Assessment of Mercury in Diagnostic Biomaterials of Different Population Groups in Urban Areas of the Moscow Region

The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts of pregnant women and children) to assess the contents of mercury in samples of various diagnostic biomaterials taken during the course of research are presented. Mercury concentrations in venous and umbilical cord blood, urine, hair, and nails were determined by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Peculiarities of selection, transportation, storage, and preparation for analysis of samples of hair, nails, urine and umbilical venous blood are described. The determined concentrations of mercury in the studied diagnostic biomaterials are compared with normal and thresholds values. Although increased mercury concentrations were observed in some cases, no significant exposure of mercury was evident in general in the study towns. A positive correlation between the degree of consumption of seafood during pregnancy and a high content of mercury in the analyzed diagnostic biomaterials was shown.

无火焰非色散原子荧光法测定头发、尿及指甲中微量汞

本文研究了无火焰非色散原子荧光法测定头发、尿及指甲中微量汞的方法。方法简便快速、灵敏。在选定的条件下,方法检出限为:头发0.0025μg/g Hg,尿0.0023μg/ml Hg,指甲0.0020μgHg/g。工作曲线线性范围0.001～0.100μg/2ml Hg。相对标准偏差(n=16)小于4％;标准回收率95％～106％。36种共存元素其含量低于允许存在量,不干扰汞的测定。

极谱分析人员头发、指甲和尿中的汞含量及其评价

为查明汞在极谱分析人员体内吸收、积累与排泄情况，用无火焰原子荧光法测定了２１例极谱分析人员（检查组）和２２例非接触汞人员（对照组）头发、指甲和尿中的汞．结果表明，检查组头发、指甲和尿中汞含量均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）；性别之间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；汞的积累与接触汞史有关，与年龄无关．发汞和指甲汞远比尿汞高，且含量稳定，因而头发和指甲的监测可作为血清和尿分析的补充手段，在职业病及环境医学方面甚至可代替尿汞监测。