With the exponential development in wearable electronics,a significant paradigm shift is observed from rigid electronics to flexible wearable devices.Polyaniline(PANI)is considered as a dominant material in this secto...With the exponential development in wearable electronics,a significant paradigm shift is observed from rigid electronics to flexible wearable devices.Polyaniline(PANI)is considered as a dominant material in this sector,as it is endowed with the optical properties of both metal and semiconductors.However,its widespread application got delineated because of its irregular rigid form,level of conductivity,and precise choice of solvents.Incorporating PANI in textile materials can generate promising functionality for wearable applications.This research work employed a straightforward in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization to synthesize PANI on Cotton fabric surfaces with varying dopant(HCl)concentrations.Pre-treatment using NaOH is implemented to improve the conductivity of the fabric surface by increasing the monomer absorption.This research explores the morphological and structural analysis employing SEM,FTIR and EDX.The surface resistivity was measured using a digital multimeter,and thermal stability is measured using TGA.Upon successful polymerization,a homogenous coating layer is observed.It is revealed that the simple pre-treatment technique significantly reduces the surface resistivity of Cotton fabric to 1.27 kΩ/cm with increasing acid concentration and thermal stability.The electro-thermal energy can also reach up to 38.2°C within 50 s with a deployed voltage of 15 V.The modified fabric is anticipated to be used in thermal regulation,supercapacitor,sensor,UV shielding,antimicrobial and other prospective functional applications.展开更多
Two-dimensional materials have been proved to be effective in improving the performance of anticorrosive coatings.However,most of the reported two-dimensional materials only have the ability to passively block corrosi...Two-dimensional materials have been proved to be effective in improving the performance of anticorrosive coatings.However,most of the reported two-dimensional materials only have the ability to passively block corrosive media and cannot effectively inhibit localized corrosion reactions at the metal/coating interface.Herein,we first synthesized a novel polyaniline(PANI)nanosheet with both barrier and passivation functions for metals.In addition,polydopamine(PDA)wrapped PANI nanosheets(PANI@PDA)were obtained by in situ self-polymerization reaction of dopamine on the PANI surface,which enhance its interfacial interaction with polymeric resin.The chemical structure,morphology and corrosion inhibition properties of the nanosheets were systematically analyzed.The incorporated PANI@PDA nanosheets in composite coating provide a longer penetration path for corrosive mediums.Secondly,the uniformly dispersed two-dimensional nanosheets induce the formation of passivation film on the metal substrate.The protective effect of PANI@PDA nanosheets on coatings was verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Results indicated that the prepared composite coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance throughout the test cycle.This simple and effective modification strategy based on conductive polymers provides a new insight into the development of environmentally adaptive composite coatings with active and passive protection.展开更多
The fabrication of graphene-based microwave absorbing materials with low density,small filling ratio,broad bandwidth and strong absorption remains a huge challenge.In this work,nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/ma...The fabrication of graphene-based microwave absorbing materials with low density,small filling ratio,broad bandwidth and strong absorption remains a huge challenge.In this work,nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/magnesium ferrite/polyaniline(NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)/PANI)composite aerogel was synthesized by a three-step method of solvothermal reaction,in situ chemical oxidation polymerization and hydrothermal self-assembly.The results showed that the obtained aerogels had a unique three-dimensional(3D)porous network structure and low bulk density(11.1-13.0 mg cm^(−3)).It was worth noting that in the NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)/PANI ternary composite aerogel,MgFe_(2)O_(4)coated with a thin PANI layer was anchored on the surface of NRGO sheets.Furthermore,the NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)/PANI ternary composite aerogel showed much better microwave absorbing capacity compared with pure NRGO aerogel and NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)binary composite aerogel.When the filling ratio was as low as 11.5 wt.%,the obtained ternary composite aerogel exhibited the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.0 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.1 mm,and the minimum reflection loss of-42.9 dB at a thickness of 3.57 mm.Additionally,the prob-able microwave dissipation mechanism was also elucidated.It was believed that this study would pave the way for the construction of 3D graphene-based composites as lightweight,broadband and efficient microwave absorbents.展开更多
