BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.In China,the pandemic was controlled after 2 mo through effective policies and containment measures.Describing the detailed policies and containment measures used to control the epidemic in Chongqing will provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other areas of the world.AIM To explore the effects of different policies and containment measures on the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing.METHODS Epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Chongqing were prospectively collected from January 21 to March 15,2020.The policies and prevention measures implemented by the government during the epidemic period were also collected.Trend analysis was performed to explore the impact of the main policy measures on the effectiveness of the control of COVID-19 in Chongqing.As of March 15,the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Chongqing was 1.84/100000(576 cases)and the infection fatality rate was 1.04%(6/576).The spread of COVID-19 was controlled by effective policies that involved establishing a group for directing the COVID-19 epidemic control effort;strengthening guidance and supervision;ensuring the supply of daily necessities and medical supplies and equipment to residents;setting up designated hospitals;implementing legal measures;and enhancing health education.Medical techniques were implemented to improve the recovery rate and control the epidemic.Policies such as“the lockdown of Wuhan”,“initiating a first-level response to major public health emergencies”,and“implementing the closed management of residential communities”significantly curbed the spread of COVID-19.Optimizing the diagnosis process,shortening the diagnosis time,and constructing teams of clinical experts facilitated the provision of“one team of medical experts for each patient”treatment for severe patients,which significantly improved the recovery rate and reduced the infection fatality rate.CONCLUSION The prevention policies and containment measures implemented by the government and medical institutions are highly effective in controlling the spread of the epidemic and increasing the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients.展开更多
Omicron,the new mutant coronavirus,has spread rapidly globally,attracting close attention from different stakeholders worldwide.The complex and constantly changing epidemic situation has had a new impact on the world....Omicron,the new mutant coronavirus,has spread rapidly globally,attracting close attention from different stakeholders worldwide.The complex and constantly changing epidemic situation has had a new impact on the world.Therefore,this paper focuses on the characteristics of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 variant strain.Generally,epidemic prevention experts conduct preliminary screening as part of the existing epidemic plan database according to the current local situation,after which they sort the alternatives deemed more suitable for the situation.Then the decision-makers identify the most divergent expert group,plan for consultation and adjustments,and finally obtain the plan with the smallest divergence.This article aims to integrate the experts'opinions with the method of minimizing the differences,which can maximize the expert consensus and help organize the schemes that best meet the epidemic situation.The experts'negotiation and iteration of the differences in the initial plan align with the current complex and dynamic epidemic situation and are of great significance to the rapid formulation of plans to achieve effective prevention and control.展开更多
As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial devel...As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption.This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.Using a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry.In addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic prevention.This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry.The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry.The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.展开更多
自2020年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)正式宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为全球大流行之后,全球114个国家或区域受到不同程度的影响。后疫情时代的到来要求各国采取新的疫情防控措施,以应对未来可能出现的问题和挑战。为...自2020年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)正式宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为全球大流行之后,全球114个国家或区域受到不同程度的影响。后疫情时代的到来要求各国采取新的疫情防控措施,以应对未来可能出现的问题和挑战。为帮助我国在后疫情时代巩固几年来的防疫成果并获取更大的发展窗口,本文探析了全球疫情变化及各国主要防治政策的变化,总结归纳了我国疫情防治政策的发展变迁,提出适应我国国情的以家庭为核心的新型精准防控措施。展开更多
