Preparation and properties of short natural fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

The natural fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared with ramie and jute short fiber as reinforcement and PLA as matrix. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the properties of the composites are better than those of plain PLA. When the content of the fiber is 30%, the composites can get the best mechanical properties. The dynamic mechanical analysis results show that the storage moduli of the PLA/ramie and PLA/jute composites increase with respect to the plain PLA. The Vicat softening temperature of the composites is greatly higher than that of PLA. The results of thermogravimetric analysis show that adding fiber to the PLA matrix can improve the degradation temperature of PLA.

Poly(lactic acid)-starch/Expandable Graphite (PLA-starch/EG) Flame Retardant Composites

This work reports on the effect of commercial expandable graphite(EG)on the flammability and thermal decomposition properties of PLA-starch blend.The PLA-starch/EG composites were prepared by melt-mixing and their thermal stability,volatile pyrolysis products and flammability characteristics were investigated.The char residues of the composites,after combustion in a cone calorimeter,were analyzed with environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).The thermal decomposition stability of the composites improved in the presence of EG.However,the char content was less than expected as per the combination of the wt%EG added into PLA-starch and the%residue of PLA-starch.The flammability performance of the PLA-starch/EG composites improved,especially at 15 wt%EG content,due to a thick and strong worm-like char structure.The peak heat release rate(PHRR)improved by 74%,the total smoke production(TSP)by 40%and the specific extinction area(SEA)by 55%.The improvements are attributed to the ability of EG to exfoliate at increased temperatures during which time three effects occurred:(i)cooling due to an endothermic exfoliation process,(ii)dilution due to release of H2O,SO2 and CO2 gases,and (iii)formation of a protective intumescent char layer.However,the CO and CO2 yields were found to be unfavorably high due to the presence of EG.

The Green Composites: Millet Husk Fiber (MHF) Filled Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Degradability Effects on Environment

This study provides an overview on green composites degradability. Practically, the main drawbacks of using natural fibers are their poor dimensional stability, degradability and high degree of moisture absorption. While, end use of product from natural fiber filled or reinforced composites has become subject of concern to material engineers and scientist. The major properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are greatly dependent on the hydrophilic tendency and dimensional stability of the fibers used, morphology aspect ratio for long fiber, while voids for powder fibers. The effects of chemical treatments on cellulosic fibers that are used as reinforcements for thermoplastics were studied. The chemical source for the treatments is alkalization. The significance of chemically-treated natural fibers is seen through the improvement of mechanical properties. The untreated fiber composites degrade faster in municipal soil compared to treated fiber composites.

Multi-porous electroactive poly(L-lactic acid)/ polypyrrole composite micro/nano fibrous scaffolds promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells

In this study, poly（L-lactic acid）/ammonium persulfate doped-polypyrrole composite fibrous scaffolds with moderate conductivity were produced by combining electrospinning with in situ polymerization. PC12 cells were cultured on these fibrous scaffolds and their growth following electrical stimulation （0-20.0 μA stimulus intensity, for 1-4 days） was observed using inverted light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with the MTT cell viability test. The results demonstrated that the poly（L-lactic acid）/ammonium persulfate doped-polypyrrole fibrous scaffold was a dual multi-porous micro/nano fibrous scaffold. An electrical stimulation with a current intensity 5.0- 10.0 μAfor about 2 days enhanced neuronal growth and neurite outgrowth, while a high current intensity （over 15.0 μA） suppressed them. These results indicate that electrical stimulation with a moderate current intensity for an optimum time frame can promote neuronal growth and neurite outgrowth in an intensity- and time-dependent manner.

Enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardancy of short jute fiber/poly(lactic acid)composites with phosphorus-based compound

In this work, a phosphorous-based compound （DOPO-ICN） was obtained by a two-step process. 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10- phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide （DOPO） reacted with formaldehyde firstly, followed with reacting with 1,6-hexane diisocyanate （HD1）. The chemical structure of DOPO-ICN was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and 1H NMR. The influence of DOPO-1CN on the mechanical and flammability properties ofjute/PLA composites was studied. Compared to DOPO, DOPO-ICN improved the tensile, flexural and impact strength of the flame retardant jute/PLA composites. Moreover, the flammability ofjute/PLA composites with different DOPO and DOPO-MA loading was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, UL 94 test and limiting oxygen index （LOI） measurements. The results showed that DOPO-ICN imparted the flame retardancy to the jute/PLA composites.

Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microspheres Incorporated PLLA/PLGA/PCL Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The combination of micro-carriers and polymer scaffolds as promising bone grafts have attracted considerable interest in recent decades.The poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone(PLLA/PLGA/PCL)composite scaffold with porous structure was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Dexamethasone(DEX)was incorporated into PLGA microspheres and then loaded on the PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffoldtopreparethedesiredcompositescaffold.The physicochemical properties of the prepared composite scaffold were characterized.The morphology of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)grown on scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and fluorescence microscope.The resultsshowedthatthePLLA/PLGA/PCLscaffoldhad interconnected macropores and biomimetic nanofibrous structure.In addition,DEX can be released from scaffold in a sustained manner.More importantly,DEX loaded composite scaffold can effectively support the proliferation of BMSCs as indicated by fluorescence observation and cell proliferation assay.The results suggested that the prepared PLLA/PLGA/PCL composite scaffold incorporating drug-loaded PLGA microspheres could hold great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Wood Plastic Biocomposites Prepared from Toughened Poly（lactic acid） and Rubber Wood Sawdust （Hevea brasiliensis）

The present research aims to utilize the acrylic Core-Shell Rubber （CSR） particles to reduce the brittleness in Wood Plastic Composites （WPC） prepared from poly（lactic acid） （PLA） and rubber wood sawdust （Hevea brasiliensis）. Experimental works consisted of two major parts. The first part concentrated on toughening PLA by using CSR particles. Mechanical tests revealed that PLA had become tougher with a more than five times increment in the impact strength when the CSR was added at only 5 wt%. The modified PLA was less stiff with the significant reductions of both elastic and flexural moduli and strengths. The second part focused on producing WPC from the toughened PLA and rubber wood sawdust. The tensile moduli and the strengths of the PLA composites increased with rubber wood content. The composites turned out to be more brittle with reductions of both the impact strength and the tensile elongation at break at all the sawdust contents. Toughening PLA/wood flour with 5 wt% CSR improved both the impact strength and the tensile elongation at break. The toughness enhancement was also depicted by the plastic deformation observed on the surfaces of fractured PLA/CSR/wood sawdust composites.

Preparation and Characterization of the Covalent-Integrated Poly(lactic acid) and Scrap Leather Fiber Composites

Scrap leather fibers(SLFs) modified with active silane containing epoxide groups were incorporated into poly(lactic acid)(PLA) modified by vinyl trimethoxysilane,i.e.,the PLA/SLF composites were prepared for bio-composites by solvent compounding technology in this article.The effects of silane coupling agents on the structures of PLA and SLF molecules were examined,and the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PLA/SLF composites were also measured.The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) had proved that silane had been incorporated successfully to PLA and SLF molecules by means of the solvent technology.Scanning electric microscopy(SEM) was used to investigate both the changes in shapes between the pristine SLFs and the treated SLFs and the microscopic structures of composites.According to SEM results,it was shown that there were some significant differences between the untreated and treated SLFs,and a double continuous phase structure had occurred in PLA/SLF composites due to the excellent dispersion of SLFs in matrix.The addition of the treated SLFs into PLA resulted in a distinct improvement of the impact and tensile strengths.When the mass fraction of the treated SLFs was 15%,the notched impact strength and tensile strength of PLA/SLF bio-composites were improved by 34.4%and 21.2%compared with the pristine PLA,respectively. Additionally,with the increase of the modified SLFs content,the thermal stability of PLA/SLF bi-composites was apparently improved.The macroscopic properties of bio-composites were found to be strongly dependent on their components,concentration,dispersion and resulted morphological structures.

