Malaysia＇s Contemporary Political and Economic Relations with Iran

Traditionally, Malaysia＇s relations with the Middle Eastern World boil down to narrow-limited interaction with only a handful of countries, mainly Egypt, Saudi Arabia （before known as Hejaz）, and Turkey. The underlying reasons behind are largely owing to the established ancient relations and religious fulfillments like performing pilgrimage as well as pursuing religious studies in highly respected institutions. Malaysia＇s relation with the Islamic Republic of Iran, however, has shown steady progress of development since the end of 1960s and onwards. Although Iran has become an Islamic Republic after the eruption of the Revolution in 1979, the relations remain intact in spite of the potential expansion of Iran＇s religious ideology, Shi＇ah, among Malaysian Muslim communities. On top of that, with Iran now facing economic sanctions due to its nuclear programs, both countries continue to bolster their relations, especially in political and economic interactions. Contemporarily, both Malaysia and Iran are closely working together to further enhance the level of their relations. The leaders of both countries have quiet regularly exchanged visits and have also actively ventured into promising business opportunities. Iran ranked as the Malaysia＇s third West Asian trading partners along with the United Arab Emirates （UAE） and Saudi Arabia, provides a lot of opportunities for Malaysia to seize onto. In other words, Malaysia＇s contemporary relations with Iran will evolve beyond the dogma of the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

New Political Trends in Africa and the Impact on China-Africa Relations

During the past few years, African political development has demonstrated positive trends: democratic election practices and civilmilitary relations have become more rational; multi-party democracy has led to diversified patterns, with Party-led administrations becoming a marked phenomenon in several countries; endogenous political values have become highlighted, and developmental state theory has surged,propelling reforms in governance models. African countries are eagerly exploring paths of development that are suited to their conditions, and pushing forward transformations in both the economy and governance. In the meantime, African countries remain vulnerable to the tumultuous external environment, and as such suffer from certain"growing pains"as part of this process. These trends will consolidate the strategic base of China-Africa cooperation. The prospects of a closer China-Africa community with a shared future are becoming more promising.

Cooperation and Conflict： Duality of the Sino-European Political Relations A Perspective of Cultural Values

Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However, the Sino-European political relations are of cooperative and conflicting nature all the time. The political attitude of EU toward China becomes even more active with more defensive mind as the Sino-European relations underwent four stages of evolution, namely, long-term relations, constructive partnership, mature partnership and competitive partnership. Chinese government has always held an attitude of proactively developing relations with the EU. In 1998, China established the ＂cooperative partnership＂ with EU. In 2001, the cooperative partnership was upgraded into ＂comprehensive partnership＂. In 2003, China advocated the establishment of the ＂comprehensive strategic partnership＂ with Europe and established ＂strategic partnership＂ with many member states of EU. Despite the smooth development in Sino-European relations, the political relations between China and EU saw conflicts and frictions from time to time. For instance, European Parliament issued resolutions against China from time to time. With regard to certain important international political issues, China has sharply different opinions with EU.

The Path of Undergraduate Intemational Relations Studies in Chile： Stumbling Under the Umbrella of Political Science

In Chile, the study of international relations is very limited both in the number of programs and in its scope. Furthermore, it is still a country where international relations are under the umbrella of political science and political science itself is heavily influenced by the study of the law. This paper looks at the development of international relations both as a tool for training diplomats and as a topic of study within political science in Chile. It does so within the framework of the social sciences. Using interviews as a complimentary tool of research, it concludes that, along with a marked influence of economics in the study of social sciences in Chile, the country＇s political and social history has shaped the advent of social sciences at the undergraduate level and has dwarfed the growth and contents of both political science and international studies, in spite of the country＇s successful embrace of globalization.

British Political Economy in Post-EU Era and China-UK Relations

Although Theresa May the new British Prime Minister had followed Cameron to stand for staying in the EU,after taking office,she has openly stated on several occasions that she will respect the public opinions of the country and carry out a foreign policy of implementing Brexit according to the result of the referendum.In so doing,she has even made Boris Johnson,a controversy lead

Kant and Confucius:Moral Ethics Behind Western and Eastern Approaches to International Relations

International relations(IR)as a discipline is currently experiencing a crisis that may be viewed as a protest against the Euro-centric theories in humanities and the Western view on global politics,some of the most vocal opponents coming from Asia,with China at its core.This paper aims to compare the principles that depict moral ethics serving as a base for political idealism in the West and the East with Kant’s views as a foundation for Western idealism and Confucius’s ethical theory as a ground for an ideal society from the Asian perspective.The comparison is conducted along the following axes:the notions of autonomy,will,and freedom,initially developed to depict an ideal world order in the Kantian view.As a result of this comparison,the common feature between the two types of ethics,namely the strive for human dignity,becomes apparent.In conclusion,the paper suggests that researchers should concentrate on common features in the two philosophies instead of juxtaposing their apparent differences,which politically reflect the opposition of individualism and collectivism.Stress on human dignity shall become a unifying factor in modern international politics instead.

