Several works have been based on the study of thermal variations in biomass to derive more valuable products such as fuels capable of replacing oil in the event of a crisis or activated carbon used as an adsorbent mat...Several works have been based on the study of thermal variations in biomass to derive more valuable products such as fuels capable of replacing oil in the event of a crisis or activated carbon used as an adsorbent material, widely used in industry for the elimination of unwanted materials, both in liquid and gaseous environments. A study of thermal parameters such as: heating speed, retention time, drying temperature, carbonization temperature, particle size, was carried out with the aim of determining the characteristic factors of the carbonization of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), sawdust (SC) and sawdust/polyethylene terephthalate (CPS) mixture. The results of the immediate analysis revealed a very low level of ash in PET (0.013%) compared to the level of ash in sawdust (2.9%), as well as a high level of fixed carbon (82.960%), which suggests the presence of mineral oxides and a significant carbon matrix unlike PET, which indicates a very significant organic matrix (essentially made up of organic matter) with the absence of mineral oxides. The study of thermal parameters showed the water loss from Sawdust (SC) and the Sawdust/Polyethylene terephthalate (CPS) mixture, an increase with temperature, unlike that of PET whose variation is essentially zero. Without heat treatment, sawdust alone contains approximately 7% water. The optimal drying temperature for this study is 110˚C for a stay of 24 hours. It appears that the largest mass losses for the PET samples are between 87.19% and 96.05%, followed by that of the mixture, between 47.33% and 64.37%. And the lowest are observed, those of sawdust (from 24.02% to 62.6%). However, here we can say that the influence of the mass is not great, given the slight difference between the losses by temperature. The results of the study of the influence of grain size showed that the differences are insignificant, even if we vary the diameter of the grains from simple to triple. To better minimize physical constraints such as the intragranular diffusibility of the volatile matter and the homogeneity of the temperature in the grains, 75 μm particles are found to be optimal for our study. It can be noted when studying the heating rate that the mass loss at the end of the reaction is approximately the same depending on each precursor material. However, it has been demonstrated that the heating rate strongly influences the nature of the reaction products both for volatile materials and for the solid residue as well as on the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction. Furthermore, the variation in apparent density shows a decrease as a function of the increase in the residence time of the materials in the reactor. As the carbonization time increases, the apparent density decreases. We note, for the lignocellulosic material, that the apparent density stabilizes after 60 minutes.展开更多
Synthetic plastics are often considered to be materials that cannot be broken down by natural processes.One such plastic,polyethylene terephthalate(PET),is commonly used in everyday items but when these products are d...Synthetic plastics are often considered to be materials that cannot be broken down by natural processes.One such plastic,polyethylene terephthalate(PET),is commonly used in everyday items but when these products are discarded,they can cause serious harm to the environment and human health.In this study,PET plastic waste was used to create activated carbon using a physical activation process that involved using CO2 gas.The researchers investigated the effects of different temperatures,carbonization,and activation times on the resulting activated carbon’s surface area.The activated carbon was then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),FTIR,and BET.The activated carbon created from PET plastic waste showed excellent absorption properties for methylene blue in aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH levels.By creating activated carbon from plastic waste,not only are environmental issues addressed,but high-value activated carbon is produced for environmental remediation purposes.展开更多
基于Web of Science核心数据库,借助文献分析软件CiteSpace对1953—2023年的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)结晶研究成果进行了可视化分析,分析了作者、国家、机构、关键词等合作网络,揭示了PET结晶研究的知识结构和发展演变。结果表明:PET...基于Web of Science核心数据库,借助文献分析软件CiteSpace对1953—2023年的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)结晶研究成果进行了可视化分析,分析了作者、国家、机构、关键词等合作网络,揭示了PET结晶研究的知识结构和发展演变。结果表明:PET结晶研究当前已进入相对稳定阶段,但合作网络整体比较分散,美国、中国是研究的中坚力量,中国科学院是影响力最大的研究机构;早期的研究偏向PET基础性能分析,后期的研究偏向PET的功能化制备;PET的相结构、解聚、表征方法等是PET结晶研究的主要内容。展开更多
An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation(CTRN) process of ilmenite(FeTiO_3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H_2–N_2 atmosphere...An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation(CTRN) process of ilmenite(FeTiO_3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H_2–N_2 atmosphere was proposed. The use of PET as an alternative source of carbon not only enhances the porosity of the pellets but also results in the separation of Fe from titanium oxycarbonitride(TiOxCyNz) particles because of the differences in surface tension. The experiments were carried out at 1250°C for 3 h using four different PET contents ranging from 25wt% to 100wt% in the reductant. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and LECO elemental analysis were used to study the phases and microstructures of the reduced samples. In the case of 75wt% PET,iron distinctly separated from the synthesized Ti OxCyNz phase. With increasing PET content in the sample,the reduction and nitridation rates substantially increased. The synthesis of an oxycarbonitride with stoichiometry of TiO_(0.02)C_(0.13)N_(0.85) with minimal intermediate titanium sub-oxides was achieved. The results also showed that the iron particles formed from CTRN of FeTiO_3 exhibited a spherical morphology,which is conducive for Fe removal via the Becher process.展开更多
