This article aims to examine the behavior of Unplasticized Poly-Vinyl-Chloride(UPVC)bounded reinforced columns with polypropylene fibers under axial compression.To develop this model,samples of concrete filled UPVC pi...This article aims to examine the behavior of Unplasticized Poly-Vinyl-Chloride(UPVC)bounded reinforced columns with polypropylene fibers under axial compression.To develop this model,samples of concrete filled UPVC pipe(CFUT)with different geometric properties were tested.To obtain the specimens different class pipes with three different diameters were used to investigate the sensitivity of these columns to various parameters.The effect of each variable on the ultimate strength,ductility and confinement efficiency of the samples was investigated.All specimens were compressed by applying load only to the concrete core to obtain the load-displacement variations and the corresponding deformation mode.A finite element model was developed using the proposed stress-strain variation of confined concrete with UPVC tubes to simulate axial compression of CFUT specimens.According to the results obtained,the effect of the change in diameter-thickness ratio failure stress of concrete limited by(D/t)is obtained and discussed with empirical relationship.Polypropylene fibers were found to slightly increase column strength up to a certain volume fraction,after which the strength generally experienced a decrease.展开更多
Thermogravimetric study of medical transfusion tube （MTT） waste containing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA） with N2, at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30...Thermogravimetric study of medical transfusion tube （MTT） waste containing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA） with N2, at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 ℃/min. The purpose is to obtain pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters of medical waste. The experimental results indicate that the pyrolysis behavior of the MTT sample is in agreement with its main ingredient of PVC, appearing two stair stepping stages. The influence of the additives in MTT on pyrolysis behavior was also revealed, which could improve MTT pyrolysis at lower temperature in the first stage, and cause obvious unsmoothness and asymmetry of the second DTG peak. Four n-order kinetic models of Coats-Redfern, Ozawa, Kissinger and Freeman-carroll were used to get the kinetic parameters. Furthermore, a novel ＂two-step four-reaction model＂ was established to simulate the whole continuous process. The different methods and the kinetic parameters thus obtained were discussed and compared with each other in literatures. The reasons of deviation among kinetic values were tried to be elucidated. The new established model could more satisfactorily describe the pyrolysis process of MTT, being more mechanistic and conveniently serving for the engineering.展开更多
Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes were combined with PVC to enhance both toughness and strength by simply mixing long alkyl chain modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (abbreviated as MWNTs) or Ester-functiona...Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes were combined with PVC to enhance both toughness and strength by simply mixing long alkyl chain modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (abbreviated as MWNTs) or Ester-functionalized soluble MWNTs (abbreviated as eMWNTs) with PVC in Tetrahydrofuran (THF)/Cyclohexanone (CH) solution to obtain good dispersity solution. The MWNTs modified with 1-Bromohexadecane can effectively increase the intermolecular force with PVC by hydrogen bond. The obtained nanocomposite has a regular shape with homogeneously dispersed particles. PVC/2 wt% eMWNTs has been proved to possess excellent thermal stability. The intermolecular force between eMWNTs and PVC endows the as-fabricated nanocomposite with enhanced toughness and strength, indicating that our method is promising for wide use in PVC/eMWNTs nanocomposition.展开更多
The authors developed a nitrate ion-selective electrode（ISE） based on poly（vinyl chloride）（PVC） membrane with methyltrioctylammonium nitrate as a carrier and 1-decanol as a plasticizer.The performance of the nit...The authors developed a nitrate ion-selective electrode（ISE） based on poly（vinyl chloride）（PVC） membrane with methyltrioctylammonium nitrate as a carrier and 1-decanol as a plasticizer.The performance of the nitrate-sensitive membranes was optimized by tuning the composition of components.The electrode exhibits a linear response with a Nernstian slope of（52±1.0） mV per decade for the nitrate ion concentration ranging from 5.8×10-5 mol/L to 1.0 mol/L.The electrode can be used to detect a low concentration of nitrate ions down to 3×10-5 mol/L in a pH range of 2.1―11.5 without any compensation.The advantage of the electrode includes simple preparation,short response time and good repeatability.The detection performance of the novel electrode on nitrate ions has been tested for water samples.展开更多
