Proteomic analysis provides insights into the function of Polian vesicles in the sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus post-evisceration

The Polian vesicle is the main accessory structure in the water vascular system of sea cucumbers.It can function to hold water vascular fluid under slight pressure and act as a hematopoiesis,excretory,and inflammatory response organ.Being the only organ to remain after evisceration,the Polian vesicle may function in the survival and regeneration of sea cucumber.We performed Tandem Mass Tag(TMT)-based proteomics to identify how proteins in the Polian vesicle of Apostichopus japonicus respond to evisceration.Among the 8453 proteins identified from vesicle samples before evisceration(PVOh)and at 6-h post-evisceration(PV6h)and 3-d post-evisceration(PV3d),we detected 222 differentially abundant proteins(DAPs).Most of the annotated DAPs were associated with cell growth and proliferation,immune response and wound healing,substance transport and metabolism,cytoskeleton/cilia/flagella,extracellular matrix,energy production and conversion,protein synthesis and modification,and signal recognition and transduction.Compared with PVOh,fewer DAPs were identified at PV6h,and more DAPs were found at PV3d,and these DAPs were widely distributed among multiple biological processes.Our results indicate that a wide range of biological processes was induced in Polian vesicles in response to evisceration.In particular,Polian vesicles may play important roles in the re storation of coelomocyte s,immune defense,and wound healing in sea cucumber.We propose that the Polian vesicle may be involved in visceral regeneration through nutrition and energy supply and by promoting dedifferentiation and migration.Together,these results provided new insights into the function of the Polian vesicle in A.japonicus post-evisceration.

仿刺参水管系统与体腔间物质交换问题探究

仿刺参具有复杂的水管系统,其内充满体腔液和体腔细胞,但与体腔中的体腔液及体腔细胞存在显著差异。为进一步探究仿刺参水管系统与体腔的关联性及连通性,利用多种物质进行体腔注射,通过检测注射物在体腔和水管系统(以波里氏囊为代表)内的分布,分析仿刺参水管系统与体腔间物质交换问题。试验结果显示:注射甜菜红后6 h,体腔液和波里氏囊腔液(简称囊腔液)均被着色;注射谷胱甘肽硫基转移酶标签蛋白后6 h和12 h,体腔液中可检测到大量外源蛋白,囊腔液中也有外源蛋白存在;注射荧光微球后6 h和12 h,体腔液中可观察到大量荧光微球分布,而囊腔液中未发现;注射大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌后6、12、24、72 h,体腔液中均有大量细菌分布,而囊腔液中未分离到细菌。试验结果表明,仿刺参水管系统和体腔间并非无限畅通,小分子和生物大分子等可溶性物质可以流通于体腔和水管系统之间,但外源颗粒物和细菌则不能通过体腔进入水管系统。试验结果可为后续研究仿刺参水管系统的生理结构和在机体中的生物学作用提供基础数据。

转录组测序解析刺参波里氏囊腔与体腔中体腔细胞对吐脏胁迫的响应差异

刺参的体腔细胞大量存在于体腔液与水管系统内,广泛参与机体的营养输送、代谢以及免疫等多种功能。刺参吐脏时,体腔中体腔细胞近乎排尽,而后迅速恢复。波里氏囊是刺参吐脏后仅存的内脏器官,囊腔内体腔细胞在吐脏后也快速增加,表现出积极的响应。为研究探讨刺参吐脏后再生早期体腔细胞快速增加的作用与意义,本文分别对刺参吐脏后6 h与吐脏前波里氏囊腔和体腔中体腔细胞进行转录组测序,比较了波里氏囊腔与体腔中体腔细胞在吐脏胁迫下的基因表达变化。结果显示,波里氏囊腔内体腔细胞在吐脏前后有267个基因显著差异表达,差异基因大量富集至GO功能注释的酶催化活性亚类以及甘氨酸、丝氨酸与苏氨酸代谢等KEGG通路。体腔中体腔细胞在吐脏前后有922个基因显著差异表达,差异基因显著富集到GO功能注释的细胞黏附、生物黏附等亚类以及细胞外基质受体互作、转化生长因子-β与FoxO等KEGG通路。研究结果对于进一步研究刺参体腔细胞的功能及揭示刺参吐脏后的再生机制提供了重要基础。