Multiscale Characteristics and Connection Mechanisms of Attraction Networks:A Trajectory Data Mining Approach Leveraging Geotagged Data

Urban tourism is considered a complex system,and multiscale exploration of the organizational patterns of attraction networks has become a topical issue in urban tourism,so exploring the multiscale characteristics and connection mechanisms of attraction networks is important for understanding the linkages between attractions and even the future destination planning.This paper uses geotagging data to compare the links between attractions in Beijing,China during four different periods:the pre-Olympic period(2004–2007),the Olympic Games and subsequent‘heat period’(2008–2013),the post-Olympic period(2014–2019),and the COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019)pandemic period(2020–2021).The aim is to better understand the evolution and patterns of attraction networks at different scales in Beijing and to provide insights for tourism planning in the destination.The results show that the macro,meso-,and microscales network characteristics of attraction networks have inherent logical relationships that can explain the commonalities and differences in the development process of tourism networks.The macroscale attraction network degree Matthew effect is significant in the four different periods and exhibits a morphological monocentric structure,suggesting that new entrants are more likely to be associated with attractions that already have high value.The mesoscale links attractions according to the common purpose of tourists,and the results of the community segmentation of the attraction networks in the four different periods suggest that the functional polycentric structure describes their clustering effect,and the weak links between clusters result from attractions bound by incomplete information and distance,and the functional polycentric structure with a generally more efficient network of clusters.The pattern structure at the microscale reveals the topological transformation relationship of the regional collaboration pattern,and the attraction network structure in the four different periods has a very similar importance profile structure suggesting that the attraction network has the same construction rules and evolution mechanism,which aids in understanding the attraction network pattern at both macro and micro scales.Important approaches and practical implications for planners and managers are presented.

Differentiated effects of morphological and functional polycentricurban spatial structure on carbon emissions in China: an empiricalanalysis from remotely sensed nighttime light approach

Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental sustainability to achieve‘double carbon’goals in China can be strengthened by evaluating the environmental effect of urban spatial structure(US).However,there have been few studies that consider the differentiated effects of polycentric US(PUS)on carbon emissions from both functional and morphological perspectives simultaneously.Thus,taking China’s 31 provinces as experimental subjects,our study developed a novel framework with remotely sensed nighttime light(NTL)data to quantify morphological PUS(MPUS)and functional PUS(FPUS)from 2000 to 2019.Then,from these two dimensions,differentiated effects of PUS on carbon emissions were further examined.Results indicated that NTL data presented high potential in quantifying MPUS and FPUS.The effect of FPUS on carbon emission-cutting outperformed that of MPUS.In addition,the spillover effect effectively enhanced the decreasing effect of the FPUS on carbon emissions.Our empiricalfindings can provide guidance for the government in developing strategies for reducing carbon emissions and optimizing USs.

Understanding spatial structures and organizational patterns of city networks in China: A highway passenger flow perspective

The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, and are of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at the regional scale. Therefore, based on highway passenger flow data between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper attempted to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of city networks in China, and to further explore the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen our understanding of city network structures and to provide new cognitive perspectives for ongoing research. The research results lead to four key conclusions. First, city networks that are based on highway flows exhibit strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, to a large extent spatially coupled with the distributions of major megaregions in China. These phenomena are a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scales as well as core-periphery structure. Second, 19 communities that belong to an important type of spatial configuration are identified through community detection algorithm, and we suggest they are correspondingly urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors include the administrative region economy, spatial spillover effects of megaregions, and core-periphery structure. Third, each community possesses a specific city network system and exhibits strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged as the result of multi-level, dynamic, and networked characteristics. Fourth, adopting a morphology-based perspective, the regional city network systems can be basically divided into monocentric, dual-nuclei, polycentric, and low-level equilibration spatial structures, while most are developing monocentrically.

世界基督教历史的多中心结构

作为世界宗教的基督教和作为学科的教会史基督教是世界性宗教,但作为学科的教会史却停滞不前。在德语学术界内,基督教新教神学系研究教会史始终注目在古代地理范围内。1900年代,全球基督徒中大约有82%生活在北半球,而1980年以来,基督徒中的大多数则生活在所谓的'全球南方'即亚非拉美第三世界国家。2007年,约65%的基督徒生活在第三世界国家,而且还在增长。因而,从全球来看,基督徒并没有在萎缩,像我们在世俗化的欧洲正普遍经历着的人口重心和增长区域已转移至南半球,普世运动讨论中以'重心转移'来命名。教会史学科对其中有些戏剧性的变化有所选择地回应过,身为教会史学者。