Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide on Antioxidant Capacity of the Liver in High-fat Diet Rats

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on antioxidant function in high-fat diet obese rats.[Methods]Thirty five healthy male SD rats were selected to establish an obesity model after feeding a high-fat for 8 weeks.They were then randomly divided into a normal group(NC),a high-fat diet group(HF),and an HF+P.sibiricum polysaccharide group[HF+PSP,300 mg/(kg·d)].After 6 weeks of PSP intervention,the serum and liver of rats were collected,and the activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in serum,the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver tissue were measured.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the HF group,PSP could effectively inhibit obesity caused by high-fat diet.It reduced body weight and serum AST and ALT levels,increased the contents of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in the liver,and inhibited the accumulation of MDA content,thereby reducing damage to liver cells caused by a high-fat diet.It indicated that PSP could effectively inhibit obesity in high-fat diet rats and enhance their antioxidant capacity.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the study of the antioxidant capacity of PSP.

Effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia

BACKGROUND： Learning and memory processes are accompanied by complex neuropathological and biochemical changes. Free radicals play an important role in learning and memory damage. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide （PSP） in comparison with vitamin 12 on inhibiting free radical damage, as well as improving the degree of cerebral ischemia and learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTINGS： Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical College; Shandong Jewim Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. MATERIALS： A total of 105 healthy Kunming mice, comprising 90 males and 15 females that were clean grade, were provided by the Animal Center of Taishan Medical College. PSP （extracted and purified by Huangjing, Taishan） was provided by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taishan Medical College （purity of 79.6% by using a phenol-concentrated sulphate acid method）, and hydrogen bromine acid scopolamine injection solution （SCO） by Shanghai Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： This study was performed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Taishan Medical College from March to June 2007. （1） A total of 75 healthy Kunming male mice of clean grade were randomly divided into a normal control group, positive control group, and low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups, with 15 mice in each group. Mice in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg PSP, respectively. Mice in the positive control group were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg vitamin 12. In addition, mice in both the normal control group and model group were intragastrically administered the same volume of saline, respectively, once a day for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the final administration on day 6, mice in the positive control group, model group, low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were subcutaneously injected with 3.0 mg/kg SCO, while mice in the normal control group were subcutaneously injected with the same volume of distilled water. Ten minutes later, the step test was employed to measure memory. The training was performed 5 times, with 30-minute intervals between 2 sets. If the mice remained on the platform （latent period） for 30 minutes, they were determined to have learned the task. An eligible percentage was then recorded. Twenty-four hours later, the number of error responses from each mouse was recorded in a 5-minute period, based on the above-mentioned parameters. Mice were sacrificed under anesthesia. The activities of glutathione hyperoxide enzyme （GSH-Px）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） were assayed using an UV spectrophotometer. （2） The remaining 30 healthy Kunming mice of both genders were randomly divided into 3 groups, including control group, low-dosage PSP group, and high-dosage PSP group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg PSP, respectively, while the mice in the control group were perfused with the same volume of saline. Forty minutes later, the mice under superficial anesthesia were decapitated, and the number and duration of mouth-opening breaths of the isolated mouse head were immediately recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE： （1） Numbers of error responses within 5 minutes on the platform. （2） GSH-Px and SOD activity, as well as MDA content in mouse brain tissue. （3） Numbers and duration of mouth-opening breaths of the isolated mouse head. RESULTS： Of the 105 Kunming experimental mice, two mice died due to electric shock during the step-down test, therefore, a total of 103 mice were involved in the final analysis. （1） Effects of PSP on learning in mice： The eligible percentage in the high-dosage PSP group was higher than the control group at the 3rd and 5th training sessions （P 〈 0.05）. （2） Effects of PSP on memory in mice： The number of errors in the step-down test in the model group was higher than in the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）. Compared to the model group, the number of errors in the step-down test was lower in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups （P 〈 0.01）. （3） Effects of PSP on amount of GSH-Px, SOD, and MDA in mouse brain tissue： SOD and GSH-Px activity was higher in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups than in the model group. MDA content was lower in the high-dosage PSP group, compared to the model group. GSH-Px activity in the brain tissue of the high-dosage PSP group was similar to the positive control group （P 〉 0.05）. （4） Effects of PSP on acute cerebral ischemia in mice： The low-dosage PSP, and in particular the high-dosage PSP, prolonged the number and duration of mouth-opening breaths of the isolated mouse head （P 〈 0.05, 0.01）. CONCLUSION： PSP can improve learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia by reducing the damaging effects of cerebral ischemia and anti-oxidation. In addition, the effects are dose-dependent and are similar to those provided by vitamin E.