The Relationship Between the Communist Party of China and the Japanese Communist Party During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.

The Relationship Between the Communist Party of China and the Japanese Communist Party During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.

Advancing Public Diplomacy during Cold Sino-Japan Relations A Case Study of the Confucius Institute at Ritsumeikan

Tense political relations are seen as a barrier to China's public diplomacy with Japan.Despite various setbacks,Confucius Institutes,a classic example of public diplomacy,have continued to stay open in Japan.This paper uses the Confucius Institute at Ritsumeikan(CIR) as a case study to explore how public diplomacy can be carried out when political relations between China and Japan are cold.It concludes that cold political relations do not necessarily mean public diplomacy will fail.Good cooperation with Japanese partners can bring positive results.Also,choosing the right partner is important;government "interference" should be avoided.Finally,China should deal with each Confucius Institute differently,and Japanese universities' enthusiasm should be stimulated through encouragement and retreat mechanisms.

Characteristics of Political Transition in the Middle East

The strategic withdrawal of the U.S.,the relaxation of strained relations between Israel and Arab countries,the waning of Political Islam,and the faltering foundation of the oil economy have contributed to the historical transition in Middle East politics.Global great powers,as well as Middle Eastern countries,have been shifting alliances in light of different issues.Such a concurrence of well-matched protagonists in Middle East politics and such a complicated divergence among camps have never occurred previously.Vacuums of order,ideologies,and resources have coexisted and interacted.Middle Eastern countries have been witnessing major changes unfolding globally,regionally,and domestically,which may usher in an era of chaos,change,or both.Compared with previous changes,the pending transition will reside to a larger extent in the hands of Middle Eastern countries and their people.

The Public Service as an Actor of Political Network

This research analyzes the role of public service in the political networks. The status of civil servants in these networks is not obvious. On the one hand, the officials are surrounded by strict framework of regulations and law. They are not independent subjects of political decisions, but at the same time, they are the main sources of information needed for making political decisions. On the other hand, they actively interact with other actors of the political networks, including under informal conditions. In addition, high professional requirements for officials lead to the need of recruiting them into the elitist environment. Therefore, there often arises a conflict of interest due to their personal connections. Activating these links, officials are building patron-client relations, behaving as patrons for those who need to receive confidential information and as clients for the higher heads. Thus, civil servants use personal networks for carrying out their functions, and simultaneously use available official information for private gain.

Middle East Instability, After the Arab Spring ＆ It＇s Impact on the United States＇ and Egypt＇s Bilateral Relations

This work investigates the rise of political Islam in the Middle East and its impact on the United States＇ and Egypt＇s national interests and bilateral relations. In this article, the author describes the United States＇ foreign policy dilemma in dealing with the Arab revolutionary waves of 2010 and 2011, which was hijacked by political Islam championed by the Muslim Brotherhood＇s mother organization in Egypt. Also, how the United States and Egypt managed to navigate their strategic partnership for stability and peace in the region through developing tolerance of interference in one another＇s foreign policy making and reconciling their national interests within the complicated political, economic and social realities of the Middle Eastern region.

A YEAR OF TURMOIL AND CHANGES--INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND CHINA’S FOREIGN RELATIONS IN 2020

The world witnessed three major developments in 2020,namely the evolution of global changes unseen in a century,the completion of China’s first centenary goal,and the unexpected global outbreak of COVID-19.Shock waves were felt in economics,politics,the society,the technological sector and people-to-people exchanges,highlighting the fact that we all share weal and woe together.

论国际关系研究的知识属性——兼论西方国际关系研究的内在缺陷

现代国际关系研究经历百年发展历程之后,正面临着新的机会和选择,需对其基本属性进行重新定位和认识。国内政治与国际关系在本体论层面上的差异决定了政治学与国际关系研究在方法论意义上的根本性差异,国家这个分析单元的个体性而非一般性特征是国际关系研究必须关注的重点。对“科学化”的过分追求可能导致国际关系研究陷入体系性和实践性之间的矛盾,对国际关系研究而言,任何追求简单性、普遍性和体系性的方法可能都未必真正有效,能够切合国际关系实际的,也许是一种更注重复杂性、个体性和特殊性的方法。国际关系研究中找回特殊性应加强对历史研究的关注和对社会研究的借鉴,并注重对文化和价值问题的分析。国际关系的知识应该是一种同时面向个体性、可变性和可能性并高度关注文化和价值因素的知识,既包括传统意义上的科学面向,也需要有新的追求,即降低国家行为的不确定性并探讨国家行为的可能性。这种追求,应该能够为国际关系研究开掘更广阔且更具实效性的空间。