The search for new green and efficient stabilizers is of great importance for the stabilization of nitrocellulose(NC). This is due to the shortcomings of traditional stabilizers, such as high toxicity. In this study, ...The search for new green and efficient stabilizers is of great importance for the stabilization of nitrocellulose(NC). This is due to the shortcomings of traditional stabilizers, such as high toxicity. In this study, reduced polyaniline(r-PANI), which has a similar functional structure to diphenylamine(DPA) but is non-toxic, was prepared from PANI based on the action with N_(2)H_(4) and NH_(3)-H_(2)O, and used for the first time as a potential stabilizer for NC. XPS, FTIR, Raman, and SEM were used to characterize the reduced chemical structure and surface morphology of r-PANI. In addition, the effect of r-PANI on the stabilization of NC was characterized using DSC, VST, isothermal TG, and MMC. Thermal weight loss was reduced by 83% and 68% and gas pressure release by 75% and 49% compared to pure NC and NC&3%DPA, respectively.FTIR and XPS were used to characterize the structural changes of r-PANI before and after reaction with NO_(2). The 1535 cm^(-1) and 1341 cm^(-1) of the FTIR and the 404.98 eV and 406.05 eV of the XPS showed that the -NO_(2) was generated by the absorption of NO_(2). Furthermore, the quantum chemical calculation showed that NO_(2) was directly immobilized on r-PANI by forming -NO_(2) in the neighboring position of the benzene ring.展开更多
To enhance the thermoelectric effect of cement-based materials,conductive polyaniline(PANI)modified MnO_(2)powder was synthesized and used as a thermoelectric component in the cement composites.The nanostructured PANI...To enhance the thermoelectric effect of cement-based materials,conductive polyaniline(PANI)modified MnO_(2)powder was synthesized and used as a thermoelectric component in the cement composites.The nanostructured PANI was deposited on the surface of the nanorod-shapedα-MnO_(2)particle and the weight ratio of PANI to MnO_(2)was 22.3:77.7 in the composite.The synthesized PANI/MnO_(2)composite was nanostructured according to the SEM image.The test results of the thermoelectric properties proved that the PANI/MnO_(2)composite was effective as the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity values of the cement composites with PANI/MnO_(2)inside were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those of pure cement paste and the thermal conductivity values of these cement samples were similar.The obtained maximum figure of merit(ZT)value(2.75×10^(-3))was much larger than that of conductive materials reinforced cement-based composites.The thermoelectric effect of cement composites is mainly enhanced by the increased Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity in this work.展开更多
Heterojunctions between polyaniline (PANI) and n-type porous silicon (PS), Al/PS-PANI/Au cell, were fabricated, and the rectifying parameters of this heterojunction diode were measured as a function of the preparation...Heterojunctions between polyaniline (PANI) and n-type porous silicon (PS), Al/PS-PANI/Au cell, were fabricated, and the rectifying parameters of this heterojunction diode were measured as a function of the preparation conditions of PANI and PS, the electronic structure of PANI as well as cell structure. The rectifying parameters of Al/PS-PANI/Au cell were determined to be gamma = 1.8x10(1) similar to 1.0x10(5) for the rectifying ratio at 3V, n = 3 similar to 12 for the ideal factor, j(0) = 8.0x10(-5) similar to 5.6x10(-2) mA/cm(2) for the reversed saturated current density, and phi(0) = 0.67 similar to 0.83 V for the barrier height, respectively. The best rectifying heterojunction diode made between PANI and n-type PS with higher rectifying factor (gamma = 1.0x10(5) at 3V), output current (>1500 mA/cm(2) at 3V) and lower ideal factor (n = 3.3) was obtained by preventing the oxidation of PS before evaporating Al electrode.展开更多
In this investigation,the structural and electrical properties of nanocomposites of polyaniline(PANI) and cobalt ferrite synthesized by hydrothermal route are reported for the first time(with weight ratios of CoFe_2O_...In this investigation,the structural and electrical properties of nanocomposites of polyaniline(PANI) and cobalt ferrite synthesized by hydrothermal route are reported for the first time(with weight ratios of CoFe_2O_4/PANI 1:2 and 2:1).Synthesized nanomaterials have been characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM and TEM techniques.FT-IR results confirm the presence of CoFe_2O_4 and PANI in the samples.Their detailed conductivity measurements have been investigated.It has been found that PANI has a more effective conducting mechanism in CoFe_2O_4-PANI composites.These results are also consistent with the change in AC conductivity orders in composites.展开更多
MIL-53(Fe)/polyaniline(PANI) composite was prepared by in situ depositing PANI on the surface of MIL-53(Fe) and their catalytic performances on the simultaneous removal of Rh B and Cr(Ⅵ) were investigated. The elimin...MIL-53(Fe)/polyaniline(PANI) composite was prepared by in situ depositing PANI on the surface of MIL-53(Fe) and their catalytic performances on the simultaneous removal of Rh B and Cr(Ⅵ) were investigated. The elimination efficiency of both RhB and Cr(Ⅵ) reached more than 98% under pH = 2 where hydrochloric acid and citric acid were used to adjust the pH. The results indicated that MIL-53(Fe)/PANI revealed an obvious pH response to the degradation of RhB, while citric acid promoted the Cr(Ⅵ)photoreduction. UV–Vis spectra, EIS, and photocurrent response experiments showed that MIL-53(Fe)/PANI had a better light response and carrier migration ability than MIL-53(Fe). The transient absorption spectra also exhibited that the lifetimes of photo-generated carriers were prolonged after the conductive polymer deposition on the MIL-53(Fe) surface. Scavenger experiments demonstrated that the main active species were·O;-and·OH. Combined with activity evaluation results, and the possible photocatalytic mechanism of MIL-53(Fe)/PANI on RhB oxidation and Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was proposed. The addition of conductive polymer can effectively improve the light response of the catalyst under acidic conditions, and meanwhile citric acid also provided a new mediation for the synergistic degradation of multiple pollutants. Good activity and stability of the catalysts made the scale-up purification of acid water feasible under UV–Vis light.展开更多