目的对医疗机构疫情防控政策进行量化评价,为我国疫情防控政策的制定和优化提供建议,完善我国疫情防控政策体系。方法采用ROST CM 6.0进行文本挖掘,构建PMC指数模型,包括9个一级变量和32个二级变量,对我国2020年1月-2022年12月的6项国...目的对医疗机构疫情防控政策进行量化评价,为我国疫情防控政策的制定和优化提供建议,完善我国疫情防控政策体系。方法采用ROST CM 6.0进行文本挖掘,构建PMC指数模型,包括9个一级变量和32个二级变量,对我国2020年1月-2022年12月的6项国家层面医疗机构疫情防控相关政策进行政策文本量化评价。结果6项医疗机构疫情防控政策PMC指数平均值为7.14,其中有2项政策为优秀政策,4项政策为良好政策,政策整体制定水平较高;但在政策性质、政策工具及政策受众方面有所不足。结论我国医疗机构疫情防控政策基本完善,但新阶段新常态有新要求,在政策性质、工具、受众方面亟须进一步优化,可从加强对现有疫情防控成果的阶段性总结,提升需求型政策工具的使用频率以及注重医疗机构与政府、非盈利组织、企业的联动协作等方面入手。展开更多
目的了解新冠疫情防控进入新阶段后天津市全血采集情况。方法采用回顾性阶段分析方法,收集新冠病毒感染从“乙类甲管”调整为“乙类乙管”后第1个春节前15 d(2023年1月7日~2023年1月21日)天津市无偿献血者全血采集情况的相关数据,同时...目的了解新冠疫情防控进入新阶段后天津市全血采集情况。方法采用回顾性阶段分析方法,收集新冠病毒感染从“乙类甲管”调整为“乙类乙管”后第1个春节前15 d(2023年1月7日~2023年1月21日)天津市无偿献血者全血采集情况的相关数据,同时选取新冠疫情发生前2年各自春节前15 d(2018年2月1日~2018年2月15日、2019年1月21日~2019年2月4日)的同类数据,比较新冠疫情前后同时段天津市全血捐献(采集)情况。结果天津市2023年春节前15 d全血捐献(采集)情况与2018、2019年同期比较:全血捐献人数为6124 vs 3940 vs 4069、采血量总量(U)9623 vs 7378 vs 7808、初次献血者比例69.17%(4236/6124)vs 65.86%(2595/3940)vs 62.05%(2525/4069)、本地献血者比例59.31%(3632/6124)vs 23.27%(917/3940)vs 18.19%(740/4069)、团体献血者比例43.42%(2659/6124)vs 8.05%(317/2595)vs 0.15%(6/4069)(均为P<0.05)。结论新冠疫情防控政策的调整对无偿献血工作有重大影响,采供血机构因时因势调整献血者招募策略提高了全血采集量。展开更多
This paper reviews the hygiene problems brought by the immigrant. It shows that immigrants may transfer infectious diseases and harmful factors to humam body to the country of residence. Pathogenic factors in the coun...This paper reviews the hygiene problems brought by the immigrant. It shows that immigrants may transfer infectious diseases and harmful factors to humam body to the country of residence. Pathogenic factors in the country of residence also may do great harm to immigrants, It reports the hygiene stipulations for immigrants in some countries of the world and gives some advice on how to improve the immigrant hygiene.展开更多
基金School Funded Project of COVID-19 of Chongqing Medical University,No.CQMUNCP0204Young Scientists Fund Program of the Education Commission of Chongqing,No.KJQN201900443+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,No.2017YFC0211705Young Scientists Fund Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81502826and General Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2014M562289.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.In China,the pandemic was controlled after 2 mo through effective policies and containment measures.Describing the detailed policies and containment measures used to control the epidemic in Chongqing will provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other areas of the world.AIM To explore the effects of different policies and containment measures on the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing.METHODS Epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Chongqing were prospectively collected from January 21 to March 15,2020.The policies and prevention measures implemented by the government during the epidemic period were also collected.Trend analysis was performed to explore the impact of the main policy measures on the effectiveness of the control of COVID-19 in Chongqing.As of March 15,the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Chongqing was 1.84/100000(576 cases)and the infection fatality rate was 1.04%(6/576).The spread of COVID-19 was controlled by effective policies that involved establishing a group for directing the COVID-19 epidemic control effort;strengthening guidance and supervision;ensuring the supply of daily necessities and medical supplies and equipment to residents;setting up designated hospitals;implementing legal measures;and enhancing health education.Medical techniques were implemented to improve the recovery rate and control the epidemic.Policies such as“the lockdown of Wuhan”,“initiating a first-level response to major public health emergencies”,and“implementing the closed management of residential communities”significantly curbed the spread of COVID-19.Optimizing the diagnosis process,shortening the diagnosis time,and constructing teams of clinical experts facilitated the provision of“one team of medical experts for each patient”treatment for severe patients,which significantly improved the recovery rate and reduced the infection fatality rate.CONCLUSION The prevention policies and containment measures implemented by the government and medical institutions are highly effective in controlling the spread of the epidemic and increasing the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients.