In vitro Inhibitory Activity of Shisandra chinensis and Polygonatum sibiricum against Vibrio harveyi and Its Biofilms

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the in vitro inhibitory activity of Shisandra chinensis and Polygonatum sibiricum against Vibrio harveyi and its biofilms. [Result] By agar diffusion test, in vitro inhibitory activity of 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum against V. harveyi was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration （ MIC） and minimal bactericidal concentration （MBC） of 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum against V. harveyi were determined by doubling dilution meth-od. The inhibitory activity of 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum on the formation of V. harveyi biofilms was evaluated by modified MTT assay. [ Result ] Both 5. chinen-sis and P. sibiricum had inhibitory activity against V. harveyi. The inhibition zone diameter of 5. chinensis against V. harveyi was 17. 95 mm; MIC and MBC of 5. chinensis were both 3.125 mg/ml. The inhibition zone diameter of P. sibiricum against V. harveyi was 12. 22 mm; MIC and MBC of P. sibiricum were 3.125 and 6.250 mg/ml, respectively. When the concentration was higher than 6. 25 mg/ml, 5. chinensis decoction had extremely significant inhibitory activity against V. harveyi （P 〈 0. 01） ; when the concentration was higher than 3. 125 mg/ml, P. sibiricum had extremely significant inhibitory activity against V. harveyi （P 〈0. 01）. [ Conclusion] 5. chinensis and P. sibiricum could significantly inhibit V. harveyi and its biofilms.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats fed a high-fat diet

Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional medicinal and dietary plant of the family Liliaceae. The main functional macromolecules of P. sibiricum are polysaccharides, which function in antioxidation and regulating immunity. Previous studies have shown that insulin resistance(IR), oxidative stress, and inflammation are important factors in the induction of lipid metabolic diseases such as obesity. Therefore, in this study, we established a high-fat diet-induced rat model of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) to explore the potential protective effect of P. sibiricum polysaccharides(PSPs) and the mechanisms behind it. After 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding to induce obesity, the rats were treated with different doses of PSP solution or distilled water for 6 weeks. Compared with untreated obese rats, PSP-treated obese rats showed a decrease in body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic malondialdehyde content, and hepatic levels of the pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, as well as increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Pathological analysis and immunoblotting of the liver tissues indicated that mechanistically, PSPs reduced obesity and NAFLD in rats by upregulating insulin receptor expression, increasing adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and downregulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression, thus promoting lipid metabolism, decreasing body weight, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation. Based on these results, PSPs may have the potential to reduce obesity and NAFLD associated with a high-fat diet.

Establishment of Quality Standard for Freeze-dried Tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and Study on Anti-tumor Activity of Diosgenin

[Objectives]The paper was to establish the quality standard for freeze-dried tablets of Polygonatum sibiricum and to explore the antitumor activity of its extract diosgenin.[Methods]Taking freeze-dried powder samples of P.sibiricum from 4 different producing areas as materials,and referring to the quality standard of P.sibiricum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),the contents of total ash,moisture,extract,total sugar and diosgenin were determined by total ash determination method,drying method,hot dipping method,0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid method and HPLC,respectively.The antitumor activities of diosgenin against A431(human epidermal carcinoma cells),H1975(human lung adenocarcinoma cells)and Ramos(human B lymphoblastoma cells)were investigated by MTT assay.[Results]The moisture content of the samples was 2.8%-4.7%(not more than 18.0%);the total ash content was 1.9%-3.4%(not more than 4.0%);the ethanol-soluble extract content was 72.99%-78.99%(not less than 45.0%);and the total sugar content was 7.95%-9.94%(not less than 7.0%).The lowest content of diosgenin was 0.18%,and diosgenin was significantly resistant to A431.[Conclusions]The content determination method established in the study is simple,accurate and reproducible.