This study evaluates the impact of the Pani Panchayat initiative, a community-based water management program, in the Angul and Dhenkanal districts of Odisha. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we gathered qualitative...This study evaluates the impact of the Pani Panchayat initiative, a community-based water management program, in the Angul and Dhenkanal districts of Odisha. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we gathered qualitative and quantitative data through structured interviews with diverse stakeholders, focus group discussions, and surveys. The findings indicate that the Angul district exhibited higher levels of fair elections and improved water access due to better canal maintenance, while the Dhenkanal district faced challenges from industrial water usage. The study also examines the potential of technological advancements, such as real-time water monitoring, to enhance governance. By identifying synergies and gaps with existing water policies, the research provides policy recommendations to promote sustainable water management in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030.展开更多
An effect of heating and stirring in a facile wet chemical route to synthesize entangled nanofibrous mesh of doped polyaniline(PANI) was reported. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of PANI nano-fib...An effect of heating and stirring in a facile wet chemical route to synthesize entangled nanofibrous mesh of doped polyaniline(PANI) was reported. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of PANI nano-fibers were found to be dependent on synthesis temperature and stirring. The XRD analysis confirms nano PANI formation with 2θ peaks around 15°, 21°, and 25° for(011),(020), and(200) crystal planes, respectively. The average crystallite size varies between 25 nm to 60 nm due to change in synthesis conditions. The SEM analysis reveals the clustered granule formation for PANI sample synthesized at 28 and 60 ℃ under continuous stirring, whereas, unstirred synthesis at 60 ℃ shows entangled nano-fibrous mesh morphology. The TGA study shows better thermal stability for PANI mesh over granular PANI. The FTIR spectra validates the emeraldine salt PANI formation with peaks corresponding to C-H, C-N, N=Q=N, N=B=N, and N-H vibration bands. The UV-Vis analysis shows the major absorbance peaks around λ: 340 nm(π-π* transition of benzenoid ring), and λ: 800 nm(π-π*, polaron-π*, π-polaron transitions). The dense entangled nano-fibrous coating of PANI synthesized at 60 ℃ without stirring shows highest electrical conductivity of 3.79 S·cm^-1.展开更多
A novel mediatorless reusable glucose biosensor with a remarkable shelf life has been fabricated on electrodeposited film of chemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline (NSPANI) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated ...A novel mediatorless reusable glucose biosensor with a remarkable shelf life has been fabricated on electrodeposited film of chemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline (NSPANI) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates using cyclic voltammetry. Glucose oxidase has been covalently immobilized on electrodeposited NSPANI film to fabricate a glucose bioelectrode (GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO). The results of linear sweep voltammetry and the high value of heterogeneous rate constant as obtained using Laviron equation indicates that GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO bioelectrode can detect glucose in the range of 0.5 to 10.00 mM with high sensitivity of 13.9 μA?mM?1 with a fast response time of 12 seconds. The linear regression analysis of bioelectrode reveals standard deviation and correlation coefficient of 6 μA and 0.994, respectively. The low value of Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) estimated as 0.28 mM using Lineweaver-Burke plot indicates high affinity of glucose oxidase enzyme to glucose and transfer rate. The GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO bioelectrode exhibits uniform activity for 12 weeks under refrigerated conditions;however the study is further going on. Attempts have been made to utilize this electrode for estimation of glucose in blood serum and results are found to be within 11% error. The unique features of this novel electrode lie on its reusability, real time monitoring, reproducibility and remarkable shelf life apart from the wide linear range, high sensitivity, low Km value, high heterogeneous electron-transfer constant etc.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the International Publication Research Grant No.RDU223301 and Postgraduate Research Grant Scheme,UMP,Malaysia(PGRS210370).
