A Cognitive Study on Politeness Intention Processing and Its Association with Pragmatic Failure in Cross-Cultural Communication

Although a large number of studies have focused on various aspects of politeness,very little is known about how politeness intention is activated cognitively during verbal communication.The present study aims to explore the cognitive mechanism of politeness intention processing,and how it is related to pragmatic failure during cross-cultural communication.Using 30 Chinese EFL university students who were instructed to finish a probe word judgment task with 96 virtual scenarios,the results indicate that within both mono-and cross-cultural contexts,the response time in the experimental scenarios was significantly slower than that of the filler scenarios.This suggests that politeness intention was activated while understanding the surface meaning of the conversation;however,the EFL learners could not completely avoid the negative transfer of their native politeness conventions when they were comprehending the conversational intention of the target language.Furthermore,no significant differences in response time were found between the groups with high and low English pragmatic competence,illustrating that transferring the pragmatic rules and principles into cross-cultural communication skills was more cognitively demanding.Overall,this study adds to the literature on politeness research and provides some implications for foreign language pragmatic instructions.

Self-politeness and Choice of Request Strategies

Requests are face-threatening acts. When making requests, it is generally believed that people choose different requeststrategies for the sake of politeness to others. In this paper, with Cheng's(2001) self-politeness model as the point of departure, itis argued that people's choice of request strategies is not only affected by the consideration of politeness to others but also by self-politeness. Factors that can influence people's choice of self-politeness strategies in making requests are also discussed.

Application of the Politeness Principle in the Teachers-Students Communication

In daily communication between teachers and students,many Chinese teachers fail to use politeness principle tactfully or appropriately.This article analyzes some basic principles of politeness and their application in teachers-students communication.

A Research on English Business Negotiation Strategies in the Framework of Politeness Theory

Business negotiation is essentially a kind of economic activity by means of language.Its success depends on the use of language,especially polite wording.This article,in the framework of politeness theory,studies the politeness strategies of business negotiation and emphasizes its importance.This article mainly focuses on negative politeness strategies and positive politeness strategies raised by Brown and Levinson.It discusses specific linguistic strategies of negative politeness and positive politeness from two aspects,words and phrases as well as sentences.It is concluded that negotiators can resort to some pragmatic rules and linguistic patterns to be more polite in business negotiations but they should use these strategies flexibly to suit different situations.

The Interaction between the Cooperate Principle and the Politeness Principle in Pragmatics

The Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle are the main contents of pragmatics. This paper the writer makes a systematic exposition of what are the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle and how they interact with each other in people’s conversations. .

English Humor as a Polite Strategy in Verbal Communication

Based on the theory of polite strategies,the writer proposes that verbal humor is a important polite strategy which occurs frequently in conversation exchanges of human communication.Case study adopted to reveal the pragmatic function of humorous utterance in real communications as positive,negative,indirect and self-polite strategies.

A Comparative Study of Politeness in Chinese and English

Politeness is a universal phenomenon, for it can be observed in all languages and cultures. It plays an important role in human communication: it helps establish, maintain or consolidate harmonious interpersonal relationships and facilitate social interactions. Politeness as an observable phenomenon is something not only express by behaviors, but also by language. However,it's a reflection of culture rather than a independent part in the world. Therefore, we need to consider the feature of different culture in order to understand the politeness. The whole thesis is divided into five part, including the introduction and conclusion.The introduction deals with the definition of politeness, the importance of the study and the politeness rules. Part two reviews the studies of politeness by the Western and Chinese scholars, which serves as the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. It introduces the main ideas of two important theories of politeness proposed by three western linguists and five Chinese scholars.It involves Leech's Politeness Principle, Brown and Levinson's Face Theory, and Gu Yueguo's Chinese politeness principle and so on. Part two and part three contain the similarities and differences between Chinese and English politeness rules and its repesentation in daily interactions. Part three discuss the causes of these differences in three aspects: value, morality, and custom. And the final part talk about the significant influence of politeness in Chinese and English. Finally, the paper comes to the conclusion that the major difference is a matter of orientation rather than degree. Negative politeness orientation is in English culture and more positive politeness orientation is in Chinese culture.

A Study on the Application of Politeness Strategies in International Business Negotiation

Under the influence of economic globalization, international business negotiation is becoming more and more frequent. Politeness principle is an important pragmatic strategy in international business negotiation, representing good cultural quality and professional ethics image. In the course of business negotiation, how to properly use politeness language and pay attention to politeness strategy will affect the result of negotiation.

Politeness principle in English tourism advertisements

Based on Grice＇s cooperative principle, Brown and Levinson＇s politeness strategy, Leech put forward his politeness principle, which serves as a pragmatic principle in daily interpersonal and business communication. Tourism advertisements, as a means of business communication, have a close relationship with politeness principle. This paper, tram the perspective of the six maxims of politeness principle, analyzes and explores their application to English tourism advertisements and discusses the role of politeness principle in English tourism advertisements.

