Two alkyl substituted polythiophene derivatives: poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and poly(3-decylthiophene)(P3DT), have synthesized by oxidation coupling polymerization of 3-alkylthiophene using iron(III) chloride as cat...Two alkyl substituted polythiophene derivatives: poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and poly(3-decylthiophene)(P3DT), have synthesized by oxidation coupling polymerization of 3-alkylthiophene using iron(III) chloride as catalyst in chloroform. While both polymers in pure chloroform solution have maximum absorption at approximately same wavelength of 440nm, they behave differently with respect to changes observed on their UV-visible and photoluminescence spectra when the quality of the poor solvent is changed in good solvent (chloroform) / poor solvent (methanol) mixtures. With increasing volume fraction of methanol in mixtures, the absorption spectra of P3HT and P3DT red-shift, peaking at maximum wavelength of 495nm (P3HT) and 510nm(P3DT). Furthermore, the absorption spectra of the two polymers in chloroform blue-shift as the temperature rises. P3HT shows 4.73nm blue-shifts at 50℃ in contrast to the case at 20℃, while P3DT blue-shifts about 5.04nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the two polymers in mixed solution are also investigated, which show that the luminescence spectra shift to longer wavelength with an accompanying drop in the PL intensity as methanol is increased. The absorption and emission spectra of the two polymers in a poor solvent and a thin film are similar, which indicate that a similar longer conjugation length in the two cases. It could conclude that the polymers exist almost the same conformations and aggregations in both a poor solvent and a thin film. P3DT exhibits more sensitive spectra properties (big red-shifts in both absorption and luminescence spectra in poor solvents and large blue-shifts at high temperature) with contrast to P3HT, which imply that long side alkyl may improve the chromic properties of the polymer.展开更多
通过线性扫描伏安法分别测试了电解质0.2M E t4NBF4的碳酸丙稀酯溶液在铂电极和玻璃碳电极上的电化学稳定窗口,结果表明,该电解质在玻璃碳电极上更稳定。通过电化学聚合在玻璃碳电极上分别合成了聚噻吩、聚-3-甲基-噻吩和聚-3,4-亚乙二...通过线性扫描伏安法分别测试了电解质0.2M E t4NBF4的碳酸丙稀酯溶液在铂电极和玻璃碳电极上的电化学稳定窗口,结果表明,该电解质在玻璃碳电极上更稳定。通过电化学聚合在玻璃碳电极上分别合成了聚噻吩、聚-3-甲基-噻吩和聚-3,4-亚乙二氧基-噻吩,并通过循环伏安对三种导电高分子的掺杂特性进行了表征,分析比较三种导电高分子在电化学掺杂/去掺杂过程中的掺杂电位、可传递电荷、掺杂度和电荷捕获度可知,对于其掺杂电位,PT>PMT>PEDT;而对于去掺杂电荷和掺杂度,PEDT>PMT>PT,这表明PEDT是更有应用前景的超电容器电极材料。展开更多
Poly（3-alkyl）pyrroles containing phosphonic acid groups with different alkyl segment lengths were chemical synthesized and the properties were measured by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. FTIR and UV-Vis results showed...Poly（3-alkyl）pyrroles containing phosphonic acid groups with different alkyl segment lengths were chemical synthesized and the properties were measured by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. FTIR and UV-Vis results showed that the synthesized polymers were in a low doping level through chemical polymerization. By spin-coating on the surface of substrates, the polymer can be used as a humidity sensor. The change of DC electric current of the polypyrroles varies with the chain length of the alkyl substituents. The capacitance increases with the increase of the humidity and resistance decreases with the increase of humidity. This result is different from that ofpolypyrrole without alkyl substituents due to the influence of the phosphonic acid group. The sensor showed the resistive-type at high relative humidity, and the capacitive- type at the low relative humidity. The sensor exhibited very fast response to the change of environment humidity.展开更多
High quality free-standing poly（thiophene-3-acetic acid） （PTAA）, a water-soluble polythiophene derivative, was uccessfully electrosynthesized in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate （BFEE） ＋ 25% （by volume） tri...High quality free-standing poly（thiophene-3-acetic acid） （PTAA）, a water-soluble polythiophene derivative, was uccessfully electrosynthesized in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate （BFEE） ＋ 25% （by volume） trifluoroacetic acid （TFA） at 9wer potential （0.38 V versus Pt）. The carboxyl group makes PTAA highly soluble in water, facilitating its potential pplication as a blue-light-emitting material. PTAA films with conductivity of 7 S cm-1 obtained from this medium showed ,etter redox activity and thermal stability. The structure and morphology of the polymer were studied by UV-Vis, FT-IR, H-NMR spectra and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.展开更多