Effect and mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Methods:The mouse BMSCs were cultured and induced in osteoblast medium(OBM)containing finalconcentrations(0 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,and 50 mg/L)of PSP.The proliferation and cytotoxicity of BMSCs were detected by MTT assay.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and Alizarin red S staining were performed after 7 days' ossification-inducing culture.The mRNA expressions of ALP,Runx2 and osteocalcin(OCN)were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).The mRNA and protein expressions of Tafazzin(TAZ)(a key effector of Hippo pathway)were measured by qPCR and western blotting,respectively.Results:PSP was non-cytotoxicwithin the dose range of 12.5-50 mg/L and had no impact on the proliferation of BMSCs.The activity of ALP,the intensity of ALP staining,and the formation of mineralized nodules were increased by PSP treatment(25 and50 mg/L)(P<0.01).Moreover,administration of 25 mg/L PSP significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of osteoblastic differentiation makers ALP,Runx2 and OCN as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of TAZ(P<0.01).Conclusion:PSP could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs,and the mechanisms might be related to the activation of TAZ in the Hippo signaling pathway.

The therapeutic mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on T2DM rats based on the Nrf2 signaling pathway

Background:This study will be aimed at investigating the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide(PSP)in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Thirty Sprague–Dawley male rats were evenly distributed into three groups:normal,T2DM,and PSP groups,by applying a random sample table method.The typical cluster was served balanced food every day,whereas the others were supplied with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injections to make T2DM rat models.The changes in humor organic chemistry indicators and liver histopathology were determined following the model institution for every cluster.After PSP intervention,western blotting was applied to research the expression levels of crucial transcription factors concerned within the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signal pathway,as well as Nrf2,glutamate-cysteine ligase chemical process fractional monetary unit,NQO1 and HO-1 within the liver tissues of the rat models,and to seem into the therapeutic edges of PSP and the way it happens in T2DM rats.Results:PSP intervention considerably reduced the concentration levels of aldohexose,lipids,liver-operated indicators,and alternative organic chemistry indicators within the humor of T2DM rat models and improved the histopathological changes within the liver.In addition,the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were increased,and the levels of MDA were decreased in the liver tissues of T2DM rat models following PSP intervention.Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of the Nrf2,HO-1,glutamate-cysteine ligase chemical,and NQO1 proteins were increased in rat liver tissues following PSP intervention.Conclusion:PSP has therapeutic effects in T2DM rat models,and its mechanism of motion might also be related to regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in liver tissues and alleviating oxidative stress.

九蒸九制对黄精中AGEs含量、多糖结构及体外活性的影响

为初步判断九蒸九制黄精多糖含量下降的主要原因及九蒸九制对黄精多糖体外活性的影响,本文测定了九蒸九制黄精中5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)及晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)的含量,考察了九蒸九制前后黄精纯化多糖的结构变化,并分析这些变化对黄精体外活性的影响。结果表明九蒸九制黄精发生了美拉德反应,5-HMF含量为(631.3±21.5)μg/g,羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)和羧乙基赖氨酸(CEL)含量分别为(342.4±11.3)μg/g和(63.7±9.8)μg/g。并对黄精多糖的结构及组成产生了不同程度的影响,葡萄糖(Glc)含量有所增长,甘露糖(Man)及半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)的含量有明显降低,Man从34.53%降至17.06%,GalUA从9.59%降至1.77%。研究表明,黄精在九蒸九制的加工过程中发生了美拉德反应,并产生了一定量的AGEs,同时,九蒸九制法在一定程度提高了黄精多糖的体外降糖活性。

黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺优化及其品质分析

以黑糯米为主要原料,黄精提取液为辅料制备黄精黑糯米酒。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化液态法发酵黄精黑糯米酒酿造工艺条件,并对其理化指标及活性成分进行测定。结果表明,最佳酿造工艺条件为酒曲与酵母质量比1:1、发酵时间6 d、黄精提取液添加量28%、料液比(糯米与水)1.0:7.0(g:mL)。在此优化条件下,黄精黑糯米酒的酒体澄清透亮、呈紫红色、酒香醇厚、具有黄精风味,感官评分为87分,酒精度达12.0%vol,总糖、还原糖、总酸、氨基酸态氮、花色苷和总黄酮含量分别为4.13 g/100 mL、3.74 g/100 mL、6.32 g/L、0.22 g/L、37.9 mg/L、0.023 g/100 mL。