基金This study was supported by the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province(Nos.22A630004 and 21A790002)the 2021 Project of Huamao Finance Research Institute of Henan University of Economics and Law and the Key Fields Special Project(Digital Economy)of Guangdong Universities(No.2021ZDZX3010).
文摘Omicron,the new mutant coronavirus,has spread rapidly globally,attracting close attention from different stakeholders worldwide.The complex and constantly changing epidemic situation has had a new impact on the world.Therefore,this paper focuses on the characteristics of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 variant strain.Generally,epidemic prevention experts conduct preliminary screening as part of the existing epidemic plan database according to the current local situation,after which they sort the alternatives deemed more suitable for the situation.Then the decision-makers identify the most divergent expert group,plan for consultation and adjustments,and finally obtain the plan with the smallest divergence.This article aims to integrate the experts'opinions with the method of minimizing the differences,which can maximize the expert consensus and help organize the schemes that best meet the epidemic situation.The experts'negotiation and iteration of the differences in the initial plan align with the current complex and dynamic epidemic situation and are of great significance to the rapid formulation of plans to achieve effective prevention and control.
基金This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(NSFC 71831003).
文摘As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption.This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.Using a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry.In addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic prevention.This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry.The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry.The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.
文摘自2020年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)正式宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为全球大流行之后,全球114个国家或区域受到不同程度的影响。后疫情时代的到来要求各国采取新的疫情防控措施,以应对未来可能出现的问题和挑战。为帮助我国在后疫情时代巩固几年来的防疫成果并获取更大的发展窗口,本文探析了全球疫情变化及各国主要防治政策的变化,总结归纳了我国疫情防治政策的发展变迁,提出适应我国国情的以家庭为核心的新型精准防控措施。
文摘目的对医疗机构疫情防控政策进行量化评价,为我国疫情防控政策的制定和优化提供建议,完善我国疫情防控政策体系。方法采用ROST CM 6.0进行文本挖掘,构建PMC指数模型,包括9个一级变量和32个二级变量,对我国2020年1月-2022年12月的6项国家层面医疗机构疫情防控相关政策进行政策文本量化评价。结果6项医疗机构疫情防控政策PMC指数平均值为7.14,其中有2项政策为优秀政策,4项政策为良好政策,政策整体制定水平较高;但在政策性质、政策工具及政策受众方面有所不足。结论我国医疗机构疫情防控政策基本完善,但新阶段新常态有新要求,在政策性质、工具、受众方面亟须进一步优化,可从加强对现有疫情防控成果的阶段性总结,提升需求型政策工具的使用频率以及注重医疗机构与政府、非盈利组织、企业的联动协作等方面入手。
文摘目的了解新冠疫情防控进入新阶段后天津市全血采集情况。方法采用回顾性阶段分析方法,收集新冠病毒感染从“乙类甲管”调整为“乙类乙管”后第1个春节前15 d(2023年1月7日~2023年1月21日)天津市无偿献血者全血采集情况的相关数据,同时选取新冠疫情发生前2年各自春节前15 d(2018年2月1日~2018年2月15日、2019年1月21日~2019年2月4日)的同类数据,比较新冠疫情前后同时段天津市全血捐献(采集)情况。结果天津市2023年春节前15 d全血捐献(采集)情况与2018、2019年同期比较:全血捐献人数为6124 vs 3940 vs 4069、采血量总量(U)9623 vs 7378 vs 7808、初次献血者比例69.17%(4236/6124)vs 65.86%(2595/3940)vs 62.05%(2525/4069)、本地献血者比例59.31%(3632/6124)vs 23.27%(917/3940)vs 18.19%(740/4069)、团体献血者比例43.42%(2659/6124)vs 8.05%(317/2595)vs 0.15%(6/4069)(均为P<0.05)。结论新冠疫情防控政策的调整对无偿献血工作有重大影响,采供血机构因时因势调整献血者招募策略提高了全血采集量。
文摘This paper reviews the hygiene problems brought by the immigrant. It shows that immigrants may transfer infectious diseases and harmful factors to humam body to the country of residence. Pathogenic factors in the country of residence also may do great harm to immigrants, It reports the hygiene stipulations for immigrants in some countries of the world and gives some advice on how to improve the immigrant hygiene.