The biocompatiable and low-toxic poly（thiophene-3-aeetic acid） （PTAA） matrix was successfully electrosynthesized in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-metbylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate （BmimPF6） in comparison with the e...The biocompatiable and low-toxic poly（thiophene-3-aeetic acid） （PTAA） matrix was successfully electrosynthesized in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-metbylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate （BmimPF6） in comparison with the electrosynthesis of PTAA matrix in acetonitrile （ACN）. Ascorbate oxidase （AO） was used as a model for the development and application of biosensor. Vitamin C （VC） biosensors were facilely fabricated by the covalent immobilization of AO molecules on PTAA matrices electrosynthesized in ACN containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and BmimPF6, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy indicated that AO molecules were covalently immobilized on PTAA matrices. Parameters of the as-obtained biosensors such as working potential, pH and temperature have been optimized. The amperometric biosensor based on PTAA matrix electrosynthesized in BmimPF6 exhibited wider linear range, lower detection limit, higher sensitivity and bioaffinity, and better operational and storage stability than that electrosynthesized in ACN under optimal conditions. The as-obtained biosensor based on PTAA matrix electrosynthesized in BmimPF6 was employed for the detection of VC content in comme：rcial juices, and the result was close to the data given by manufacturers. Excellent results indicate that the PTAA matrix electrosynthesized in ionic liquid is a promising platform for the covalent immobilization of biologically-active species and the development of biosensors.展开更多
At present,most of state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)are achieved from the photoactive materials involving donor–acceptor(D–A)copolymer donors.It is well known that the ...At present,most of state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)are achieved from the photoactive materials involving donor–acceptor(D–A)copolymer donors.It is well known that the complicated molecular structure of D–A copolymers means the tedious synthesis,which brings about severe cost issue and poor scalability for the industrial production.Therefore,to develop application-oriented OSCs,considerable attention should be paid on simplifying the chemical structures of polymer donors.Polythiophene(PT)and poly(thiophene vinylene)(PTV)derivatives should be among the simplest polymer donors,and OSCs based on them have made some breakthroughs in past 2 years.Here,we briefly introduce the recent advances of OSCs based on low-cost polymers including poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT),PT derivatives,and PTV derivatives,respectively,and emphasize the importance of modulating energy levels,preaggregation effect,and D/A miscibility for the past progress as well as the future development.At last,we also propose some challenges demanding prompt solution for realizing practical application of OSCs,aiming at providing guidance and stimulating new ideas for further research.展开更多
By converting incident light into electric power,self-powered electrochromic window(SP-ECW)can achieve color change in electrochromic layer with no need for external voltage.In this work,a newly-de signed SP-ECW is pr...By converting incident light into electric power,self-powered electrochromic window(SP-ECW)can achieve color change in electrochromic layer with no need for external voltage.In this work,a newly-de signed SP-ECW is proposed for altering its color between deep blue and colorless state according to on/off state of incident light.The device consists of a working electrode with planar integration of photovoltaic(PV)and electrochromic(EC)elements on one electrode,a platinum counter electrode and a redox electrolyte comprising Br^-/Br_3^-couple.A high transmittance modulation of 41%at 582 nm is obtained.Electrical energy converted from light is not only sufficient to drive the device,but also can be outputted to the external circuit.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60277002)
文摘Two alkyl substituted polythiophene derivatives: poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and poly(3-decylthiophene)(P3DT), have synthesized by oxidation coupling polymerization of 3-alkylthiophene using iron(III) chloride as catalyst in chloroform. While both polymers in pure chloroform solution have maximum absorption at approximately same wavelength of 440nm, they behave differently with respect to changes observed on their UV-visible and photoluminescence spectra when the quality of the poor solvent is changed in good solvent (chloroform) / poor solvent (methanol) mixtures. With increasing volume fraction of methanol in mixtures, the absorption spectra of P3HT and P3DT red-shift, peaking at maximum wavelength of 495nm (P3HT) and 510nm(P3DT). Furthermore, the absorption spectra of the two polymers in chloroform blue-shift as the temperature rises. P3HT shows 4.73nm blue-shifts at 50℃ in contrast to the case at 20℃, while P3DT blue-shifts about 5.04nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the two polymers in mixed solution are also investigated, which show that the luminescence spectra shift to longer wavelength with an accompanying drop in the PL intensity as methanol is increased. The absorption and emission spectra of the two polymers in a poor solvent and a thin film are similar, which indicate that a similar longer conjugation length in the two cases. It could conclude that the polymers exist almost the same conformations and aggregations in both a poor solvent and a thin film. P3DT exhibits more sensitive spectra properties (big red-shifts in both absorption and luminescence spectra in poor solvents and large blue-shifts at high temperature) with contrast to P3HT, which imply that long side alkyl may improve the chromic properties of the polymer.