文摘With the exponential development in wearable electronics,a significant paradigm shift is observed from rigid electronics to flexible wearable devices.Polyaniline(PANI)is considered as a dominant material in this sector,as it is endowed with the optical properties of both metal and semiconductors.However,its widespread application got delineated because of its irregular rigid form,level of conductivity,and precise choice of solvents.Incorporating PANI in textile materials can generate promising functionality for wearable applications.This research work employed a straightforward in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization to synthesize PANI on Cotton fabric surfaces with varying dopant(HCl)concentrations.Pre-treatment using NaOH is implemented to improve the conductivity of the fabric surface by increasing the monomer absorption.This research explores the morphological and structural analysis employing SEM,FTIR and EDX.The surface resistivity was measured using a digital multimeter,and thermal stability is measured using TGA.Upon successful polymerization,a homogenous coating layer is observed.It is revealed that the simple pre-treatment technique significantly reduces the surface resistivity of Cotton fabric to 1.27 kΩ/cm with increasing acid concentration and thermal stability.The electro-thermal energy can also reach up to 38.2°C within 50 s with a deployed voltage of 15 V.The modified fabric is anticipated to be used in thermal regulation,supercapacitor,sensor,UV shielding,antimicrobial and other prospective functional applications.
基金fundings from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51971121 and 52002228)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(CN)(No.U2106216)the Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.22-3-3-hygg-27-hy).
文摘Two-dimensional materials have been proved to be effective in improving the performance of anticorrosive coatings.However,most of the reported two-dimensional materials only have the ability to passively block corrosive media and cannot effectively inhibit localized corrosion reactions at the metal/coating interface.Herein,we first synthesized a novel polyaniline(PANI)nanosheet with both barrier and passivation functions for metals.In addition,polydopamine(PDA)wrapped PANI nanosheets(PANI@PDA)were obtained by in situ self-polymerization reaction of dopamine on the PANI surface,which enhance its interfacial interaction with polymeric resin.The chemical structure,morphology and corrosion inhibition properties of the nanosheets were systematically analyzed.The incorporated PANI@PDA nanosheets in composite coating provide a longer penetration path for corrosive mediums.Secondly,the uniformly dispersed two-dimensional nanosheets induce the formation of passivation film on the metal substrate.The protective effect of PANI@PDA nanosheets on coatings was verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Results indicated that the prepared composite coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance throughout the test cycle.This simple and effective modification strategy based on conductive polymers provides a new insight into the development of environmentally adaptive composite coatings with active and passive protection.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.KJ2021ZD0047)the Joint National-Local Engineering Research Center for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Fund(No.EC2022020)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2008085J27).