当代中西方规范权力与资本关系的德法之道

自从习近平总书记提出政商关系“亲、清”两原则以来,我国学术界围绕新时代政商关系抑或权力与资本关系的探讨日渐深入。由于中西方对待市场经济本质与作用的认知态度各不相同,致使其权力资本化的方式方法形同质异,资本权力化的生成路径迥然有别。特别是在全球经济数字化条件下,中西方权力与资本之间的运演机制面临更加复杂的伦理挑战:就数字权力资本化而言,它呈现出多种多样的表现形态;就数字资本权力化而言,也同样生成了类型各异的表现形式。为求解这些难题,必须对当代中西方权力与资本良性互动的底线道德、伦理规则和法治原则进行深度理论辨析,正确处理好三大问题:以何种态度对待弱势群体是权力与资本良性互动的道德前提,持续构建权力与资本良性互动的伦理规则体系,不断增强权力与资本良性互动的法治保障。唯其如此,才能有效应对和求解新时代我国政商关系(权力与资本关系)在理论和实践层面遇到的各种难题。

空间视域下思想政治教育一体化的概念、内容及建设

社会发展和社会变迁深刻影响着空间格局,空间成为解析社会现象、反映社会思想观念变化的重要理论和实践场域。空间与社会的互动使人的发展、社会的发展空间趋向合理化,使空间变革愈加富有社会化特质。人的思想观念、情感体验、行为实践、社会关系在一定的空间当中被塑造和完善,空间在思想政治教育一体化的作用下逐渐具有思想政治教育意蕴。在阐释空间视域下思想政治教育一体化的概念、分析其内容的基础上提出空间视域下思想政治教育一体化建设思路和举措:实现社会主流意识形态的广泛传播,在对空间的占有当中筑牢思想政治教育一体化的基础;掌握变革社会的力量,通过对空间主体的培养塑造凝聚思想政治教育一体化的主体力量;促进人与社会关系的和谐,通过对空间关系的协调把握思想政治教育一体化的关键。

资源下乡背景下乡村关系的差序格局及其形塑逻辑

以“一乡−多村”为乡村关系的两个主体,突破过去将乡村关系中的“村”视为一个抽象整体的研究进路,提出“乡村关系的差序格局”。在“行政消解自治”乡村一体化的背景下,乡镇与其下辖的各行政村的关系存在“亲疏远近”之别。形塑这种亲疏远近的要素主要有三个:一是特定行政村在中央或地方涉农政策中的重要性。政策性位置越突出,其与乡镇的关系越亲近。二是特定行政村村治情况良善与否。村干部治村能力越强,其与乡镇的关系越亲近。三是特定行政村在体制内有无先赋性外联关系。这种外联关系越重要,其与乡镇的关系越亲近。自上而下的各类资源在各行政村之间的配置,相应由乡村关系的差序格局来形塑。

新质生产力视域下高质量发展的研究重点与方法

随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国经济由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。高质量发展是新时代我国经济发展的鲜明主题,也是新时代中国特色社会主义政治经济学的研究主题。新质生产力概念的提出,引起了政治经济学界进一步反思如何准确抓取高质量发展的研究重点和正确运用研究方法。高质量发展是在社会主要矛盾发生变化后对党和国家发展提出的新要求,新质生产力与高质量发展是中国式现代化新征程中的伟大历史交汇。从生产力角度看,新质生产力为经济高质量发展提供了关键动能;从生产关系角度看,须坚持党的领导与基本经济制度,将总体布局与战略布局相结合,将具体政策覆盖到经济高质量发展的各个方面。在新质生产力视域下研究高质量发展,需要坚持人民立场与问题导向,以唯物史观把握高质量发展脉络,以系统方法把握高质量发展布局。

作为公共关系的竞选:印人党获取政权合法性的话语建构

政治竞选是一个政党争取人民认可,而人民赋予其权力并接受其统治的过程,政党通过竞选实现政权合法化。话语幻象分析揭示了政党将主观转变为客观,将幻象转化为真实的社会过程。印度作为南亚头号强国,大选历来备受关注。2024年的印度大选被认为是没有多少悬念的选举,这与莫迪及印人党的强势崛起有很大关系。出现这种情势的转折点是2019年莫迪与印人党采取了非常成功的“话语幻象术”,使其领导的全国民主联盟第二次获得执政权。在2019年大选期间,印度人民党和印度国民大会党都拥有“支持”或“反对”两种立场鲜明的声音。不同立场的话语对印度各邦、各民族、政党、群体和个人都产生了不同的影响。研究2019年印度竞选是一种探究印人党对于2024年乃至未来政权合法化一般叙事规则的有益尝试。以政治公共关系中的政治竞选理论和话语幻象理论为基础,运用话语幻象的三维分析框架——历史、语言和符号行为以及社会影响解构话语的内核,分析竞选话语如何被操纵并影响选民决策,从而解释印人党在选举过程中为什么能比国大党建构起更高的政权合法性。印人党比国大党更擅于利用一些修辞手法将非常主观和对立的概念合理化,给大众造成强烈的幻象,影响选民对事实的判断,使得多数选民相信印人党的宣传版本。话语幻象完成了政权合法性的建构,但同时也加剧了印度国内民众的身份二元对立和社会仇恨。