Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Pyrite Thin Specimens

To explore ways to improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of samples in the micrometer to nanometer range of magnitudes,we adopted analytical transmission electron microscopy(AEM/EDS)for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrite materials.Additionally,the k factor of pyrite is calculated experimentally.To develop an appropriate non-standard quantitative analysis model for pyrite materials,the experimentally calculated k factor is compared with that estimated from the non-standard quantitative analytical model of the instrument software.The experimental findings demonstrate that the EDS attached to a TEM can be employed for precise quantitative analysis of micro-and nanoscale regions of pyrite materials.Furthermore,it serves as a reference for improving the results of the EDS quantitative analysis of other sulfides.

Determination of Element Levels of Lagoon from Townships near Cocody City Abidjan Côte D’Ivoire Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, concentrations average in mg/L of metals such Fe (0.731), Mn (0.345), Cr (0.070), Cu (0.014) and concentrations of nutrients known to be pollutants and toxic for living or-ganisms. These heavy metals are dangerous to the lives, the local inhabitants and also a threat to aquatic life since this water is essential for the economical town, Abidjan. According to the Manganese concentration average (0.345 mg) values that higher than WHO (0.05 mg) value, the main likely source of pollu-tants is anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural. This study also shows the use of materials and lubricants near the lagoon that pollute this water.

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan

This study determines the geochemical and depositional environment analysis of the sediments of the Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation, Northern Kirthar Fold Belt of Pakistan. The Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) technique is used for the detection of major elements and the effects of shifting depositional climatic conditions of six representative samples which were acquired from the Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation at Lakhra area, Sindh, Pakistan. The sedimentological studies clarify that the sediments the Sonahri Member are relatively immature and most migrated in clastic mode. The availability of Silica shows that the Member was formed due to biochemical precipitation and detrital mode and was deposited at a fast rate of sediment deposition under the fluvio-deltaic depositional system. This is also deduced that the rapid rate of sediment deposition might be created a reducing atmosphere and allowing for the mineralization of sulphur.

单波长激发-能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定含铁物料中多种微量及痕量有害元素

采用全聚焦型双曲面弯晶结构所实现的单波长激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法,能有效解决X射线管出射谱中韧致辐射所产生的背景信号,大幅提升元素信噪比,获得较佳的元素特征X射线荧光信号峰背比,降低检出限,可定量分析含铁物料中多种微量及痕量有害元素。称取适量铁矿样品制备成粉末压片,通过对单波长激发性能进行优化,以基本参数法对基体效应进行校正,采用无标样全谱拟合算法对试样进行分析,砷、汞、铅、铬、镉元素的线性相关系数均不小于0.999,其检出限在0.0002%~0.003%,各元素精密度RSD在3.2%~9.0%。用不同方法进行正确度验证,除接近方法检测下限的As及Pb检测结果与对比数据偏差较大之外,其他元素与比对方法的测定结果均吻合。经实验表明,采用双曲面弯晶技术的单波长激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法定量分析含铁物料中低含量有害元素,正确度高、检出限低,明显优于传统能量色散X射线荧光光谱法。

偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法快速测定汽油中微量元素

建立偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定汽油中微量元素含量。样品无需预处理,利用质量分数在0~50μg/g范围的标准工作曲线,消除元素共存干扰影响,使用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定汽油中微量元素。汽油中硫、氯、硅、铅、锰、铁等元素的质量分数与荧光强度的线性相关系数不小于0.9997,样品加标回收率为91.2%~109.4%,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.0%~7.2%(n=6),检出限不大于1.0μg/g。该方法各微量元素测定结果与SH/T 0689—2000《轻质烃及发动机燃料和其他油品的总硫含量测定法(紫外荧光法)》、SH/T 1757—2006《工业芳烃中有机氯的测定微库仑法》、GB/T 33647—2017《车用汽油中硅含量的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法》、GB/T 8020—2015《汽油中铅含量的测定原子吸收光谱法》、NB/SH/T 0711—2019《汽油中锰含量的测定原子吸收光谱法》和SH/T 0712—2002《汽油中铁含量测定法(原子吸收光谱法)》相比较,具有较好的一致性,能够满足汽油中硫、氯、硅、铅、锰、铁等微量元素的快速测定要求。

高灵敏度X射线荧光光谱仪对轻质馏分油中硫含量的快速测定

用高灵敏度能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,建立了快速测定轻质馏分油中硫含量的方法,并对其进行准确性和重复性考察。结果表明,该测定方法在硫含量为0~1000μg·g^(-1)范围内的定量标准曲线具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数(R^(2))为0.9998;样品回收率为95.2%~103.7%,相对标准偏差小于2.07%,可用于轻质馏分油中硫含量的测定。

