Long-term care policy simulation of disabled elderly

With the accelerating process of population aging in our country, the physical function of the elderly will decline, the possibility of suffering from acute and chronic diseases will increase, and the occurrence of disability will become more common and normal. The potential demand for elderly care is rapidly increasing. With the growth, the care of the disabled elderly has become increasingly acute. At the same time, due to the intensification of family miniaturization and population migration, the traditional family-based long-term care has been difficult to sustain. How to incorporate long-term care into our social security system as soon as possible has become the focus of the whole society. The thesis through the combination of public policy simulation methods and the research data, the long-term care insurance system implemented at the beginning of 2018 in Shanghai is a policy blueprint. It uses statistical software SPSS, MATLAB, etc. to achieve data collation, analysis and prediction, and at the same time integrates the pilot of the long-term care insurance system. The implementation of policies in cities such as Qingdao and Nantong has been simulated. Finally, on the basis of simulation results, suggestions have been made for the future development of China＇s long-term care insurance system.

Gender medicine:Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Gender-specific differences in the prevalence,incidence,comorbidities,prognosis,severity,risk factors,drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented.We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years,and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens,guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies.Subsequently,through the lens of gender,we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions:Asthma,obesity and overweight,chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019.As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence,we focus on this developmental stage.Finally,we propose a model which is based on three influential issues:(1)Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions,rather than a single disease;(2)The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages;and(3)An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors(ethnicity,socio-demographic variables,minorities,lifestyle habits etc.).Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines,already among adolescents,may reduce inequities,facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender.

Policy Guiding and Dividend Behavior of Public Corporations

Reviewing the background of dividend policy adopted by public corporations in China, this paper investigates the relationship between dividend policy of public corporation and the state supervisory policy upon the promulgation and implementation of Regulatory Measures on New Issues of Public Corporations in 2001. We collect all listed companies with dividend distribution from 1992 to 2002 as sample data. The results of analyses indicate that corporate dividend is affected evidently by the state supervisory policy and different majority shareholders have distinct reaction to governance. The majority shareholders are obviously motivated to maximize their benefits and evade the supervision from the state. At last we propose that supervisory policy of corporations should adopt unambiguous guideline.

Policy stakeholder perspectives on barriers and facilitators to launching a community-wide mass drug administration program for soil-transmitted helminths

Background:Recent evidence suggests that soil-transmitted helminth(STH)transmission interruption may be feasible through community-wide mass drug administration(cMDA)that deworms community members of all ages.A change from school-based deworming to cMDA will require reconfiguring of STH programs in endemic countries.We conducted formative qualitative research in Benin,India,and Malawi to identify barriers and facilitators to successfully launching a cMDA program from the policy-stakeholder perspective.Methods:We conducted 40 key informant interviews with policy stakeholders identified as critical change agents at national,state/district,and sub-district levels.Participants included World Health Organization country office staff,implementing partners,and national and sub-national government officials.We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to guide data collection,coding,and analysis.Heat maps were used to organize coded data and differentiate perceived facilitators and barriers to launching cMDA by stakeholder.Results:Key facilitators to launching a cMDA program included availability of high-quality,tailored sensitization materials,and human and material resources that could be leveraged from previous MDA campaigns.Key barriers included the potential to overburden existing health workers,uncertainty of external funding to sustain a cMDA program,and concerns about weak intragovernmental coordination to implement cMDA.Cross-cutting themes included the need for rigorous trial evidence on STH transmission interruption to gain confidence in cMDA,and implemen-tation evidence to effectively operationalize cMDA.Importantly,if policy stakeholders anticipate a cMDA program cannot be sustained due to cost and human resource barriers in the long term they may be less likely to support the launch of a program in the short term.Conclusions:Overall,policy stakeholders were optimistic about implementing cMDA primarily because they believe that the tools necessary to successfully implement cMDA are already available.Policy stakeholders in this study were cautiously optimistic about launching cMDA to achieve STH transmission interruption and believe that it is feasible to implement.However,launching cMDA as an alternative policy to school-based deworming will require addressing key resource and evidence barriers.

Social Media and Education： Ethical Considerations in an Electronic Age

This paper first explores the concepts of values and ethics, utilizing a social work framework. It proceeds to examine various dilemmas involved in communicating with others via social media tools. Historic boundary issues between students and faculty are discussed, as well as emerging dilemmas that are becoming prevalent within electronic communicative networks （e.g., Skype, Facebook, Myspace, Linkedln, Twitter, and Texting）. The need for policy guidelines within academic environments in the use of social media is emphasized, Similar to the National Association of Social Workers （NASW） Code of Ethics, Arizona State University （ASU） is cited as a model in providing some structure regarding staff responsibility and unethical conduct within its academic setting. An enhancement of these guidelines to include electronic communication is recommended. Guidance is necessary to promote responsible communication, as the right to privacy, freedom of speech, and anonymity are all illusions of invulnerability.

DESIGNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE SUSTAINABILITY: ONTARIO CASE STUDIES FOR RETROFITS AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

The Low Impact Development (LID) approach has been implemented worldwide for managing stormwater quantity and quality within the context of land development, re-development, and retrofits within an existing development site. Since the inception of the concept in the 1990s, the application of LID has covered different land uses, spatial scales, and environmental objectives, leading to an expanded vision for applying and testing the LID approach. Recently, holistic methodologies and frameworks have linked land planning to key ecological landscapes larger than the previous site scale practice. This new emerging paradigm considers the watershed, subwatershed, and neighbourhood, in addition to the site scale, and consequently, recommends a landscape-based LID and broader Green Infrastructure (GI) solutions (Benedict and McMahon, 2002;Tzoulas et al, 2007;NRDC, 2011). As part of the holistic understanding of land planning and environmental features and functions within the intended spatial scale, LID and GI measures have been designed and constructed as retrofit measures (i.e., measures implemented within existing development) and as measures implemented within new development areas. Under this new paradigm, the land planning context is linked to environmental objectives to provide end points for environmental conservation and restoration within an ecological landscape such as watersheds, subwatersheds, and stream corridors. This paper presents three case studies for the design and construction of LID and GI measures within different land use contexts and for providing multiple environmental objectives.