Analysis of the Impact of Big Data Technology on Environmental Pollution Control Audit

As China strives towards the second centenary goal,increasing attention is being paid to environmental pollution and other related issues.Concurrently,with the rapid development of big data technology,many big data solutions have been applied to environmental pollution control audits,exerting a significant impact.This paper presents the current situation of environmental pollution audits,summarizing the application of big data from the perspectives of both domestic and international research.In terms of data collection and data analysis for environmental pollution audits,cloud platform technology,and visualization technology are selected based on multiple data sources.The impact in the field of environmental pollution control audits is further analyzed.It is found that the environmental pollution audit cloud platform is not yet perfect,the technical skills of audit personnel are insufficient,and some technologies are not mature.Relevant suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for the future development of big data technology and its integration with environmental pollution control audits.

Satellite-observed significant improvement in nearshore transparency of the Bohai Sea during pollution control

The Bohai Sea(BS)is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China,characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input.In order to improve its water quality,a dedicated action named“Uphill Battles for Integrated Bohai Sea Management”(UBIBSM,2018–2020)was implemented by the Chinese government.To evaluate the action effectiveness toward water quality improvement,variability of the satelliteobserved water transparency(Secchi disk depth,Z_(SD))was explored,with special emphasis on the nearshore waters(within 20 km from the coastline)prone to terrestrial influence.(1)Compared to the status before the action began(2011–2017),majority(87.3%)of the nearshore waters turned clear during the action implementation period(2018–2020),characterized by the elevated Z_(SD)by 11.6%±12.1%.(2)Nevertheless,the improvement was not spatially uniform,with higher Z_(SD)improvement in provinces of Hebei,Liaoning,and Shandong(13.2%±16.5%,13.2%±11.6%,10.8%±10.2%,respectively)followed by Tianjin(6.2%±4.7%).(3)Bayesian trend analysis found the abrupt Z_(SD)improvement in April 2018,which coincided with the initiation of UBIBSM,implying the water quality response to pollution control.More importantly,the independent statistics of land-based pollutant discharge also indicated that the significant reduction of terrestrial pollutant input during the UBIBSM action was the main driver of observed Z_(SD)improvement.(4)Compared with previous pollution control actions in the BS,UBIBSM was found to be the most successful one during the past 20 years,in terms of transparency improvement over nearshore waters.The presented results proved the UBIBSM-achieved remarkable water quality improvement,taking the advantage of long-term consistent and objective data record from satellite ocean color observation.

Comprehensive Review on Air Pollution Control Measures for Non-Attainment Cities of Uttar Pradesh, India

Introduction: The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) for the past many years has been reported to have many cities with highly polluted air quality. The state has been taking meticulous steps in combating air pollution in the form of action plans, introduced especially in its 17 non-attainment cities (NAC). To assess the progress and development of these action plans in UP, the present study has done an in-depth analysis and review of the state’s action plans and city micro action plans. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the analysis of the latest action plan reports, micro action plan reports as well as the recommendations for combating air pollution-related issues in the 17 NAC of the UP state has been well documented. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) has prepared these reports to highlight the progress of the plans in response to the growing air pollution in these cities. The information present in the reports has been used to further study sector-specific, category-specific action plans, institutional responsibility, and the present status of the action plans. Results: On average, the highest weightage in action plans was given to sector-specific categories such as Road dust and construction activities (24%). It was also observed that Urban local bodies (~50%) were majorly responsible to implement the action points and 56% of the action points were jointly implemented by multiple agencies.

Assessment of water pollution control strategies: a case study for the Dianchi Lake

Lake eutrophication has increasingly become a major environmental issue in China. Although significant efforts have been made towards its resolution in the last decade, most of the implemented control strategies are fragmented, and the formation of policy lacks of sound scientific basis and long\|term objectives. Taking the well\|known Dianchi Lake as a case study, this paper presented a comprehensive assessment for the effectiveness of various eutrophication control strategies. It is expected that the concluding lessons would have a major implication to future eutrophication control.

Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution issues.Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China.We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management.Emission control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007.Since 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy.Increasing ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions.Fundamental improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices （APCDs） are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction （SCR） and wet flue gas desulftLrization （FGD） systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation affect mercury removal efficiently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method （OHM） recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor affecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury （Hg^2＋） and more elemental mercury （Hg^0） at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation efficiency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal efficiency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%-96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%-68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal efficiency was 95.9%-98.0%, and there was a big difference in the total mercury removal efficiencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.

Pollution control of urban black-odor water bodies

On the basis of on-the-spot investigation, the causes of urban black-odor water bodies and the problems existing in the treatment are analyzed, and the control techniques and management countermeasures for black-odor water bodies were put forward. The countermeasures include: treating from both the roots and the symptoms and combining multiple technologies; comprehensively managing and improve the monitoring systems; coordinating functions and implementing long-term management; opening information and innovating supervision platform; coordinating advance and promoting the construction of sponge city; diversified financing to form the market-oriented model of water pollution control.

Sludge Pollution Control from Crude Oil Tank Cleaning

This study investigated the use of microbial analysis as a bioremediation option for remediating petroleum sludge, which is part of the waste stream generated in the petroleum industry. The aim is to reduce environmental burden caused by the discharge of untreated sludge. Sludge sample was cultured in other to isolate microorganisms for the sludge treatment. The selected strain of the organisms after screening were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Verticillus sp, Penicillum sp, and Microsporium audouinii. Bioreactors (labeled A, B, C, D and O) were designed for the treatment of petroleum sludge. These reactors contain 2.0 × 10-2 m3 of the diluted sludge samples and the isolated organisms for the treatment process. On a weekly basis, the control reactors received 1.5 × 10-3 m3 of fresh and saline water respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment, sludge physicochemical characteristics showed distinct variations. From the result, reactor D was the best in terms of remediating the sludge as compared to other reactors. Friedman non-parametric test was performed to check if the weeks of treatment affected the reduction of the total hydrocarbon content (THC) in the five reactors and also checked for significant differences in the THC after treatments. The drop in the THC of the treated sludge ranged from 56.0% to 67.3%. These results showed the possibility of enhanced biodegradation of petroleum sludge by hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (fungi).

Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Numerical model of compressible gas flow in soil pollution control

Based on the theory of fluid dynamics in porous media, a numerical model of gas flow in unsaturated zone is developed with the consideration of gas density change due to variation of air pressure. This model is characterized of its wider range of availability. The accuracy of this numerical model is analyzed through comparison with modeling results by previous model with presumption of little pressure variation and the validity of this numerical model is shown. Thus it provides basis for the designing and management of landfill gas control system or soil vapor extraction system in soil pollution control.

Resourcefulization approaches to pollution control of chromate residues in China

Over 2 million tons of chromate residues as hazardous wastes have been accumulated from chromate production processes during the past more than 30 years in China. Some serious pollution problems have been caused due to no appropriate technology and management. Approaches are reviewed to pollution control of chromate residues by utilizing them as secondary resources in this paper. In addition to legislation for pollution control, chromate residues can be used as raw materials to produce a great diversity of useful industrial products. Strategies are also recommanded for the resourcefulization of chromate residues.

To take a clean technology as a strategy for pollution control in industry

A clean technology in thermal power station by adding of limestone into coal for getting the co-melted compounds was studied. Comparing with conventional technology, the quantity of ash discharged is decreased from 85% to 15%, the water consumption is 80% less than traditional method. The slag discharged could be used as raw materials for cement and bricks. In addition, the SO2 content is decreased as well.

Water pollution control planning for the Taizi River watershed

Water pollution control planning for the Taizi River watershed,a typical Chinese case study,is presented in this paper. Based on comprehensive analysis.water quality in the watershed was assessed and predicated;water quality models for the river and reservoir were built;and function of water bodies and environmental assimilative capacity were determined ;and then the planning for industrial pollution sources and concentrated sewage treatment were made respectively.

Contribution to Harmonic Depollution Control by the Use of Adaptive Hybrid Filter Type TLC: Case of Control by Modulated Hysteresis

In this article, we propose a topology of a TLC-HAPF power filter as a harmonic compensator for an optimization of the pollution control of electrical networks. This filter consists of an active part and a passive part in order to reduce or limit switching losses during current injection into networks thanks to its TLC module. This topology also provides solutions dynamic performance issues, resonance and lack of compensation capacity for imbalance cases. It also offers a greater range of compensation than conventional active models which do not offer as well as an intermediate circuit voltage in the order of 105 V to 109 V relatively lower than others models (600 v). A modulated hysteresis control of this topology is therefore also developed in this article and allows to obtain a network analysis on the three phases at three levels: source side, load side, and finally at the connection of the filter to the network, allowing to specify for these different positions the value of the current spectrum and its THD at this well-defined moment.

Study on Water Pollution Control of Huaihe River and Countermeasures

Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accidents of water quality happened and caused the inestimable losses in the production, life and health of residents along the river and terribly damaged the ecological system of the river. Through the continuous large-scale treatment for more than 10 years, the deterioration of water quality in Huaihe River has been basically inhibited. Nevertheless, the water pollution in Huaihe River is, on the whole, still very serious for many reasons, including special climatic conditions, terrible lack of water resource, obsolete industrial structure and unsound management system for the river, etc. This essay deeply analyzes the rea- sons why the water pollution of Huaihe River is ＂chronic＂ and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for how to continuously improve the water quality of the river. In the end, this essay argues that it still takes 30-50 years or even a longer period, even if every measures are implemented smoothly and strictly, to actually make the water of Huaihe River clean and gradually restore its normal ecological and environmental functions.

Atmospheric Pollution Control Effect of Key Cities in Inner Mongolia in 2014

APEC conference was held in Beijing during November 3- 12,2014. Hohhot City and Baotou City fall into the peripheral key air pollution control cities in the ＂ Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei＂ region. Inner Mongolia government adopted powerful pollution control measures in the period of the conference. According to pollutant concentration data and meteorological data etc. in the course of the event and the same period of last year,the atmospheric pollution variations and control effect were discussed in this study. The results showed that during October 1- 25,2014,there were 16 days with air pollution in Hohhot City and 15 days with air pollution in Baotou City,respectively increasing by 8% and 34% compared with the same period of 2013,and the concentration of particulate matter was also higher than that of last year. During October 22- 24,2014,Hohhot and Baotou cities were polluted persistently. The variation features of hourly concentration of main pollutants PM（10） and PM2. 5were similar to those in the same period of 2013. That is,the pollutant concentration reached the maximum from 21：00 to 23：00,and the minimum appeared from 15： 00 to 19： 00 in the next day. In the course of the event,the concentration of particulate matter in the two cities stared to reduce greatly on October 26. From October 26 to November 13,there were no days with air pollution in Hohhot City,decreasing by 100% compared with the same period of 2013; there were five days with air pollution in Baotou City,and the numbers of days with slight,moderate and severe pollution reduced by 37%,100% and67% respectively compared with the same period of last year. The persistent air pollution from October 22 to the first 10 days of November was related to unfavorable meteorological conditions,and the meteorological condition in the same period of 2014 was even worse. In the course of the event,the Inner Mongolia Government adopted air pollution control measures around October 25 and began to adopt some powerful pollution control measures on November 1. As a result,air pollution in key cities has been controlled effectively. This event showed that urban atmospheric pollution problem can be resolved,and we should take an optimistic attitude towards this matter.