X-Ray and Mössbauer Study of Magnetic Black Sand from Mayotte Island

Natural magnetic black sands are known from several sites often located in areas of volcanic origin. Their elemental and mineral composition provides information on the geology of their territory and depends on several factors occurred during their formation. A sample of black sand was collected on the seashore of the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean and its magnetic part was investigated by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and MÖssbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The mineral composition is dominantly magnetite, in good agreement with samples collected in other sites of volcanic origin. Contrary to pure magnetite, a relevant fraction of Ti was detected by EDS. The 16% Ti and 1% Mn content increase the magnetite lattice parameter to 8.4312 (25) Å. The broadening of XRD lines pointed towards a significant degree of disorder. This was confirmed by MÖssbauer spectroscopy and is attributed to the presence of Ti replacing Fe in the magnetite lattice. The presence of Ti modifies the local magnetic field on the Fe sites, leading to a broader and more complex MÖssbauer transmission spectrum with respect to the one of pure magnetite. To study the effect of temperature, samples were heated for 12 hours to 600°C and 800°C in argon and to 1000°C in air. Annealing in argon did not improve the crystallinity while annealing in air caused a complete decomposition of magnetite into hematite and pseudobrookite.

Mossbauer,X-Ray and Magnetic Studies of Black Sand from the Italian Mediterranean Sea

The study of natural magnetic sands is instrumental to investigate the geological aspects of their formation and of the origin of their territory. In particular, Mossbauer spectroscopy provides unique information on their iron content and on the oxidation state of iron in their mineral composition. The Italian coast on the Mediterranean Sea near Rome is known for the presence of highly magnetic black sands of volcanic origin. A study of the room temperature Mossbauer spectrum, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements of a sample of black magnetic sand collected on the seashore of the town of Ladispoli is performed. This study reveals magnetite as main constituent with iron in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Minor constituents are the iron minerals hematite and ilmenite, the iron containing minerals diopsite, gossular, and allanite, as well as ubiquitous sanidine, quartz, and calcite.

能量色散X荧光光谱在耐火材料化学成分测定中的应用

分析了目前国内耐火材料检测行业X荧光光谱仪的使用现状,对能量色散X荧光光谱仪测定耐火材料中化学成分分析方法的试样制备、试验条件选择进行了研究,并对能量色散X荧光光谱分析法的准确度和精密度进行了验证。结果表明:能量色散X荧光光谱可以取代进口波长色散X荧光光谱用于耐火材料化学成分的测定。给国内耐火材料企业在选择能量色散X荧光光谱作为化学成分检测手段提供了技术支持,让企业节约设备购置资金,降低日常分析成本。

3D-PEDXRF法快速检测车用汽油中有害元素含量

建立了3D全偏振单色能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(3D-PEDXRF)检测车用汽油中金属元素(锰、铁、铅)和非金属元素(硅、硫、氯)的方法,并对方法的重复性、准确性进行了考察。试验结果表明:车用汽油中6种元素的质量分数在0~50μg/g范围内具有良好的线性关系,各元素的检测下限均可达到1μg/g,重复测定6次结果的相对标准偏差均小于6%,回收率均在95%~105%之间,可满足汽油中硅、硫、氯、锰、铁、铅的分析要求。该方法可实现一台仪器同时检测车用汽油中的6种元素,有效提高分析效率。

能量色散X射线荧光光谱在中药材分析中的研究进展

能量色散X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)是一种对物质中元素进行定性、定量分析的方法。本文在文献调研的基础上阐述了EDXRF技术的基本原理,通过与常用光谱技术进行简单比较分析其优缺点,同时结合中药研究的特点和需求,简述其在中药材元素含量测定、中药材重金属元素含量检测、中药材产地溯源和中药材真伪鉴别等方面的应用现状,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望,以期为该技术更好地用于中药材分析研究提供参考。

Possible Relevance of the Allende Meteorite Conditions in Prebiotic Chemistry: An Insight into the Chondrules and Organic Compounds

The study of the mineral and organic content of the Allende meteorite is important for our understanding of the molecular evolution of the universe as well as the ancient Earth. Previous studies have characterized the magnetic minerals present in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, providing information on the evolution of magnetic fields. The interaction of organic compounds with magnetic minerals is a possible source of chemical diversity, which is crucial for molecular evolution. Carbon compounds in meteorites are of great scientific interest for a variety of reasons, such as their relevance to the origins of chirality in living organisms. This study presents the characterization of organic and mineral compounds in the Allende meteorite. The structural and physicochemical characterization of the Allende meteorite was accomplished through light microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction with complementary Rietveld refinement, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy using magnetic signal methods to determine the complex structure and the interaction of organic compounds with magnetic Ni-Fe minerals. The presence of Liesegang-like patterns of chondrules in fragments of the Allende structure may also be relevant to understanding how the meteorite was formed. Other observations include the presence of magnetic materials and nanorod-like solids with relatively similar sizes as well as the heterogeneous distribution of carbon in chondrules. Signals observed in the Raman and infrared spectra resemble organic compounds such as carbon nanotubes and peptide-like molecules that have been previously reported in other meteorites, making the Mexican Allende meteorite a feasible sample for the study of the early Earth and exoplanetary bodies.

偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱法测定水系沉积物和土壤样品中多种组分

采用粉末样品压片制样,用偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱仪对水系沉积物和土壤样品中多种元素进行测定。除Na,Si和Fe外,其余元素利用经验系数和二级靶的康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应。分别采用了Al2O3,W,BaF2,CsI,Ag,Rb,Mo,Zr,SrF2,KBr,Ge,Fe,Ti和Al等不同偏振靶(或二级靶)对被分析元素进行选择激发和测定。在总测量时间为2 000 s(每个样品)的条件下,除Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,K等轻元素外,其余各元素的检出限达到0.25-14.80μg/g。

高能偏振能量色散-X射线荧光光谱法测定PM_(10)大气颗粒物的组成

为配合X射线衍射分析(XRD)方法对可吸入大气颗粒悬浮物(PM10)的结晶物相进行定性和定量分析的研究工作,本文应用高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱(HE-P-EDXRF)对Whatman玻璃纤维滤膜采集的PM10颗粒物中主、次量元素进行定量分析,着重研究了空气滤膜空白值对测定PM10颗粒物中组成的影响。结果表明,当玻璃纤维滤膜空白值中元素的面密度大于0.1μg/cm2时,需使用玻璃纤维滤膜为载体的标准样品;元素的面密度小于0.1μg/cm2时,可用聚碳酸脂膜为载体的标准样品。对HE-P-EDXRF谱仪测定PM10颗粒物中痕量重元素进行探讨,将测定元素范围扩展到62个元素,其中Na、Mg、S、Y、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu的检岀限>0.1μg/cm2;Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br和Rb的检岀限<0.01μg/cm2;Cl、Al、Si、P、K、Sc、Ti、V、Ge、As、Br、Se、Sr、Zr、Mo、Pd、Rh、In、Nb、Ag、Cd、Te、Sb、Sn、Ba、Cs、La、Ce、Pr、Au、Pt、W、Tl、Pb、Bi、Th和U等元素检出限为0.1～0.01μg/cm2。

钒渣物相结构及钙化焙烧相变对钒转化率的影响因素探讨

运用马弗炉焙烧钒渣得到不同温度阶段的熟料,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针以及能谱仪等对钒渣物相结构、形貌以及焙烧过程中物相组成变化规律等进行详细分析。通过偏光显微镜观察得出钒渣主要由钒尖晶石、金属铁、硅酸盐及钛铁矿等物相组成;通过能谱成分分析得出钒尖晶石为主要含钒物相;通过扫描电镜和电子探针观察钒渣焙烧过程形貌变化,得出钒尖晶石最终氧化分解形成铁板钛矿、氧化铁以及钒酸钙相,认为钒渣物相结构(钒尖晶石晶粒大小、硅酸盐粘结相分布和分散金属铁量的多少)、熟料中钒的存在形式、钒酸钙相的生成含量以及高熔点硅酸盐的形成等都可能会影响钒的转化率高低。

直接粉末制样-小型偏振激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法分析地质样品中多元素

采用小型偏振激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,直接粉末制样法,分析了硅酸盐类岩石、土壤、沉积物样品。实验结果表明,主量元素的总分析精度优于2%RSD,主要受制样精度控制。不同含量的痕量元素的总分析精度一般优于5%RSD,含量低时可达约20%RSD。制样精度(方差)在分析总精度(方差)中所占的比例一般大于50%,且元素原子序数越小、含量越高(计数统计涨落小),所占的比例越大。实验还表明,对于大多数元素,在样品量大于1 g后,分析结果变化不显著;但Ba等重元素在样品量小于5 g时结果受样品量影响显著;实际分析中可以不必称量样品,但应保证所使用的样品量大于5 g。通过作为未知样品分析的标准参考物的分析结果和参校标准物质的回算结果的综合考察,并参照中国地质调查局多目标地球化学调查规范(1∶25万),该方法在常规情况下可定量分析K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、N i、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Ba、Pb、Th等20个元素,过渡金属元素的测定限在10 mg/kg左右。由于制样方法简单,无需制样设备,该方法适合于车载野外现场快速分析。

偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb四种重金属元素

以土壤和水系沉积物标准物质为校准样品,采用粉末样品压片制样,建立了偏振能量色散X-射线荧光光谱仪测定土壤中Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb四种重金属元素的方法。该方法分别采用Ge,Zn,Zr等3个不同二次靶对被分析元素进行选择性激发和测定,利用经验系数和康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应,优化了元素校准曲线方程,实验结果表明,土壤和水系沉积物标准物质准确度实验结果符合定值要求,方法精密度RSD在1.12%～6.09%之间(n=10),Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb四种重金属元素的检出限分别达到2.54、0.93、0.96、0.98 mg/kg。土壤样品测定值与原子吸收法测定结果一致,该方法准确度、精密度、检出限均能满足土壤检测的需要。

偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定硫化物矿石中的铜铅锌

X射线荧光光谱法用于分析矿石主成分的常规制样方法有粉末压片法与玻璃熔融法,但分析硫含量高的地质样品时,前者存在矿物效应和粒度效应问题、后者可能腐蚀贵金属坩埚。为满足矿产勘查的需要,急需一种适应于硫化物矿石主成分分析的制样方法。本文建立了一种硝酸+氢氟酸封闭消解试样,标准溶液校准,偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱(PE-EDXRF)同时测定硫化物样品中铜、铅、锌三种元素的分析方法。用GBW 07162～GBW 07168等7种矿石国家一级标准物质进行精密度和准确度实验。结果表明,当样品中铜、铅、锌元素含量大于1%时,几乎所有样品中的铜、铅、锌元素的精密度(RSD,n=6)优于5%,检测结果与标准值一致性良好。本方法通过样品消解、直接液体进样等技术的应用,消除了粒度效应和矿物效应等基体效应对分析结果的影响,解决了因缺乏基体匹配的标准物质而造成的含量校准的问题,使PE-EDXRF技术可以在硫化物矿石分析中得到比较方便的应用。这种分析方法为实验室矿石分析提供了新手段,也为野外现场PE-EDXRF分析高矿化度样品提供了新途径。

石油及石油产品温度对能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定硫含量结果影响的研究

考察样品温度对能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定硫含量的影响;通过改变样品温度,观察测定结果的变化。结果表明:石油及石油产品的样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果具有显著影响;多数含硫和高硫石油及其产品的样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果的影响呈现正相关关系,低硫石油或低硫石油产品的样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果的影响具有波动性。能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定仪安装测试温度控制装置和改进样品温度自动校正曲线,对控制样品温度对X荧光光谱仪测试结果的准确度是十分必要的。

酸消解-车载偏振能量色散X射线荧光法现场测定祁曼塔格多金属矿中高品位铜铅锌

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(ED-XRF)是勘查与找矿现场常用的分析手段。对于高矿化度样品或矿石样品,由于存在严重的基体效应,难以找到与基体匹配的校准样品,分析数据的准确度会受到严重影响,乃至给出错误的结果,成为制约现场分析高矿化度地质样品的主要难题。本文针对XRF现场分析高矿化样品存在的问题,研制了两种具有双层薄膜结构的液体样品盒,以强酸性溶液进样,应用车载台式偏振激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱(PE-EDXRF)技术,采用标准溶液进行含量校准,二级靶钼Kα谱线的康普顿散射峰作为内标校正基体效应,实现了现场准确分析青海祁曼塔格高原矿区铜铅锌多金属矿石中的铜、铅、锌三种元素。为制备适合PE-EDXRF分析的溶液,在祁曼塔格矿区现场对实验室管理样及未知样品试验了水浴加热与电热板加热两种样品处理方式。采用电热板加热方式,分析2件矿区样品的方法精密度(RSD,n=10)均优于2%;分析4件管理样的方法准确度均优于5%(当含量>5‰时);13件矿区未知样品PE-EDXRF与原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)分析结果的平均相对偏差为:Cu 2.87%(含量范围在0.75%～8.57%),Pb 2.82%(含量范围在0.78%～29.1%),Zn 6.84%(含量范围在0.11%～2.51%),两种方法的分析结果具有很好的一致性。而采用水浴加热方式消解样品,由于在海拔四千多米地区水的沸点仅约为88℃,样品消解不够完全,导致测定结果系统偏低。现场实验和结果表明,在高原低气压环境下,采用电热板加热方式消解样品,结合使用双层膜液体样品盒建立的PE-EDXRF分析方法,可以解决高矿化度样品及矿石样品的较高精度现场分析问题。本文建立的溶液制样方法可以解决基体匹配的难题,结合使用研制的双层膜溶液样品盒保护了仪器,是对粉末制样法PE-EDXRF现场分析技术的一个补充和完善。