Environment Restricts and Policy Choice in International Harmonization of Accounting Standards and Effect Evaluation——Evidence from the Non-monetary Transaction

The paper tests accounting earnings quality of the non-monetary transaction standard before and after the revision, and comes to the conclusion that the standard revision under domestic conditions which restricts the use of fair value and does not recognize exchange revenues effectively prevents the company from managing earnings to improve earnings quality. The earnings management of the public companies has become more difficult, and earnings quality has been improved. But the earnings management of the public company does not decrease, some public companies make earnings management by other ways, The researcher provides direct evidence in explaining environment restricts have a role in accounting internationalization, explaining the difficulties of standard-making.

Global Planted Forest Development: Opportunities,Challenges and Policy Choices

In recent decades, there has seen a dramatic expansion of global planted forest area and their great impact on human life. It is reported in Forest Resource Assessment 2010 that the current area of global planted forests is about 264 million ha, representing only 7% of the total forest area but able to meet the two thirds of the global demand for logs. Planted forests can not only provide timber, fiber, fuel and non-wood forest products, but also contribute to carbon sequestration, restoration of degraded land, landscape rehabilitation and watershed protection. Besides, planted forests can also provide the recreation and amusement for people. In such sense, in the coming decades, planted forests, driven by various factors such as social- economic conditions, market, consumers' demand and new technologies, will have good opportunities for development, and will also increase their contribution to achieving the series of development objectives worldwide. In the meanwhile, the development of planted forests is also constrained by the factors like policies, laws, regulations, technologies and funds, and therefore faced with the challenges in terms of eco- environment preservation, economic development and protection of community interests. Based on the long- term monitoring and research of planted forest development as well as the field study of planted forests abroad, the paper identified the opportunities and challenges in the development of global planted forests through such methods as the SWOT, policy analysis and the others, and proposed the policy choices for promoting the sustainable development of planted forests: 1) There is a need to further understand the functions of planted forests and the importance of the degraded land restoration; 2) A good institutional guarantee and investment environment should be created for the planted forest development; 3) The advanced concepts and methods in terms of the planted forests management should be actively promoted and applied; 4) There is a need to put more focus on environment management and social responsibility; 5) The intensive management of planted forests needs to rely on science and technology support; 6) The international cooperation should be strengthened to jointly facilitate the sustainable development of planted forests.

Structural Deceleration,Financial Expansion and Policy Selection:China's Economic Prospects for 2014

China's economic performance in 2013 has verified that China's economic slowdown is structural rather than cyclical.Current economic growth has been driven primarily by investment in infrastructure and real estate sector.Consumption is sluggish and exports recovery is unsustainable.Financial expansion is a major instrument in offsetting the deceleration of China's economic growth in 2013.But structural root cause of slowdown remains.According to cash flow statement,balance sheet and cross-border capital flow,risks of China's financial system are accumulating under the backdrop of financial expansion.Financial system should play its role of resource allocation and refrain from stimulating demand.Future policy choice will shift from short-term macro policy to institutional reform,including political reform,reform of supply mechanism,balancing between macro-stability policy and structural transition,and reform of financial system.

Can China Realize CO_2 Mitigation Target toward 2020?

本文基于动态CGE模型构建了一个能源-经济-环境模型,对2020年的CO2减排的潜力和政策选择进行了模拟。结果显示,碳税和投资调整是减缓CO2排放增长的有效政策手段,但它们对GDP会产生负面影响。加快技术进步可以同时促进减排和经济增长。在高技术进步+中碳税,以及低技术进步+中碳税+中投资调整的情景下,中国2020年的CO2排放量将达到92.7-95.5亿t,CO2排放强度将为1.38-1.43t 万元-1。根据中国政府提出的2020年的减排目标,中国CO2排放强度需要由2005年的2.41t 万元-1降到2020年的1.45t 万元-1(2007年不变价表示)。但要实现这40%的减排目标并非易事,因为在正常的技术进步条件下再提高能源效率需要更多的投资来进行设备更新和技术改造。另外,未来的能源供给约束对CO2减排也会产生深刻的影响。未来中国应该大力发展低碳技术,国际社会应该支持中国发展低碳技术。