Perspectives on the Applicability of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in China

As two main universal principles in conversation,Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle play important roles in communication and intercultural communication.While in language teaching and learning in China,the neglect of the principles is caused by various reasons and thus leads to communication disorder in intercultural communication.The issue should draw the attention of English teachers who can lead students into the acquisition of the two principles in language learning.

Pragmatics Study of Politeness and Cultural Difference

This paper aims at study the politeness in the pragmatic framework and reviews the main studies of politeness by western and Chinese scholars.Meanwhile,the writer tries to reveal the cultural difference existing in politeness by comparative study of western and Chinese language.

A Survey on the Fortress Besieged from the Perspective of Politeness Equivalence

Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,both Chinese and western scholars,with Gu Yueguo,Leech and Levinson etc.as their representatives,have voiced their ideas in this field.It is the fact that politeness theory is closely linked with homogeneity and heterogeneity of languages that makes "politeness equivalence" an important criterion of "functional equivalence".This paper is designed to carry out a research on politeness equivalence in translation.The whole paper is divided into four parts:the first part is the introduction;in the second part,the author introduces typical politeness theories both home and abroad;the third part,with The Fortress Besieged as a frame of reference,is devoted to a survey of the application of politeness theory in translation;the last part is the summary of this paper.

On the Politeness in College English Teachers＇ Classroom Talk

Teachers＇ talk is an important aspect for conducting college English class effectively. It plays crucial roles in giving instructions, organizing classroom norm, and facilitating students＇ language acquisition. Based on Leech＇s Politeness Principle, this paper has analyzed the politeness in teachers＇ classroom talk and explored the functions it possesses as well. The study shows that the politeness feature of college English teachers＇ classroom talk is the consequences of observing each maxim of the Politeness Principle and is of the functions such as making effective cornmnication, keeping friendly relations with students, saving students＇ face, etc.. Conducting research on politeness in teachers＇ talk is conducive to understanding the process of language teaching and learning.

Applying Politeness Strategies in Teacher Talk to Increase Students Participation

Based on Brown and Levinson's face theory, this paper points out that Chinese students keep silent in the English class for the sake of their face wants. As facilitators of language learning, teachers need to learn some politeness strategies and employ various politeness strategies to maintain and enhance students' face to spark their motivation to participate in the interactive activities so as to develop their language control.

Indirectness and Politeness in English Requests

Foreign language teachers may have long observed learners' grammatically correct, yet situationally inappropriate verbal communication. To make sure they conduct speech acts appropriately, language learners should possess communicative skills and pragmatic competence. This paper addresses how to raise learners' pragmatic awareness through making requests in English.By exploring the verbal indirectness and politeness of requests, the paper aims to facilitate learners' ability to make socially appropriate utterances.

Analysis on the Conflict Talk Between Friends in "Friends" from the Perspective of Politeness Theory

We all enjoy being together with friends,which,of course,is one of the reasons why the sitcom Friends has been so popular.However,no matter how close the friendship is,conflicts cannot be avoided.Thus knowing the format of conflict talk is good for friends to find out the best way to abstain from speech conflicts.Taking several quarreling situations in the sitcom Friends as examples,this paper analyzes the format of conflict talk between friends from the perspective of Politeness Theory.

The Contrastive Study on the Use of Politeness in Chinese Preface and English Preface

Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, this paper conducts a contrastive study between the use of politeness strategies in 30 Chinese prefaces and that in 30 English prefaces which are published about English study.

An Analysis on the Differences of Politeness in Chinese-English Intercultural Communication

With the development of science and technology, the word"globalization"is more and more familiar with us. The world is getting smaller and smaller. At the same time, intercultural communication is an unavoidable thing that happens to us. However,different countries bear different cultures, which make the communication and contact not easy. Each nation has their unique politeness principle. Therefore, people may cause some misunderstanding through the intercultural communication, which is called a communication failure. The reason for the difference is mostly lied in their culture and values. In other words, the politeness principles are different among the countries.

The Influence of Culture on Expressions of Politeness between Chinese and Westerners

Language is an important carrier of culture, and culture finds a better representation through language use. As Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis holds that there is a correlation between language and culture, different nations have different cultural backgrounds, which means that their ways of showing politeness are not the same. And this kind of difference will definitely be embodied in language. Politeness principles can apply to all languages, but it may have different representations in different cultures. Recognizing these differences may help us improve intercultural communication and behave more polite in intercultural communication.

On the Analysis of Business Etiquette in Business Negotiation with the Theory of Politeness Principle

As a universal language,politeness has been recognized and has developed a series of theories.However,there are few studies on social application in business of politeness theories although this area has brought some scholars' attention recently.