采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与本征阻燃材料聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)共混、熔融制备PET/PEI合金,基于Materials Studio 7.0软件构建PET/PEI分子模型,进行相结构模拟,研究PET/PEI合金的相容性,并探讨PEI含量对PET/PEI合金力学性能及阻燃性能...采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与本征阻燃材料聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)共混、熔融制备PET/PEI合金,基于Materials Studio 7.0软件构建PET/PEI分子模型,进行相结构模拟,研究PET/PEI合金的相容性,并探讨PEI含量对PET/PEI合金力学性能及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:在任意共混比下PET/PEI合金为互不相容体系,当PEI质量分数为10%时,PET-PEI分子间C—C原子对之间的径向分布函数值为4.09,大于PEI-PEI分子间C—C原子对之间的径向分布函数值,PET/PEI合金相容性相对较好;当PEI质量分数为10%时,PET/PEI合金拉伸强度最高,为47.2 MPa;PET/PEI合金的极限氧指数(LOI)随PEI含量的增加而增大,PEI质量分数为10%时合金的LOI为24.3%,PEI质量分数为15%时合金的LOI为27.0%;PET与PEI相容性不佳,但加入PEI仍能有效改善PET/PEI合金的力学性能和阻燃性能,PEI质量分数为10%时PET/PEI合金相容性较好,力学性能好,同时阻燃性能也得到提升。展开更多
In this work,polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fibers were continuously treated by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) in Ar mixed O2 plasma,and the discharge was characterized by electrical function and optic...In this work,polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fibers were continuously treated by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) in Ar mixed O2 plasma,and the discharge was characterized by electrical function and optical diagnostics.It is found that the interfacial adhesion strength between treated PET fiber and resorcinol formaldehyde latex(RFL)(little)-rubber was improved(about 50%) by the measurement of interfacial shear strength(IFSS) and peel test.The wettability was improved rapidly in the initial treatment time.It is considered that oxidation chemical reaction as the major role of PET fiber surface modification is ahead of the physical etching effect.The high density of atomic oxygen in the plasma by optical emission spectroscopy supports the purpose.According to the scanning electron micrograph(SEM) image in the work,the longer treatment time obviously caused physical etching effect,which shall be less responsible for the improvement of the wettability.展开更多
文摘Several works have been based on the study of thermal variations in biomass to derive more valuable products such as fuels capable of replacing oil in the event of a crisis or activated carbon used as an adsorbent material, widely used in industry for the elimination of unwanted materials, both in liquid and gaseous environments. A study of thermal parameters such as: heating speed, retention time, drying temperature, carbonization temperature, particle size, was carried out with the aim of determining the characteristic factors of the carbonization of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), sawdust (SC) and sawdust/polyethylene terephthalate (CPS) mixture. The results of the immediate analysis revealed a very low level of ash in PET (0.013%) compared to the level of ash in sawdust (2.9%), as well as a high level of fixed carbon (82.960%), which suggests the presence of mineral oxides and a significant carbon matrix unlike PET, which indicates a very significant organic matrix (essentially made up of organic matter) with the absence of mineral oxides. The study of thermal parameters showed the water loss from Sawdust (SC) and the Sawdust/Polyethylene terephthalate (CPS) mixture, an increase with temperature, unlike that of PET whose variation is essentially zero. Without heat treatment, sawdust alone contains approximately 7% water. The optimal drying temperature for this study is 110˚C for a stay of 24 hours. It appears that the largest mass losses for the PET samples are between 87.19% and 96.05%, followed by that of the mixture, between 47.33% and 64.37%. And the lowest are observed, those of sawdust (from 24.02% to 62.6%). However, here we can say that the influence of the mass is not great, given the slight difference between the losses by temperature. The results of the study of the influence of grain size showed that the differences are insignificant, even if we vary the diameter of the grains from simple to triple. To better minimize physical constraints such as the intragranular diffusibility of the volatile matter and the homogeneity of the temperature in the grains, 75 μm particles are found to be optimal for our study. It can be noted when studying the heating rate that the mass loss at the end of the reaction is approximately the same depending on each precursor material. However, it has been demonstrated that the heating rate strongly influences the nature of the reaction products both for volatile materials and for the solid residue as well as on the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction. Furthermore, the variation in apparent density shows a decrease as a function of the increase in the residence time of the materials in the reactor. As the carbonization time increases, the apparent density decreases. We note, for the lignocellulosic material, that the apparent density stabilizes after 60 minutes.