九蒸九制对鸡头黄精理化性质及抗氧化性的影响

为了探究蒸制处理对鸡头黄精有效成分及代谢物种类和含量影响,采用低场核磁、苯酚-浓硫酸法、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法(HPLC-ELSD)和液相色谱-质谱技术(LC-MS)等对其中的水分分布、多糖含量、单糖组成和代谢产物等进行分析。结果表明,多次蒸制后,鸡头黄精结合水的含量、多糖含量逐渐降低,水提液pH值逐渐降低呈弱酸性达到4.07,还原糖、总酚、黄酮含量逐渐升高分别达到28.69%、10.02 mg/g和0.69%,抗氧化性逐渐增强,ABTS抗氧化能力在7制达到最高为0.73 mmol/L,较1制增加0.35 mmol/L,DPPH自由基清除率和FRAP值在8制达到最高分别为81.95%,1.97 mmol/L,较1制分别增加50.92%,1.72 mmol/L;同时蔗糖逐渐水解从18.53mg/g到7.62mg/g,葡萄糖和果糖含量提高,分别由1制0.00和11.30mg/g,达到9制17.25和230.89 mg/g。选取一制与九制黄精进行代谢物差异分析,在正离子模式下共检测到1310种代谢物,差异代谢物有176种(按其特性分为38类),在负离子模式下共检测到1841种代谢物,差异代谢物有148种(按其特性分为26类)。黄精经蒸制后有效成分差异性显著,对鸡头黄精炮制加工提供科学依据。

固态发酵制备黄精多糖的工艺优化、理化特性及抗氧化活性

选取7种乳杆菌进行固态发酵,以黄精多糖得率为评价指标确定最佳发酵菌种。借助单因素试验和响应面曲面分析法对固态发酵黄精工艺进行优化,并分析固态发酵黄精多糖(solid state fermentation Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide,SF-PSP)与相同条件下未经发酵黄精多糖(P.sibiricum polysaccharide,PSP)的单糖组成、形态特征、热失重特性以及体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:副干酪乳杆菌ATCC 334为最优发酵菌种,SF-PSP的最佳制备工艺条件为:液料比0.98∶1(mL∶g)、接菌量4.80%、发酵时间51.30 h,此条件下SF-PSP得率为(11.14±0.89)%。SF-PSP主要由甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,与PSP相比,鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖含量均提高了4倍。扫描电镜结果表明,与PSP相比,SF-PSP结构更加疏松且有更多致密的小孔。热重分析结果表明2种多糖失重温度节点不同,且SF-PSP保水能力优于PSP。体外抗氧化活性结果表明SF-PSP的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、亚铁离子螯合能力及总抗氧化性均显著高于PSP(P<0.05)。综上,采用SF-PSP可以显著提高黄精多糖的得率和抗氧化活性。

陕西省黄精生态种植模式评价与技术分析

以陕西省黄精为研究对象,对其在陕西省的生态种植技术进行系统分析与评价。结果表明,在陕西省黄精的种植模式主要分为2种,林下种植与间套作种植模式。林下种植黄精可有效利用陕西省土地资源且可形成良好的生态环境。黄精的间套作模式为黄精的生长创造了良好的根际环境,同时改善了农业生态环境,促进了资源再生和循环利用。

两种同属食药同源植物黄精与玉竹代谢组学比较分析

采用代谢组学方法比较分析了同属食药同源植物黄精和玉竹代谢物质的组成及差异。利用基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS)的非靶向代谢组学技术,对黄精与玉竹的根部进行了分析。两种中药共检测到583个差异代谢物,玉竹与黄精相比,其中共有536个代谢物含量显著上升,47个代谢物含量显著下降。在这些代谢物中,有150种黄酮类化合物在黄精和玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:139种显著上调,11种显著下调。甾体皂苷类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到110种,其中:93种显著上调,17种显著下调。生物碱类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到73种,其中:61种显著上调,12种显著下调。98种酚酸类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:96种显著上调,2种显著下调。48种萜类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:47种显著上调,1种显著下调。这些研究结果可为黄精与玉竹的开发研究提供理论依据。

黄精药理作用研究进展及专利分析

黄精是一味广泛使用的中药,现代研究表明其具有多种药理作用,如抗氧化、抗衰老、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂、改善记忆力、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗抑郁、抑制骨质疏松等。黄精作为药食同源的中药,从源头栽培到炮制工艺,鉴别提取方法,再到食品、药物中的运用均有相关专利。对黄精的药理作用及相关专利进行了梳理分析,为黄精的深度开发和有效运用提供参考,进而推动黄精产业的发展。