This paper describes the effects of fire on durability of reinforced concrete structures, and points out that fire not only damages the chemical composition and physical structure of concrete by high temperature, but ...This paper describes the effects of fire on durability of reinforced concrete structures, and points out that fire not only damages the chemical composition and physical structure of concrete by high temperature, but also leads to an additional risk due to the generation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) combustion gases. A mathematical model is proposed to calculate chloride ingress profiles in fire damaged concrete, so as to explore the service life prediction of the structure. Rapid Chloride Migration (RCM) test was carried out to determine the chloride diffusion coefficients for the application of the mathematical model. Finally, the detected results of a reported case testified to the validity of the mathematical model.展开更多
The universal creep equation is successful in relating the creep （ε） to the aging time （t） , coefficient of retardation time （β） , and intrinsic time （ to ）. This relation was used to treat the creep experim...The universal creep equation is successful in relating the creep （ε） to the aging time （t） , coefficient of retardation time （β） , and intrinsic time （ to ）. This relation was used to treat the creep experimental data for polyvinyl chloride （ PVC ） specimens at a given stress and different aging times. The βgs found by the “polynomial fitting” method in this work instead of the “middle - point” method reported in the literature. The unified master line was constructed with the treated data and curves according to the universal equation. The master line can be used to predict the long- term creed behavior and lifetime by extrapolating.展开更多
Plasticizers are essential additives in the processing of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),with phthalate plasticizers being widely used.However,these conventional plasticizers have been shown to be harmful to human health and...Plasticizers are essential additives in the processing of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),with phthalate plasticizers being widely used.However,these conventional plasticizers have been shown to be harmful to human health and environmentally unfriendly,necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly bio-based alternatives.In this study,Camellia oleifera seed oil,a specialty resource in China,was utilized as a raw material and reacted with 4,4′-Methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline)(AG-80)to synthesize Phenyl Camellia seed Oil Ester(PCSOE).PCSOE was employed as a plasticizer to prepare modified PVC films with varying concentrations,with the conventional plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP)serving as a control.Experimental results demonstrate that PSCOE-plasticized PVC films exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity,tensile strength,and thermal stability compared to DOP-modified PVC films.The contact angle of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 66.26°to 78.48°,which is generally lower than the contact angle of DOP-modified PVC films at 78.40°,indicating improved hydrophilicity due to the modification with PCSOE.The tensile strength of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 17.73 to 20.17 MPa,all surpassing the value of 16.41 MPa for DOP-modified PVC films.Moreover,the temperatures corresponding to 5%,10%,and 50%weight loss for PVC samples modified with PCSOE are higher than those for DOP.Hence,PCSOE presents a viable alternative to DOP as a plasticizer for PVC materials.展开更多
基金the Head of the Civil Engineering Department,Faculty of Engineering and Technology,Jamia Millia Islamia,New Delhi-110025,India.
文摘This article aims to examine the behavior of Unplasticized Poly-Vinyl-Chloride(UPVC)bounded reinforced columns with polypropylene fibers under axial compression.To develop this model,samples of concrete filled UPVC pipe(CFUT)with different geometric properties were tested.To obtain the specimens different class pipes with three different diameters were used to investigate the sensitivity of these columns to various parameters.The effect of each variable on the ultimate strength,ductility and confinement efficiency of the samples was investigated.All specimens were compressed by applying load only to the concrete core to obtain the load-displacement variations and the corresponding deformation mode.A finite element model was developed using the proposed stress-strain variation of confined concrete with UPVC tubes to simulate axial compression of CFUT specimens.According to the results obtained,the effect of the change in diameter-thickness ratio failure stress of concrete limited by(D/t)is obtained and discussed with empirical relationship.Polypropylene fibers were found to slightly increase column strength up to a certain volume fraction,after which the strength generally experienced a decrease.
