Ultrastructure Developments During Spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata(Annelida: Spionidae),a Parasite of Mollusca

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.

合浦珠母贝家系间生长性状和感染多毛类寄生病的比较分析

对合浦珠母贝12个全同胞家系的生长性状和才女虫寄生病的感染情况进行比较分析,结果显示:筛选出的快速生长家系F10、F11、F3和F12与生长最慢的家系F7相比,壳高分别大16.01%、14.93%、10.51%和10.16%,体质量分别重35.72%、28.02%、25.98%和17.61%。筛选出的抗病家系F8、F9、F11和F10,其才女虫寄生病的总感染率与感染最高的家系F3相比,分别降低了48%、34%、27%和23%,表明这4个家系初步提高了合浦珠母贝抗才女虫寄生病的能力。筛选出的快速生长家系和抗病家系可作为选育的核心育种家系,为培育生长速度快和抗才女虫寄生病的合浦珠母贝新品系奠定良好的基础。

凿贝才女虫发育阶段的形态观察

对寄生在九孔鲍 (HaliotisdiversicoloraquatilisReeve)贝壳上的凿贝才女虫 (Polydoraciliata)进行了观察 ,将其发育过程分为卵、胚胎、幼虫和成虫 4个阶段 ,并对这 4个阶段的形态结构进行了描述和讨论。由于凿贝才女虫寄生 ,九孔鲍贝壳内侧形成弯曲的管道和隆起 ,其外套膜被破坏 ,严重影响了九孔鲍生长 ,甚至导致其死亡。

不同壳色合浦珠母贝生产性能评估及其雌雄群体间的差异

【目的】综合评价不同壳色合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)雌雄群体的生产性能,为其良种选育及优质珍珠养殖提供理论指导。【方法】对4种壳色(金壳色、红壳色、黑壳色和白壳色)选育系及常规壳色合浦珠母贝雌雄群体间的数量性状(湿重、壳重、软体重、闭壳肌重、壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长和闭壳肌拉力)和才女虫(Polydora ciliata)感染情况进行系统分析,综合评价其生产性能及雌雄群体间的差异。【结果】除闭壳肌拉力外,4种壳色选育系的数量性状均显著优于常规壳色合浦珠母贝(P<0.05),其中,红壳色选育系可作为以湿重、壳重、软体重、闭壳肌重、壳长、壳高和铰合线长为选育目标的最优选育群体,白壳色选育系可作为以闭壳肌拉力和壳宽为选育目标的最佳选育群体。4种壳色选育系的才女虫感染率均明显高于常规壳色合浦珠母贝,且以红壳色选育系的感染率最高、白壳色选育系的感染率最低。5种壳色合浦珠母贝间的性别分化存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中,白壳色选育系和金壳色选育系为偏雄群体,红壳色选育系为偏雌群体。雌性合浦珠母贝通常比雄性合浦珠母贝大,但其闭壳肌拉力和抗才女虫感染能力与性别无关。【结论】白壳色选育系和金壳色选育系的综合育种价值较红壳色选育系、黑壳色选育系及常规壳色合浦珠母贝高,建议在今后的合浦珠母贝选育工作中,可根据需求加强对白壳色选育系和金壳色选育系的优化选育,并应用到优质珍珠生产中。

凿贝才女虫形态与结构观察

应用石蜡切片和电镜技术对凿贝才女虫(Polydora ciliata)的形态结构进行了详细观察,以期为多毛类分类学积累更多资料。结果显示凿贝才女虫背刚毛、腹刚毛和疣足上的刚毛围绕身体形成一个刚毛环;第五刚节刚毛变形,形成爪状结构。体表有大量腺细胞。身体结构相对简单,主要由表皮、肌肉层、消化系统组成。肌肉层发达,每一体节具一对疣足,疣足上生有刚毛,运动能力比较强。