Epidemiological Clinical and Histological Aspects of Gynecological and Breast Cancer in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological clinical and histological aspects of gynecological and breast cancers in Pointe-Noire. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study that took place in the cancerology and internal medicine department during the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021, i.e. a period of 10 years. Women with histological diagnosis of gynecological and breast cancers were included in our study. The variables studied were: frequency, age, alcohol and tobacco consumption, histological type, stage of extension, location of cancer. Bivariate analysis was done between age and location of the tumour. The statistical test used was the KHI2 test. The results were statistically significant for a value of p RESULTS: We collected 400 files from women with cancer. Among the 400 files, 265 were represented by gynecological and breast cancers, that is a frequency of 65.43%. Among the 265 cases of gynecological and breast cancer identified during this study period, breast cancer represented the first rank with 52% frequency. Cervical cancer accounted for 41% followed by ovarian cancer (5%) and endometrial (2%). Cancer of vulva was represented by a single case. The average age of patients with gynecological and breast cancers during our study was 52 ± 12 years. The average age of patients with cancer of the breast, cervix, ovarian, endometrial was respectively 49 ± 11.97 years, 54.73 ± 12.91 years old, 50 ± 14 years, 67 ± 14.24 years, the age of the vulva cancer patient was 51 years old. The histological type of breast cancer was represented by infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma in 91% of cases, invasive lobular carcinoma in 7% and sarcoma in 2%. Cervical cancers were represented by squamous cell carcinomas in 95% of cases and adenocarcinomas in 5% of cases. Vulva cancer was represented by squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer was represented by epithelial tumors (adenocarcinoma) in 100% of cases. Endometrial cancers were represented by endometrial adenocarcinoma. All cancers were diagnosed at advanced stages (locoregional and metastatic stage). Patients over the age of 50 had more gynecological and breast cancers;but this result was not significant. CONCLUSION: Gynecological and breast cancers are frequent and constitute the first cancer of Congolese women in Pointe-Noire. Breast cancer is the first cancer followed by cancer of the cervix and ovaries. The histological types are those of the literature. Patients with gynecological and breast cancers consult at very advanced stages.

Papulosa Nigra Dermatosis Another Factor Associated with Cardio-Vascular Diseases?

Objectives: To determine the correlation between dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients and Method: A retrospective study was conducted between April 2022 and March 2023 in cardiology at Loandjili General Hospital. Were included all adult patients older than 18 years of age presenting with DPN, and divided into two groups according to the presence of CVD. Hypertension (HT), endomyocardial fibrosis, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy, chronic pulmonary heart, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and valvular heart disease were retained as CVD. Pregnant women, Peutz Jeghers syndrome and all dermatosis with cardiovascular manifestations were excluded. Studied variables were clinico-demographic, hereditary and behavioral. Results: A total of 55 patients were selected. There were 40 patients with CVD, 15 patients without CVD, 43 women (78.1%) and 12 men (21.8%). Mean age was 52 ± 12.6 years (extremes: 22 - 85 years). There was a significant difference between age and sex (P 0.05). There were 34 hypertensive patients, 10 patients with diabetes mellitus, 7 strokes, 2 endomyocardial fibrosis and 2 ischemic heart diseases. Periorbital location was representative was frequently found in the group with CVD. Hereditary and behavioral factors were involved in the development of DPN and CVD. There was a significant correlation between DPN and onset in childhood (P 0.05), between hypertension and use of medication (P 0.05), and between onset in childhood (P 0.05) and use of mercury containing soap (P 0.05). Conclusion: DPN predominates in young women. The occurrence of CVD depends on DPN location. Hereditary and behavioral factors associated with development of DPN are CVD factor risks.