基金The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(No.TNMT.2022.05.04).
文摘Synthetic plastics are often considered to be materials that cannot be broken down by natural processes.One such plastic,polyethylene terephthalate(PET),is commonly used in everyday items but when these products are discarded,they can cause serious harm to the environment and human health.In this study,PET plastic waste was used to create activated carbon using a physical activation process that involved using CO2 gas.The researchers investigated the effects of different temperatures,carbonization,and activation times on the resulting activated carbon’s surface area.The activated carbon was then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),FTIR,and BET.The activated carbon created from PET plastic waste showed excellent absorption properties for methylene blue in aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH levels.By creating activated carbon from plastic waste,not only are environmental issues addressed,but high-value activated carbon is produced for environmental remediation purposes.
文摘基于Web of Science核心数据库,借助文献分析软件CiteSpace对1953—2023年的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)结晶研究成果进行了可视化分析,分析了作者、国家、机构、关键词等合作网络,揭示了PET结晶研究的知识结构和发展演变。结果表明:PET结晶研究当前已进入相对稳定阶段,但合作网络整体比较分散,美国、中国是研究的中坚力量,中国科学院是影响力最大的研究机构;早期的研究偏向PET基础性能分析,后期的研究偏向PET的功能化制备;PET的相结构、解聚、表征方法等是PET结晶研究的主要内容。
基金financial support from Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)Fellowship(APEX 1002/JHEA/ATSG4001)financially supported by USM and Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)of Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(Nos.203/PBAHAN/6071230 and 203/PBAHAN/607126)Research University Grant for Individual(RUI)from USM(No.1001/PBAHAN/814273)
文摘An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation(CTRN) process of ilmenite(FeTiO_3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H_2–N_2 atmosphere was proposed. The use of PET as an alternative source of carbon not only enhances the porosity of the pellets but also results in the separation of Fe from titanium oxycarbonitride(TiOxCyNz) particles because of the differences in surface tension. The experiments were carried out at 1250°C for 3 h using four different PET contents ranging from 25wt% to 100wt% in the reductant. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and LECO elemental analysis were used to study the phases and microstructures of the reduced samples. In the case of 75wt% PET,iron distinctly separated from the synthesized Ti OxCyNz phase. With increasing PET content in the sample,the reduction and nitridation rates substantially increased. The synthesis of an oxycarbonitride with stoichiometry of TiO_(0.02)C_(0.13)N_(0.85) with minimal intermediate titanium sub-oxides was achieved. The results also showed that the iron particles formed from CTRN of FeTiO_3 exhibited a spherical morphology,which is conducive for Fe removal via the Becher process.
文摘采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与本征阻燃材料聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)共混、熔融制备PET/PEI合金,基于Materials Studio 7.0软件构建PET/PEI分子模型,进行相结构模拟,研究PET/PEI合金的相容性,并探讨PEI含量对PET/PEI合金力学性能及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:在任意共混比下PET/PEI合金为互不相容体系,当PEI质量分数为10%时,PET-PEI分子间C—C原子对之间的径向分布函数值为4.09,大于PEI-PEI分子间C—C原子对之间的径向分布函数值,PET/PEI合金相容性相对较好;当PEI质量分数为10%时,PET/PEI合金拉伸强度最高,为47.2 MPa;PET/PEI合金的极限氧指数(LOI)随PEI含量的增加而增大,PEI质量分数为10%时合金的LOI为24.3%,PEI质量分数为15%时合金的LOI为27.0%;PET与PEI相容性不佳,但加入PEI仍能有效改善PET/PEI合金的力学性能和阻燃性能,PEI质量分数为10%时PET/PEI合金相容性较好,力学性能好,同时阻燃性能也得到提升。
文摘In this work,polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fibers were continuously treated by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) in Ar mixed O2 plasma,and the discharge was characterized by electrical function and optical diagnostics.It is found that the interfacial adhesion strength between treated PET fiber and resorcinol formaldehyde latex(RFL)(little)-rubber was improved(about 50%) by the measurement of interfacial shear strength(IFSS) and peel test.The wettability was improved rapidly in the initial treatment time.It is considered that oxidation chemical reaction as the major role of PET fiber surface modification is ahead of the physical etching effect.The high density of atomic oxygen in the plasma by optical emission spectroscopy supports the purpose.According to the scanning electron micrograph(SEM) image in the work,the longer treatment time obviously caused physical etching effect,which shall be less responsible for the improvement of the wettability.