基金Project(50378062) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(09JCYBJC08100) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China
文摘Thermogravimetric study of medical transfusion tube （MTT） waste containing polyvinyl chloride （PVC） was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA） with N2, at different heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 ℃/min. The purpose is to obtain pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters of medical waste. The experimental results indicate that the pyrolysis behavior of the MTT sample is in agreement with its main ingredient of PVC, appearing two stair stepping stages. The influence of the additives in MTT on pyrolysis behavior was also revealed, which could improve MTT pyrolysis at lower temperature in the first stage, and cause obvious unsmoothness and asymmetry of the second DTG peak. Four n-order kinetic models of Coats-Redfern, Ozawa, Kissinger and Freeman-carroll were used to get the kinetic parameters. Furthermore, a novel ＂two-step four-reaction model＂ was established to simulate the whole continuous process. The different methods and the kinetic parameters thus obtained were discussed and compared with each other in literatures. The reasons of deviation among kinetic values were tried to be elucidated. The new established model could more satisfactorily describe the pyrolysis process of MTT, being more mechanistic and conveniently serving for the engineering.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21173266,21473250)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.11XNJ021)the Research Funds of Renmin University of China
文摘Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes were combined with PVC to enhance both toughness and strength by simply mixing long alkyl chain modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (abbreviated as MWNTs) or Ester-functionalized soluble MWNTs (abbreviated as eMWNTs) with PVC in Tetrahydrofuran (THF)/Cyclohexanone (CH) solution to obtain good dispersity solution. The MWNTs modified with 1-Bromohexadecane can effectively increase the intermolecular force with PVC by hydrogen bond. The obtained nanocomposite has a regular shape with homogeneously dispersed particles. PVC/2 wt% eMWNTs has been proved to possess excellent thermal stability. The intermolecular force between eMWNTs and PVC endows the as-fabricated nanocomposite with enhanced toughness and strength, indicating that our method is promising for wide use in PVC/eMWNTs nanocomposition.
基金Supported by the Project of Wuxi Pollution Prevention Funding Agency,China(No.2008-1)
文摘The authors developed a nitrate ion-selective electrode（ISE） based on poly（vinyl chloride）（PVC） membrane with methyltrioctylammonium nitrate as a carrier and 1-decanol as a plasticizer.The performance of the nitrate-sensitive membranes was optimized by tuning the composition of components.The electrode exhibits a linear response with a Nernstian slope of（52±1.0） mV per decade for the nitrate ion concentration ranging from 5.8×10-5 mol/L to 1.0 mol/L.The electrode can be used to detect a low concentration of nitrate ions down to 3×10-5 mol/L in a pH range of 2.1―11.5 without any compensation.The advantage of the electrode includes simple preparation,short response time and good repeatability.The detection performance of the novel electrode on nitrate ions has been tested for water samples.
基金Project (No. 50538070) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This paper describes the effects of fire on durability of reinforced concrete structures, and points out that fire not only damages the chemical composition and physical structure of concrete by high temperature, but also leads to an additional risk due to the generation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) combustion gases. A mathematical model is proposed to calculate chloride ingress profiles in fire damaged concrete, so as to explore the service life prediction of the structure. Rapid Chloride Migration (RCM) test was carried out to determine the chloride diffusion coefficients for the application of the mathematical model. Finally, the detected results of a reported case testified to the validity of the mathematical model.
基金Sponsored by the Departmet of Science ad Technology, Government of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.GC04A407).
文摘The universal creep equation is successful in relating the creep （ε） to the aging time （t） , coefficient of retardation time （β） , and intrinsic time （ to ）. This relation was used to treat the creep experimental data for polyvinyl chloride （ PVC ） specimens at a given stress and different aging times. The βgs found by the “polynomial fitting” method in this work instead of the “middle - point” method reported in the literature. The unified master line was constructed with the treated data and curves according to the universal equation. The master line can be used to predict the long- term creed behavior and lifetime by extrapolating.
基金funded by the Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center(2022GCZX002)the Key Lab.of Biomass Energy and Material,Jiangsu Province(Grant No.JSBEM-S-202305).
文摘Plasticizers are essential additives in the processing of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),with phthalate plasticizers being widely used.However,these conventional plasticizers have been shown to be harmful to human health and environmentally unfriendly,necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly bio-based alternatives.In this study,Camellia oleifera seed oil,a specialty resource in China,was utilized as a raw material and reacted with 4,4′-Methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline)(AG-80)to synthesize Phenyl Camellia seed Oil Ester(PCSOE).PCSOE was employed as a plasticizer to prepare modified PVC films with varying concentrations,with the conventional plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP)serving as a control.Experimental results demonstrate that PSCOE-plasticized PVC films exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity,tensile strength,and thermal stability compared to DOP-modified PVC films.The contact angle of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 66.26°to 78.48°,which is generally lower than the contact angle of DOP-modified PVC films at 78.40°,indicating improved hydrophilicity due to the modification with PCSOE.The tensile strength of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 17.73 to 20.17 MPa,all surpassing the value of 16.41 MPa for DOP-modified PVC films.Moreover,the temperatures corresponding to 5%,10%,and 50%weight loss for PVC samples modified with PCSOE are higher than those for DOP.Hence,PCSOE presents a viable alternative to DOP as a plasticizer for PVC materials.