文摘通过线性扫描伏安法分别测试了电解质0.2M E t4NBF4的碳酸丙稀酯溶液在铂电极和玻璃碳电极上的电化学稳定窗口,结果表明,该电解质在玻璃碳电极上更稳定。通过电化学聚合在玻璃碳电极上分别合成了聚噻吩、聚-3-甲基-噻吩和聚-3,4-亚乙二氧基-噻吩,并通过循环伏安对三种导电高分子的掺杂特性进行了表征,分析比较三种导电高分子在电化学掺杂/去掺杂过程中的掺杂电位、可传递电荷、掺杂度和电荷捕获度可知,对于其掺杂电位,PT>PMT>PEDT;而对于去掺杂电荷和掺杂度,PEDT>PMT>PT,这表明PEDT是更有应用前景的超电容器电极材料。
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.GK 200902008)
文摘Poly（3-alkyl）pyrroles containing phosphonic acid groups with different alkyl segment lengths were chemical synthesized and the properties were measured by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. FTIR and UV-Vis results showed that the synthesized polymers were in a low doping level through chemical polymerization. By spin-coating on the surface of substrates, the polymer can be used as a humidity sensor. The change of DC electric current of the polypyrroles varies with the chain length of the alkyl substituents. The capacitance increases with the increase of the humidity and resistance decreases with the increase of humidity. This result is different from that ofpolypyrrole without alkyl substituents due to the influence of the phosphonic acid group. The sensor showed the resistive-type at high relative humidity, and the capacitive- type at the low relative humidity. The sensor exhibited very fast response to the change of environment humidity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50872042)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.Y2008B61)the Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province(No.2008GG1003024)
文摘High quality free-standing poly（thiophene-3-acetic acid） （PTAA）, a water-soluble polythiophene derivative, was uccessfully electrosynthesized in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate （BFEE） ＋ 25% （by volume） trifluoroacetic acid （TFA） at 9wer potential （0.38 V versus Pt）. The carboxyl group makes PTAA highly soluble in water, facilitating its potential pplication as a blue-light-emitting material. PTAA films with conductivity of 7 S cm-1 obtained from this medium showed ,etter redox activity and thermal stability. The structure and morphology of the polymer were studied by UV-Vis, FT-IR, H-NMR spectra and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.
基金financially supported by the NSFC(Nos.50963002,51073074)Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period(Nos.2006BAD02A04,2006BAD01A01)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2006BAD01A01-2-5)
文摘The biocompatiable and low-toxic poly（thiophene-3-aeetic acid） （PTAA） matrix was successfully electrosynthesized in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-metbylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate （BmimPF6） in comparison with the electrosynthesis of PTAA matrix in acetonitrile （ACN）. Ascorbate oxidase （AO） was used as a model for the development and application of biosensor. Vitamin C （VC） biosensors were facilely fabricated by the covalent immobilization of AO molecules on PTAA matrices electrosynthesized in ACN containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and BmimPF6, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy indicated that AO molecules were covalently immobilized on PTAA matrices. Parameters of the as-obtained biosensors such as working potential, pH and temperature have been optimized. The amperometric biosensor based on PTAA matrix electrosynthesized in BmimPF6 exhibited wider linear range, lower detection limit, higher sensitivity and bioaffinity, and better operational and storage stability than that electrosynthesized in ACN under optimal conditions. The as-obtained biosensor based on PTAA matrix electrosynthesized in BmimPF6 was employed for the detection of VC content in comme：rcial juices, and the result was close to the data given by manufacturers. Excellent results indicate that the PTAA matrix electrosynthesized in ionic liquid is a promising platform for the covalent immobilization of biologically-active species and the development of biosensors.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFE0116700Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019B030302007National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21835006,91633301,22075017。
文摘At present,most of state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)are achieved from the photoactive materials involving donor–acceptor(D–A)copolymer donors.It is well known that the complicated molecular structure of D–A copolymers means the tedious synthesis,which brings about severe cost issue and poor scalability for the industrial production.Therefore,to develop application-oriented OSCs,considerable attention should be paid on simplifying the chemical structures of polymer donors.Polythiophene(PT)and poly(thiophene vinylene)(PTV)derivatives should be among the simplest polymer donors,and OSCs based on them have made some breakthroughs in past 2 years.Here,we briefly introduce the recent advances of OSCs based on low-cost polymers including poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT),PT derivatives,and PTV derivatives,respectively,and emphasize the importance of modulating energy levels,preaggregation effect,and D/A miscibility for the past progress as well as the future development.At last,we also propose some challenges demanding prompt solution for realizing practical application of OSCs,aiming at providing guidance and stimulating new ideas for further research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21274138,21273207,21474096)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Integrated system of high efficiency building energy saving and its application,KFZD-SW-403)
文摘By converting incident light into electric power,self-powered electrochromic window(SP-ECW)can achieve color change in electrochromic layer with no need for external voltage.In this work,a newly-de signed SP-ECW is proposed for altering its color between deep blue and colorless state according to on/off state of incident light.The device consists of a working electrode with planar integration of photovoltaic(PV)and electrochromic(EC)elements on one electrode,a platinum counter electrode and a redox electrolyte comprising Br^-/Br_3^-couple.A high transmittance modulation of 41%at 582 nm is obtained.Electrical energy converted from light is not only sufficient to drive the device,but also can be outputted to the external circuit.