文摘The fabrication of graphene-based microwave absorbing materials with low density,small filling ratio,broad bandwidth and strong absorption remains a huge challenge.In this work,nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/magnesium ferrite/polyaniline(NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)/PANI)composite aerogel was synthesized by a three-step method of solvothermal reaction,in situ chemical oxidation polymerization and hydrothermal self-assembly.The results showed that the obtained aerogels had a unique three-dimensional(3D)porous network structure and low bulk density(11.1-13.0 mg cm^(−3)).It was worth noting that in the NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)/PANI ternary composite aerogel,MgFe_(2)O_(4)coated with a thin PANI layer was anchored on the surface of NRGO sheets.Furthermore,the NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)/PANI ternary composite aerogel showed much better microwave absorbing capacity compared with pure NRGO aerogel and NRGO/MgFe_(2)O_(4)binary composite aerogel.When the filling ratio was as low as 11.5 wt.%,the obtained ternary composite aerogel exhibited the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.0 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.1 mm,and the minimum reflection loss of-42.9 dB at a thickness of 3.57 mm.Additionally,the prob-able microwave dissipation mechanism was also elucidated.It was believed that this study would pave the way for the construction of 3D graphene-based composites as lightweight,broadband and efficient microwave absorbents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22305123)。
文摘The search for new green and efficient stabilizers is of great importance for the stabilization of nitrocellulose(NC). This is due to the shortcomings of traditional stabilizers, such as high toxicity. In this study, reduced polyaniline(r-PANI), which has a similar functional structure to diphenylamine(DPA) but is non-toxic, was prepared from PANI based on the action with N_(2)H_(4) and NH_(3)-H_(2)O, and used for the first time as a potential stabilizer for NC. XPS, FTIR, Raman, and SEM were used to characterize the reduced chemical structure and surface morphology of r-PANI. In addition, the effect of r-PANI on the stabilization of NC was characterized using DSC, VST, isothermal TG, and MMC. Thermal weight loss was reduced by 83% and 68% and gas pressure release by 75% and 49% compared to pure NC and NC&3%DPA, respectively.FTIR and XPS were used to characterize the structural changes of r-PANI before and after reaction with NO_(2). The 1535 cm^(-1) and 1341 cm^(-1) of the FTIR and the 404.98 eV and 406.05 eV of the XPS showed that the -NO_(2) was generated by the absorption of NO_(2). Furthermore, the quantum chemical calculation showed that NO_(2) was directly immobilized on r-PANI by forming -NO_(2) in the neighboring position of the benzene ring.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51525903,51808369 and 52078247)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.20KJB560005)the Science Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(No.YKJ201929)。
文摘To enhance the thermoelectric effect of cement-based materials,conductive polyaniline(PANI)modified MnO_(2)powder was synthesized and used as a thermoelectric component in the cement composites.The nanostructured PANI was deposited on the surface of the nanorod-shapedα-MnO_(2)particle and the weight ratio of PANI to MnO_(2)was 22.3:77.7 in the composite.The synthesized PANI/MnO_(2)composite was nanostructured according to the SEM image.The test results of the thermoelectric properties proved that the PANI/MnO_(2)composite was effective as the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity values of the cement composites with PANI/MnO_(2)inside were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those of pure cement paste and the thermal conductivity values of these cement samples were similar.The obtained maximum figure of merit(ZT)value(2.75×10^(-3))was much larger than that of conductive materials reinforced cement-based composites.The thermoelectric effect of cement composites is mainly enhanced by the increased Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity in this work.
基金The project was supported by the Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Heterojunctions between polyaniline (PANI) and n-type porous silicon (PS), Al/PS-PANI/Au cell, were fabricated, and the rectifying parameters of this heterojunction diode were measured as a function of the preparation conditions of PANI and PS, the electronic structure of PANI as well as cell structure. The rectifying parameters of Al/PS-PANI/Au cell were determined to be gamma = 1.8x10(1) similar to 1.0x10(5) for the rectifying ratio at 3V, n = 3 similar to 12 for the ideal factor, j(0) = 8.0x10(-5) similar to 5.6x10(-2) mA/cm(2) for the reversed saturated current density, and phi(0) = 0.67 similar to 0.83 V for the barrier height, respectively. The best rectifying heterojunction diode made between PANI and n-type PS with higher rectifying factor (gamma = 1.0x10(5) at 3V), output current (>1500 mA/cm(2) at 3V) and lower ideal factor (n = 3.3) was obtained by preventing the oxidation of PS before evaporating Al electrode.