黄精施肥与栽培模式研究进展

黄精是药食两用的中药材,具有润肺滋肾、补脾益气的功效。由于市场需求量增长较快,野生黄精资源已经不能满足市场需求,促使人工栽培黄精规模不断扩大。科学合理的施肥方法可以促进中药材的生长发育,从而增加中药材产出。基于已有研究,综述黄精施肥及栽培模式,分析目前存在的问题并提出建议,以期为今后黄精的开发和利用提供参考。

黄精多糖对口腔溃疡模型大鼠的治疗作用及其机制研究

目的:探讨黄精多糖(PSP)对口腔溃疡模型大鼠的治疗效果及作用机制。方法:将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和PSP低(50mg/kg)、中(100mg/kg)、高(200mg/kg)剂量组,除正常组外均采用机械创伤联合氢氧化钠(NaOH)晶体灼烧建立口腔溃疡模型。造模后连续灌胃给药10d,正常组和模型组大鼠给予生理盐水,PSP低、中、高剂量组大鼠接受相应浓度的PSP溶液。在给药前以及给药第3、5、7、10d,测量各组大鼠口腔溃疡的最大横径和最大纵径,计算溃疡面积。同时通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,采用水溶性四唑蓝法(WST)和硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:与模型组比较,PSP药物组大鼠的溃疡面积缩小更为显著,尤其是PSP中、高剂量组(P<0.05)。PSP低、中、高剂量组能显著降低大鼠造模后血清中升高的TNF-α、IL-6及MDA含量(P<0.05),同时增加血清SOD水平(P<0.05)。结论:PSP对机械化学联合法诱导的口腔溃疡模型大鼠有明显的治疗作用,能促进溃疡病变的愈合,其机制可能与其抗炎、抗氧化作用有关。

黄精皂苷与多糖超声辅助提取工艺优化及降血糖活性研究

目的:以黄精为原料,开发高效协同提取黄精皂苷(Polygonatum sibiricum sponins,PSSs)和多糖(Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides,PSPs)的工艺,并考察提取物及其复合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制活性。方法:采用超声波法辅助复合酶解提取PSSs和PSPs,考察超声料液比、超声时间、超声温度、酶解时间、酶添加量、酶解料液比、热水提取温度及热水提取时间等因素对PSSs、PSPs得率的影响,并利用Box-Behnken试验进行优化。结果:PSSs和PSPs的最佳协同提取工艺条件为超声温度50℃,超声时间50 min,超声料液比1∶25(g/mL),酶解时间2 h,酶添加量3053 U/g,酶解料液比1∶25(g/mL),热水提取温度80℃,热水提取时间1 h,此条件下,两步提取PSSs总得率为12.22%,PSPs得率为27.07%;PSSs和PSPs对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性均具有抑制作用,且二者复合后仍具有较好的抑制作用。结论:经优化后获得了黄精皂苷和多糖高效协同提取的工艺条件,且与单一组分相比,二者复合后降血糖活性有所提高。

黄精水提液对环磷酰胺诱导的雄性小鼠生殖损伤的保护作用

目的研究黄精水提液对环磷酰胺诱导的生殖损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法40只昆明种小鼠随机平分为空白组、模型组、黄精水提液治疗组和阳性对照组共四组。治疗组和阳性对照组分别给予黄精水提液(5 g/kg)和金匮肾气丸(1.2 g/kg)药液灌胃,空白组和模型组给予相同剂量纯水灌胃,1次/d,连续35 d;模型组、黄精水提液治疗组和阳性对照组腹腔注射环磷酰胺(5 mg/ml,10 ml/kg),每周1次,空白组注射同剂量的生理盐水,实验完成后,处死小鼠,取附睾头部孵育,检测精子活力、精子密度和畸形率;检测睾丸中SOD活性;PCR检测睾丸组织TXNIP、NLRP3、Caspase-1、ASC、IL-18等基因表达;HE染色观察睾丸组织形态变化。结果与空白组相比,模型组精子活率、精子密度明显降低(P<0.05),精子畸形率有所升高(P<0.05),睾丸组织中SOD活性有所降低(P<0.05),睾丸组织中TXNIP、NLRP3、Caspase-1、ASC、IL-18 mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05),睾丸组织曲细精管萎缩变小,结构不完整,生精细胞排列松散、明显减少、呈空泡状。与模型组相比,黄精水提液治疗组精子活率、精子密度有所提高(P<0.05),精子畸形率明显降低(P<0.05);组织中SOD活性有所升高(P<0.05);睾丸组织中TXNIP、NLRP3、Caspase-1、ASC、IL-18 mRNA表达有所降低(P<0.05);曲细精管萎缩有较明显改善,生精细胞明显增多,空泡状减少。结论黄精水提液可减轻环磷酰胺诱导的生殖损伤,其机制可能与抗氧化和抗炎有关。

