the quadratic spline collocation for the nonlinear problem can be written as a series expansions in integer powers of the mesh-size parameter. This gives us a construction method for using Richardson’s extrapolation. When we have a set of approximate solution with different mesh-size parameter a solution with high accuracy can he obtained by Richardson’s extrapolation.

基于线结构光扫描的工件高精度三维测量方法

为了提高工业中对复杂轮廓工件的测量精度和效率,设计了一套高精度非接触三维测量系统,并提出了一种基于线结构光扫描的工件轮廓三维测量方法。首先,利用高精度相机和三轴移动平台采集线结构光图像。然后,通过基于差分区间的灰度质心算法,精确而高效地提取出线结构光中心线,并生成原始点云模型。接着,对采集到的点云数据进行必要的点云滤波和精简预处理。最后,将预处理后的点云数据与CAD模型精确配准,进行工件表面轮廓的测量与误差评定。实验结果表明:测量工件轮廓高度的绝对误差小于0.07 mm,相对误差小于0.5%。所提出的三维测量系统及方法测量误差较低,能够实现工件的高精度三维测量,具有一定的工业应用价值。

混凝土粗糙面几何特征采集的压饼拓模法试验研究

提出适用于粗糙面几何特征采集的压饼拓模法,并介绍了压饼仪构造及使用方法,使用此方法进行了5种不同预置时长的超轻黏土物理性能和拓印精度试验。结果表明:当黏土开封预置2h左右时,可获得最优拓模精度;塑性沉陷值比含水率更适宜作为界面粗糙度拓模精度控制的黏土物理性质评价指标,当黏土塑性沉陷值不小于1.5mm时,对应点平均误差在0.3mm以内;回弹值对拓模精度影响不大。同时采取增大按压压力、二次按揉、附加刚性背板等措施进行拓模精度影响研究。结果表明:按压压力不应小于50N;二次按揉可提高模印精度;采用刚开封黏土时,附加刚性背板措施可实现高精度即时脱模,其对应点平均误差在0.12mm以内。

无人机双目视觉鲁棒定位方法

无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)在全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)信号拒止环境中的应用受到限制,传统视觉同步定位与建图(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术一定程度上解决了该问题,但在动态场景和弱纹理场景中定位精度较差。针对该问题提出一种基于双目视觉的多场景鲁棒SLAM方法,重点考虑了真实环境中的动态和弱纹理2类具有挑战性的场景,利用双目相机为UAV在动态和弱纹理场景中提供位姿信息。针对动态场景利用掩膜基于区域的卷积神经网络(mask region-based convolutional neural network,Mask R-CNN)分割潜在动态内容并剔除动态特征,通过计算稠密光流同步相邻帧的掩膜,减小了掩膜的计算成本。对于弱纹理场景,在传统SLAM算法使用的点特征基础上融合了线特征,充分利用了环境中的结构特征。数值模拟和仿真实验证明了本文算法具有更高的鲁棒性和精确性。

射电望远镜基于座架温度的热致指向误差建模

温度是影响高频大型射电望远镜性能的关键因素之一。以天马望远镜(TMRT)为例,研究了座架节点温度与天线指向之间的关系,提出了基于节点温度的指向误差修正模型构建方法。将指向误差视为座架节点温度的线性组合,以节点的温度灵敏度作为特征条件优化自变量的个数,将北极附近源2344+8226的指向测试结果作为样本集,与自变量简化前后的温度模型的效果进行对比。同时,这两种温度模型也进行了有限元分析验证,模型计算和有限元分析结果都与样本集相吻合。为了验证模型的通用性,对比分析了模型简化前后在4个季度的表现,结果表明简化后的温度模型预测效果更佳。建立的基于节点温度的指向误差修正模型的快速计算结果,也为座架热致指向误差实时修正提供数据支持。

