Antimicrobial properties of Teucrium polium against some clinical pathogens

Objective:To explore the antibacterial effect of the alcoholic extracts of aerial parts of Teucrium polium,native in Iran on some pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract(50 to 400 mg/mL) and methanolic extract(400 and 600 mg/mL) was evaluated by disc diffusion method.Results:The ethanolic extract results showed that Bacillus anthracis was the most sensitive species,while Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were more resistant than others.In the case of the methanolic extract,Bordetella bronchiseptica was the most sensitive and Proteus mirabilis and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were the most resistant species.The hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium had a relatively satisfactory effect on Salmonella typhi. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was 40 mg/mL and Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bacillus anthracis was 10 mg/mL.The minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC) against Bacillus anthracis was 10 mg/mL while against other species were not found(】200 mg/mL).The methanolic extract had also synergistic effect with methicillin,vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and with novobiocin against Salmonella typhi.Conclusions:These results suggest that this plant contains relatively good antibacterial activity and it can be used as a source of antiseptic compounds for medicinal uses.

Comparison of Essential Oil Composition,Phenolic Compound and Biological Activities of Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium(Lamiaceae)

Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium are medicinal and aromatic plants with ethnobotanical uses.The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium essential oils,the secondary metabolites,and the biological activities of their infusion and methanolic(MeOH)extracts.Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from shoots Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium.Phenolic content,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS)results showed the presence of significant qualitative and quantitative variations for the composition of the both essential oils(EO).Salvia microphylla EO were most complex and present 70 compounds with the major components wereβ-caryophyllene(13.32%),1,8 cineole(11.25%),Cis p-Menthane-3-one(10.74%),andβ-Selinenol(9.71%).Where in the Teucrium polium EO,45 compounds were identified with the important components areβ-cadinene(10%),β-citronellol(8.5%),Carvacrol(7.63%),and Eugenol(7.15%).Obtained results showed that both plant are very rich in secondary metabolites.Extracts isolated from Salvia microphylla presented the highest contents in the phenolic compound than extracted from Teucrium polium.The antioxidant activity data demonstrated that all extracts showed strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.Essential oil and methanol extracts presented a potential for antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms.The obtained results highlight the potential use of Salvia microphylla and Teucrium polium as possible natural antioxidant substances and sources of bioactive molecules.

Inhibitory Activity on Xanthine Oxidase and Antioxidant Properties of <i>Teucrium polium</i>

The antioxidative activities of subfractions;methanol (CE), chloroform (CHE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) of Teucrium polium extracts (TPE) were investigated. HPLC analysis of the plant revealed the existence of procyanidins B1 and B2, gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. All the extracts showed inhibitory properties on xanthine oxidase, with IC50 ranging from 0.80 ± 0.07 to 11.76 ± 0.50 μM/quercetin equivalent. In the cellular system, all the extracts showed a protec-tive effect greater than those of quercetin, rutin and gallic acid against t-BHP induced oxidative damages in human erythrocytes. These results were clearly confirmed by a modified thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS), and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay which demonstrated that CHE possess an inhibition ratio of the linoleic acid oxidation (83.11%) close to that of BHT (96.77%). In addition, the results showed that the extracts possess a potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and gave a reduction power greater than rutin, quercetin, gallic acid and ascorbic acid in FRAP assay. These results show that Teucrium polium extracts have strong antioxidant effects and may have some clinical benefits.

Teucrium polium plant extract provokes significant cell death in human lung cancer cells

Lung cancer is the first common malignancy worldwide;in view of the limited success of available treatment modalities for this cancer, alternative and complementary strategies need to be developed. On the other hand, Teucrium polium (TP) is a medicinal plant that has been used for more than two thousand years for treating many diseases such as abdominal pain, indigestion and diabetes in the Middle East. However, the effect of TP plant extract on hu-man non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been investigated yet. In this study, we exam-ined the effects of TP extract on cell prolifera-tion, cell cycle progression and cell death in H322 and A549 lung cell lines. Our results show that TP plant extract inhibits cell proliferation and deregulates cell cycle progression. More importantly, TP plant extract causes a dramatic cell death in both cell lines in comparison with untreated cells. Our data suggest that this plant extract could have an important therapeutic role in the treatment of human NSCLC.