Biodegradation of jute/poly(lactic acid) composites by fungi

Jute/poly(lactic acid)(PLA) composites were firstly prepared by extrusion and injection molding. Then the composites were exposed to a fungi environment for 28 d which consisted with five fungi according to the American Society of Testing Materials(ASTM) standards. Weight loss, morphology and mechanical properties of the samples with different infected days were measured. Gel permeation chromatography(GPC), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were utilized to analyze the infected process. Mechanism can be concluded that PLA on the surface of composites slowly degraded under the fungi environment. Then surface fiber were exposed in the air, the interface gap between fiber and matrix enlarged, resulting in the decline of the mechanical properties.

木质素在合成可降解高分子材料中的应用研究进展

简述了木质素的结构、特性和分类情况,并综述了近年来国内外使用木质素来增强和改善聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二酯、聚乳酸、聚己内酯和聚丁二酸丁二酯等合成可降解高分子材料性能的研究进展。指出木质素与合成可降解高分子材料复合可以赋予复合材料多种功能特性,如紫外屏蔽、抗菌、阻隔等,并能改善材料的生物降解性能,同时实现降本增效的目标。最后提出当前木质素与合成可降解高分子材料复合材料工业化生产应用存在的问题,并对木质素基全生物降解复合材料的未来研究趋势进行展望。

Poly(methyl methacrylate)-induced Microstructure and Hydrolysis Behavior Changes of Poly(L-lactic acid)/Carbon Nanotubes Composites

Poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)-based composites exhibit wide applications in many fields.However,most of hydrophilic fillers usually accelerate the hydrolytic degradation of PLLA,which is unfavorable for the prolonging of the service life of the articles.In this work,a small quantity of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)(2 wt%-10 wt%)was incorporated into the PLLA/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)composites.The effects of PMMA content on the dispersion of CNTs as well as the microstructure and hydrolytic degradation behaviors of the composites were systematically investigated.The results showed that PMMA promoted the dispersion of CNTs in the composites.Amorphous PLLA was obtained in all the composites.Largely enhanced hydrolytic degradation resistance was achieved by incorporating PMMA,especially at relatively high PMMA content.Incorporating 10 wt%PMMA led to a dramatic decrease in the hydrolytic degradation rate from 0.19%/h of the PLLA/CNT composite sample to 0.059%/h of the PLLA/PMMA-10/CNT composite sample.The microstructure evolution of the composites was also detected,and the results showed that no crystallization occurred in the PLLA matrix.Further results based on the interfacial tension calculation showed that the enhanced hydrolytic degradation resistance of the PLLA matrix was mainly attributed to the relatively strong interfacial affinity between PMMA and CNTs,which prevented the occurrence of hydrolytic degradation at the interface between PLLA and CNTs.This work provides an alternative method for tailoring the hydrolytic degradation ability of the PLLA-based composites.

竹质纤维形态对聚乳酸基竹塑复合材料性能的影响

为高值化利用竹材加工剩余物资源,以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,竹粉纤维(BF)、竹屑纤维(BS)、竹原纤维(BN)与竹浆纤维(BP)为填料,采用密炼-注塑工艺制备了四种竹塑复合材料,研究了竹质纤维种类对其结构与性能的影响。研究结果显示,BP与BN纤维长径比更大,BS中颗粒形态较多,BF与BS质地较刚硬。BF、BN与PLA共混熔体的混炼扭矩更大,PLA/BP复合材料吸水率最大。BF,BS,BN与PLA的界面相容性较好,其添加改善了复合材料的力学性能,而BP添加降低了复合材料的力学性能。与PLA相比,在纤维质量分数为30%时,PLA/BF,PLA/BS与PLA/BN复合材料拉伸强度分别提高了17.85%,13.6%,11.89%,冲击强度分别提高24.33%,18.70%,35.57%,弯曲强度分别提高19.45%,21.45%,4.99%。PLA/BF复合材料的综合力学性能最优,其次为PLA/BS复合材料,PLA/BP复合材料最差。研究可为竹塑复合材料的开发与应用提供有益参考。