基金the Fatih University,Research Project Foundation (Contract No.P50020902-2)TUBITAK (Contract No.110T487) for financial support of this study
文摘In this investigation,the structural and electrical properties of nanocomposites of polyaniline(PANI) and cobalt ferrite synthesized by hydrothermal route are reported for the first time(with weight ratios of CoFe_2O_4/PANI 1:2 and 2:1).Synthesized nanomaterials have been characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM and TEM techniques.FT-IR results confirm the presence of CoFe_2O_4 and PANI in the samples.Their detailed conductivity measurements have been investigated.It has been found that PANI has a more effective conducting mechanism in CoFe_2O_4-PANI composites.These results are also consistent with the change in AC conductivity orders in composites.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21908018 and 22078174)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong (No. 2017GSF217008)Qi Lu Young Scholar Start-up Foundation of Shandong University
文摘MIL-53(Fe)/polyaniline(PANI) composite was prepared by in situ depositing PANI on the surface of MIL-53(Fe) and their catalytic performances on the simultaneous removal of Rh B and Cr(Ⅵ) were investigated. The elimination efficiency of both RhB and Cr(Ⅵ) reached more than 98% under pH = 2 where hydrochloric acid and citric acid were used to adjust the pH. The results indicated that MIL-53(Fe)/PANI revealed an obvious pH response to the degradation of RhB, while citric acid promoted the Cr(Ⅵ)photoreduction. UV–Vis spectra, EIS, and photocurrent response experiments showed that MIL-53(Fe)/PANI had a better light response and carrier migration ability than MIL-53(Fe). The transient absorption spectra also exhibited that the lifetimes of photo-generated carriers were prolonged after the conductive polymer deposition on the MIL-53(Fe) surface. Scavenger experiments demonstrated that the main active species were·O;-and·OH. Combined with activity evaluation results, and the possible photocatalytic mechanism of MIL-53(Fe)/PANI on RhB oxidation and Cr(Ⅵ) reduction was proposed. The addition of conductive polymer can effectively improve the light response of the catalyst under acidic conditions, and meanwhile citric acid also provided a new mediation for the synergistic degradation of multiple pollutants. Good activity and stability of the catalysts made the scale-up purification of acid water feasible under UV–Vis light.
文摘This study evaluates the impact of the Pani Panchayat initiative, a community-based water management program, in the Angul and Dhenkanal districts of Odisha. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we gathered qualitative and quantitative data through structured interviews with diverse stakeholders, focus group discussions, and surveys. The findings indicate that the Angul district exhibited higher levels of fair elections and improved water access due to better canal maintenance, while the Dhenkanal district faced challenges from industrial water usage. The study also examines the potential of technological advancements, such as real-time water monitoring, to enhance governance. By identifying synergies and gaps with existing water policies, the research provides policy recommendations to promote sustainable water management in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030.
文摘An effect of heating and stirring in a facile wet chemical route to synthesize entangled nanofibrous mesh of doped polyaniline(PANI) was reported. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of PANI nano-fibers were found to be dependent on synthesis temperature and stirring. The XRD analysis confirms nano PANI formation with 2θ peaks around 15°, 21°, and 25° for(011),(020), and(200) crystal planes, respectively. The average crystallite size varies between 25 nm to 60 nm due to change in synthesis conditions. The SEM analysis reveals the clustered granule formation for PANI sample synthesized at 28 and 60 ℃ under continuous stirring, whereas, unstirred synthesis at 60 ℃ shows entangled nano-fibrous mesh morphology. The TGA study shows better thermal stability for PANI mesh over granular PANI. The FTIR spectra validates the emeraldine salt PANI formation with peaks corresponding to C-H, C-N, N=Q=N, N=B=N, and N-H vibration bands. The UV-Vis analysis shows the major absorbance peaks around λ: 340 nm(π-π* transition of benzenoid ring), and λ: 800 nm(π-π*, polaron-π*, π-polaron transitions). The dense entangled nano-fibrous coating of PANI synthesized at 60 ℃ without stirring shows highest electrical conductivity of 3.79 S·cm^-1.
文摘A novel mediatorless reusable glucose biosensor with a remarkable shelf life has been fabricated on electrodeposited film of chemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline (NSPANI) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates using cyclic voltammetry. Glucose oxidase has been covalently immobilized on electrodeposited NSPANI film to fabricate a glucose bioelectrode (GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO). The results of linear sweep voltammetry and the high value of heterogeneous rate constant as obtained using Laviron equation indicates that GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO bioelectrode can detect glucose in the range of 0.5 to 10.00 mM with high sensitivity of 13.9 μA?mM?1 with a fast response time of 12 seconds. The linear regression analysis of bioelectrode reveals standard deviation and correlation coefficient of 6 μA and 0.994, respectively. The low value of Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) estimated as 0.28 mM using Lineweaver-Burke plot indicates high affinity of glucose oxidase enzyme to glucose and transfer rate. The GOx/NSPANI-SDS/ITO bioelectrode exhibits uniform activity for 12 weeks under refrigerated conditions;however the study is further going on. Attempts have been made to utilize this electrode for estimation of glucose in blood serum and results are found to be within 11% error. The unique features of this novel electrode lie on its reusability, real time monitoring, reproducibility and remarkable shelf life apart from the wide linear range, high sensitivity, low Km value, high heterogeneous electron-transfer constant etc.