Modeling and optimization of the insecticidal effects of Teucrium polium L. essential oil against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) using response surface methodology

The utilization of natural materials in the post-harvest process of agricultural products is necessary for the production of safe food.In recent years,the use of essential oil extracted from aromatic plants has shown significant potential for insect pest management.Toxicity and antifeedant effects of essential oil isolated from aerial parts of Teucrium polium L.have been investigated against the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum Herbst,as one of the most detrimental insect pests of post-harvest cereals in the present study.The chemical profile of this oil was also assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and lycopersene(26.00%),dodecane(14.78%),1,5-dimethyl decahydronaphthalene(9.27%)and undecane(7.18%)were identified as main components.For evaluation of the fumigant toxicity and antifeedant effects using multiple regression analysis,a quadratic polynomial and linear equation were obtained,respectively.Adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models were checked through analysis of variance.T.polium essential oil exhibited significant fumigant toxicity on the T.castaneum adults and based on modeling using RSM,the concentration of 20μl/l and 72 min exposure time was calculated as the optimum conditions for 97.97%mortality with 87.8%desirability.A concentration of 14.13μl/l was also estimated as the optimum value for 94.66%Feeding Deferens Index with 92%desirability.The mortality and anti-nutritional effect,in general,increased with increasing of exposure times and the essential oil concentrations.Results designated a great potential of T.polium essential oil for management of the red flour beetle.Further,it was found that the Response Surface Methodology was a promising method for the prediction of these bio-effects.

Fumigant toxicity and sublethal effects of Teucrium polium essential oil on Aphis fabae scopoli A

Objective: Black bean aphid(Aphis fabae) is one of the most important greenhouse and crop pests with a wide range of hosts, which causes damages through feeding on vegetable sap and transmitting viral diseases. Currently, chemical methods are mainly used to control this pest. Considering the adverse effects of pesticides, it is essential to apply less chemical pesticide in pest control programs. The lethal and sublethal effects of the essential oil(EO) of Teucrium polium leaves on one-day-old adults of black bean aphid were investigated under laboratory conditions.Method: The bioassay was evaluated at the concentrations of 0.88-12 μL/L air, for 24 h after treatment.Reproductive life table parameters of new emerged aphid surveyed at sub-lethal concentrations(LC20 and LC40) of EO and the biological reproductive table was calculated by Jackknife method.Results: The mortality rate increased significantly with the increasing of EO concentration. The estimated LC50 value was 4.5 μL/L air. Laboratory exposure to sublethal concentrations of EO caused significant decrease in adult female longevity and fertility of surviving aphids and as a result caused significant reduction in the intrinsic rate of natural increase(rmvalue).Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that EO of T. polium could be used as a potential control agent for the aphid.

Unusual causes of intrahepatic cholestatic liver disease

We report five cases with unusual causes of intrahepatic cholestasis, including consumption of Teucrium polium (family Lamiaceae) in the form of tea, Stauffer’s syndrome, treatment with tamoxifen citrate for breast cancer, infection with Coxiella Burnetii (acute Q fever), and infection with Brucella melitensis (acute brucellosis).

Isolation and Identification of the Major Chemical Components Found in the Upper Parts of Teucrium Pofium Plants Grown in Khuzestan Province of Iran

Teucrium polium is a dwarf sub-shrub usually 30-60 cm high with many branches, which is fairly distributed throughout Iran, with its flowering being season mainly from April to July. The plant was collected during its flowering season in Baghmalek region in the North-East of Khuzestan province, Iran. After the identification of the genus, species and variety of the plant, the dried whole plant （flowers, fruits and the leaves） was steam distilled with different methods. The isolated essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored at 4-6 ℃. Analysis of the essential oil was carried out by GC-MS technique. At least 10 major components were identified （3-carene/α-pinene, β-phellandrene, limonene, germacrene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophylene, γ-muurolene, γ-elemene, spathulenol, β-eudesmol） （totally 97.02%）. Also, successive TLC and column chromatography of the essential oil resulted in the separation of four fractions. Based upon 1^H NMR, IR and mass spectra, the fractions with Rf=0.12 and 0.93 were determined as gualol and a mixture of α-pinene, β-phellandrene and limonene, respectively.