低温冷凝沉积法3D打印骨组织工程左旋聚乳酸/珍珠粉复合支架

背景:大面积骨缺损的修复目前仍面临严峻挑战,研发可个性化定制、低成本且具有成骨诱导活性的组织工程支架用于骨修复意义深远。目的:探索低温冷凝沉积法实现3D打印含珍珠复合材料骨组织工程支架的工艺流程,并进一步测试该复合支架的理化性能和体外生物学功能。方法:采用研磨过筛法制备珍珠粉,将不同质量的珍珠粉加入左旋聚乳酸墨水中,使珍珠粉与左旋聚乳酸的质量比分别为0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5,采用低温冷凝沉积法3D打印左旋聚乳酸/珍珠粉复合支架。检测支架的微观形貌、抗压性能、水接触角、细胞相容性以及体外促成骨分化能力。结果与结论:①扫描电镜显示5组支架均有直径2μm甚至更小的微孔,形状不规则且相互连通;②5组支架均具有良好的抗压性能,其中珍珠粉0.5组支架的压缩强度高于其他4组支架(P<0.05),珍珠粉0.2组、珍珠粉0.5组的水接触角小于珍珠粉0组(P<0.01,P<0.001);③将骨髓间充质干细胞分别与5组支架共培养1,3,5 d,珍珠粉0.1组、珍珠粉0.2组、珍珠粉0.3组、珍珠粉0.5组培养3,5 d的细胞增殖均快于珍珠粉0组(P<0.05);培养1 d的活死染色显示,各组支架上的细胞数量较少,但均为活细胞;④将骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种至珍珠粉0组、珍珠粉0.1组支架表面进行成骨诱导分化,珍珠粉0.1组诱导4,6 d的碱性磷酸酶活性高于珍珠粉0组(P<0.05);⑤结果表明,左旋聚乳酸/珍珠粉复合支架具有良好的抗压强度、亲水性、细胞相容性与促成骨性能。

基质细胞衍生因子1修饰左旋聚乳酸多孔微球促进软骨细胞增殖和组织形成

背景:二维培养条件下的软骨细胞增殖及表型维持受限,多孔微球作为支架材料可提供三维培养环境,以更好地模拟体内生长条件。基质细胞衍生因子1是有强趋化效力的稳态细胞因子,能够促进细胞的黏附与增殖。目的:明确接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球对软骨细胞生物学特性及软骨组织形成的影响。方法:(1)体外验证不同质量浓度基质细胞衍生因子1对兔软骨细胞增殖、迁移、表型维持的影响。(2)采用复乳法制备左旋聚乳酸多孔微球,利用碳二亚胺法将基质细胞衍生因子1接枝于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,通过酶联免疫吸附实验及孵育基质细胞衍生因子1特异荧光抗体验证接枝情况。(3)将兔软骨细胞分别接种于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球、接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,检测细胞增殖与黏附。(4)在裸鼠背部皮下分别植入甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(对照组)、左旋聚乳酸多孔微球-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(多孔微球组)、接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(多孔微球修饰组),8周后取材,分别进行组织学染色与成软骨相关基因qRT-PCR检测。结果与结论:(1)相较于0,1 000 ng/mL基质细胞衍生因子1,500 ng/mL基质细胞衍生因子1可促进软骨细胞的增殖与迁移,提升软骨细胞内Ⅱ型胶原、弹性蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原、Bcl-2 mRNA表达;(2)基质细胞衍生因子1成功接枝于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,接枝率为93.75%;(3)相较于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球,接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球可促进软骨细胞的增殖、黏附;(4)裸鼠皮下植入8周后,相较于对照组、多孔微球组,多孔微球修饰组具有更明显的软骨陷窝结构、更丰富的软骨特异性基质和Ⅱ型胶原沉积,弹性蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原、增殖细胞核抗原、Bcl-2 mRNA表达升高。结果表明:接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球有利于软骨细胞的黏附、增殖、表型维持以及体内软骨组织形成。