南极光学天文望远镜控制软件关键技术

南极天文望远镜控制软件是望远镜软件系统的重要组成部分,是控制计算机在望远镜用户层和设备层之间运行的关键技术。对于用户层,控制软件需具备全自动观测的交互接口、卫星通信条件下的远程访问和故障诊断等功能;对于设备层,控制软件不但要完成对天体目标的精确指向和精密跟踪、计算并补偿系统误差和控制关键部件以达到目标像质,而且需实现对电源分配系统、除霜及加热系统的控制、设备及环境信息的采集和监测等。相比于普通台址,在南极大陆运行的光学天文望远镜有其独特的特点,控制软件需进行特殊设计。本文重点从操作系统选择、远程建立望远镜指向误差修正模型方法、全自动观测软件接口、卫星通信及远程运维、望远镜实时状态监测和故障诊断等方面探讨了南极天文光学望远镜控制软件的关键技术和设计原则,并展望未来技术的发展,为南极天文望远镜的研制和控制系统研发提供技术储备。

随机误差传递的高空气象秒级数据快速校验方法

【目的】为保证气象预报结果的准确性。【方法】提出了考虑随机误差传递的高空气象秒级数据快速校验方法。对高空气象秒级数据进行预处理,包括数据中心化处理、特征点提取。数据中心化的处理方式为实施各组数据的加权平均处理,获得新的数据组作为基准数据;特征点提取使用的处理方法为遍历法,需要遍历全部数据点。考虑数据获取过程中的随机误差传递情况,对预处理后的高空气象秒级数据实施空间一致性检查、内部一致性检查。应用集合经验模态分解EEMD(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition)算法与对比源反演CSI(Contrast Source Inversion)算法构建基于CSI-EEMD的高空气象秒级数据快速校验模型,实施数据得到快速校验。【结果】测试结果表明,该方法能够实现4个气象站数据的快速校验,校验结果的均方根误差与平均绝对误差均低于0.1,实现了数据的质量控制。【结论】将该方法应用于气象站数据校验中,可以实现精准度的数据校验,具有一定的实用价值。

基于曲面控制点重构的加工误差在机测量方法

为了提高汽车车身外覆盖件模具的加工精度,提出一种在机测量自由曲面加工误差的方法。首先基于改进波前法生成三角网格,提取理论曲面网格节点的坐标数据,根据在机测量得到实际加工曲面的采样数据;然后基于T-splines的小波控制点法进行曲面重构,拟合加工曲面;最后基于广义牛顿法计算重构的实际曲面控制点到理论曲面的法向距离,获得曲面的加工误差分布,并对实验加工的凹凸曲面样件的轮廓度误差进行分析。实验结果表明,基于T-splines控制点法的曲面重构方法能够在机、有效地获得自由曲面的加工误差。

数控轧辊磨床圆柱度三点测量原理及仿真分析

针对数控轧辊磨床圆柱度离线式两点法不能参与程序运算,难以将测量过程中产生的多种误差分离出来的问题,提出一种三点圆柱度误差分离的方法。该方法将误差分离技术(EST)应用到轧辊圆柱度测量上,并基于MATLAB平台建立了该方法的数学模型。为验证该三点法的优势,预设10个轧辊截面轮廓进行误差分离仿真并分析。结果表明,三点圆柱度测量法能参与程序运算,有效分离出轧辊各截面圆度误差、各截面之间的半径差、各截面最小二乘圆心初始位置同时还可以分离出回转轴的回转误差和直行导轨的直行运动误差,为进一步实现轧辊圆柱度的精密测量打下基础。

基于改进RANSAC的本质矩阵求解方法

针对在单目系统大尺寸测量场景下使用RANSAC算法求解本质矩阵时稳定性和求解精度不高的问题,提出了一种改进RANSAC的本质矩阵求解方法,首先在所有匹配特征点中,通过当前内点求得的本质矩阵对剩余匹配特征点进行重投影误差,并采用相对判别法通过这些误差的值大小来确定当前内点是否为高质量内点,之后在此基础上采用二分法动态调整阈值从若干本质矩阵中寻找最优值。最后,设计了多组视角不同误匹配率下的仿真实验和实际拍摄的实验,实验证明,相较于传统与其他改进的RANSAC算法及LMedS算法,本文改进的算法能够快速确定初始内点并自适应调整阈值,同时求出较好的本质矩阵,满足求解稳定性与精度的要求。