壳聚糖接枝PGMA增容PLA/PBAT复合材料的结构与性能

采用离子交联和表面引发接枝聚合法(SIP)制备了壳聚糖接枝聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性纳米粒子(CSPGMA),使用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合成的CS-PGMA进行了表征。结果表明,通过离子交联和SIP成功制得CS-PGMA改性纳米粒子,且分散情况得到明显改善。以CS-PGMA为增容剂,通过熔融共混法制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚(对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二酯)(PBAT)/CS-PGMA三元复合材料,采用SEM、拉伸性能测试、差示扫描量热、动态热机械分析、热重和降解试验等考察了CS-PGMA含量对复合材料微观结构、力学性能、熔融结晶行为、界面相容性、热稳定性和降解性能的影响。结果表明,PLA和PBAT为热力学不相容体系,CS-PGMA能有效增容PLA/PBAT共混物。随CS-PGMA含量增大,复合材料拉伸强度呈先增大后降低的趋势,降解率呈先下降后增大的趋势,热稳定性逐渐下降。少量CS-PGMA可促进冷结晶,但当其质量分数超过2%时,冷结晶逐渐受限。当CS-PGMA质量分数为4%时,拉伸强度最高为47.85 MPa,断裂伸长率为225.03%,满足柔性包装材料的使用要求。

聚乳酸/芦苇纤维复合材料降解性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了不同比例的聚乳酸/芦苇纤维(PLA/RF)共混物,并通过吹塑制备了相对应的薄膜。研究了在蛋白酶K的作用下不同RF含量的PLA/RF薄膜的生物降解性能,同时用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测定了样品降解过程中的结晶行为以及表面形貌变化。结果表明,RF对PLA的酶解降解有促进作用,随着RF含量的增加PLA/RF复合材料的酶解速率提升,其中含有30%(质量分数,下同)芦苇纤维的PLA/RF薄膜的降解速率最大,16天内可降解81.11%。研究还表明,加入芦苇纤维可以降低PLA的结晶度,从而影响降解速度。

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球在骨组织工程中的应用

背景:聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球具有良好的生物相容性、生物安全性和生物降解性,作为载体已经被广泛应用于骨组织工程中,但其仍有缺乏亲水性、副产物酸性及缺乏功能化等缺点,因此需要进行不同的修饰改性方能更好地应用。目的:对聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球在骨组织工程中的应用进行综述。方法:以“poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer microsphere,PLGA microsphere,growth factor,drug deliver,modified,functional modification,composite scaffold,bone tissue engineering”为检索词在Web of Science和PubMed数据库检索自2000年1月至2022年6月收录的相关文献,并将其进行筛选和分析,最终选择83篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的理化性质与其乳酸和羟基乙酸比、分子质量和端基团等因素有关。目前,乳酸和羟基乙酸比例为75∶25、相对分子质量为75000-100000,端羧基的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物在制备微球时应用较多。②现在常用的制备方法主要包括乳化法、微流控技术、电喷雾、喷雾干燥和超临界流体法。具体的制备方法需结合微球的应用需求及生产条件来选择,随着技术的成熟与进步,未来会有更稳定、高效的生产方式。③聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的修饰改性包括负载生长因子和药物、功能化修饰以及以微球为基础构建复合支架。负载生长因子可促进细胞分化、血管生成,从而促进骨组织的修复与再生;负载药物可治疗多种骨骼类疾病;复合无机矿物可以提高聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物的力学性能,而且提供骨组织生长所需的微量元素,更多的被用于骨缺损的治疗;通过增加微球调控细胞的分泌与活性的能力,参与疾病的免疫调控,为疾病治疗提供新思路;以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球为基础的复合支架,在支架原有的优点外,还能增加微创递送药物、缓释药物的能力,但是距离临床应用还需进一步研究证实。④聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球在未来有望根据骨组织工程的不同需求,制定不同的修饰方法,从而生产出针对不同疾病具有特定功能的微球。

聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球的生物安全性评价

背景:纳米材料以及包含纳米相的医疗器械,因为纳米材料具有尺寸小、比表面积大等独特特性,可能会引发特殊的生物效应,其生物安全性成为人们关注的重点。目的:评价聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球的生物安全性。方法:采用乳液溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球。(1)细胞毒性实验:将聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球浸提液与小鼠成纤维细胞共培养,同时设置空白对照(完全培养基)、阴性对照(高密度聚乙烯树脂浸提液)与阳性对照(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌浸提液),采用MTT法评价细胞毒性;(2)致敏反应:将复合微球分别进行极性浸提和非极性浸提,进行豚鼠皮内诱导和激发实验,记录结果;(3)皮内反应:将复合微球进行极性浸提和非极性浸提,兔皮内注射后即刻及24,48,72 h,观察各注射部位状况;(4)全身急性毒反应:将复合微球分别进行极性浸提和非极性浸提,通过静脉和腹腔注射到KM小鼠体内,观察小鼠体质量变化;(5)热源反应:将复合微球进行极性浸提,通过耳缘静脉注射至兔体内,记录体温变化;(6)骨植入实验:将圆柱状的复合微球与高密度聚乙烯棒分别植入兔胫骨缺损部位,进行大体观察和局部组织病理学观察。结果与结论:(1)聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球无细胞毒性、无致敏性、无皮内刺激反应、无全身急性毒反应,热源反应符合检测规定;复合微球植入兔胫骨缺损部位后,植入部位未见血肿、水肿、炎症等病变,组织学观察显示复合微球具有一定的骨组织修复能力;(2)骨结果显示,聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石复合微球具有良好的生物安全性。

聚乙烯醇纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)和高强高模聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维为原料,通过熔融共混热压成型工艺制备了不同PVA纤维含量的PLA/PVA复合材料,研究了复合材料的相形态、玻璃化转变、结晶和熔融行为以及力学性能。结果表明:低含量的PVA纤维能均匀地分散在PLA基体中,当纤维质量分数达到20%时,纤维发生团聚。差示扫描量热仪测试结果表明PVA纤维在PLA结晶过程中起到了成核作用。随PVA纤维含量增加,PLA的结晶度增加。此外,动态力学行为表明PVA纤维含量的增加有助于提高复合材料储能模量和刚性。复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量随PVA纤维含量的增加而增加,当PVA纤维质量分数为20%时,拉伸和弯曲模量达到最大,与纯PLA相比,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲模量分别提高了43.5%和38.6%。但是,PVA纤维的加入并没有使复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度得到较大改善。

水环境下纱线结构对苎麻/聚乳酸复合材料老化的影响

研究了单股苎麻纤维(R1)和3股苎麻纤维(R3)这2种纱线结构对苎麻/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料吸水老化的影响.结果表明:R1/PLA复合材料中,苎麻纤维分布较为均匀;老化前期,R1/PLA与R3/PLA复合材料的吸水行为大致相同,老化后期,R3/PLA复合材料的吸水率高于R1/PLA复合材料;随着老化的进行,2种复合材料中的纤维与基体界面处出现微裂纹,基体结晶度先升后降,R3/PLA复合材料的老化速率较快,其力学性能在老化后期低于R1/PLA复合材料.R1/PLA复合材料由于纤维具有良好的分散性,其耐久性能较好,可应用于建筑工程中.