基于生物信息学探索中药黄精调控铁死亡抗阿尔茨海默病的潜在作用机制

目的基于生物信息学探索中药黄精调控铁死亡抗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的潜在物质基础和作用机制。方法利用TCMSP、UniProt数据库筛选黄精有效活性成分并确定作用靶点。通过GeneCards、DrugBank、TTD、GEO数据库获取AD相关疾病靶点。利用Venny图在线工具,筛选黄精治疗AD的潜在靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建“黄精-有效活性成分-作用靶点”网络图,通过STRING数据库获得蛋白质之间相互作用(PPI)信息。采用Metascape数据库对靶点蛋白进行基因本体(GO)富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,并进行可视化展示。通过FerrDb数据库检索AD铁死亡过程相关基因,最终得到黄精药物抗AD铁死亡的相关靶点,进一步分析获取核心靶点及其KEGG通路。利用AutoDockTools软件将黄精有效活性成分与核心靶点进行分子虚拟对接以及可视化展示。结果研究筛选黄精有效活性成分18个、黄精治疗AD潜在靶点109个、铁死亡参与AD发病的可能靶点13个、黄精调控铁死亡抗AD核心靶点4个[雄激素受体(AR)、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、E3泛素蛋白连接酶mdm2(MDM2)、肿瘤蛋白P53(TP53)]。核心靶点的KEGG通路主要集中在癌症、HIF-1信号通路、IL-17信号通路、化学致癌-受体活化等信号通路。分子对接结果显示,黄精有效活性成分薯蓣皂苷元、黄芩素、芹菜素、异甘草素、3'-甲基黄豆苷元、4',5-二羟基黄酮与核心靶点具有良好的结合能力。结论中药黄精利用薯蓣皂苷元、黄芩素、芹菜素、异甘草素、3'-甲基黄豆苷元、4',5-二羟基黄酮等主要活性成分,通过调控铁死亡相关基因,可有效缓解、改善AD,其机制可能与调控AR、HIF-1、MDM2、TP53蛋白表达及其相关通路有关。

黄精对麦曲微生物群落结构及其功能基因的影响

目的:探究分别添加2.5%及5%质量分数的黄精对麦曲微生物群落结构及功能基因的影响,在此基础上为今后黄精麦曲的选择提供理论参考。方法:通过宏基因组学技术对黄精麦曲中的微生物组成及功能基因进行注释,使用主成分分析、堆叠柱状图及聚类热图等方法分析黄精对麦曲的微生物群落结构及功能基因的影响。结果:添加质量分数为2.5%的黄精制作的麦曲(HJ100)物种丰富度及均匀度均高于质量分数为5%(HJ200)及未添加黄精的麦曲(PTMQ);三者在属、种水平上均存在差异,其中HJ100的优势属为Aspergillus、Paecilomyces、Rasamsonia、Limosilactobacillus、Rhizopus、Klebsiella、Pantoea及Puccinia;HJ200与PTMQ的优势属均为Asper-gillus、Paecilomyces及Rasamsonia;HJ100优势种为Paecilomyces varioti、Rasamsonia emersonii、Limosilactoba-cillus pontis、Pantoea agglomerans、Rhizopus microsporus及Puccinia striiformis,HJ200与PTMQ的优势种均为Paecilomyces varioti和Rasamsonia emersonii;与HJ200及PTMQ相比,HJ100所注释出的功能基因的相对丰度展现出更高的均匀性,同时又具有高丰度的与碳水化合物代谢、蛋白质和氨基酸代谢的功能基因,该基因与黄酒的品质直接相关;酿造实验表明HJ100酿造的黄酒在总糖和多糖含量等指标上均优于HJ200及PTMQ,可保障黄酒的功能性与品质,且HJ100具有与PTMQ及HJ200相同的发酵能力。结论:添加2.5%质量分数的黄精,能够提高麦曲物种丰富度及均匀度和品质,可用于今后的黄酒酿造。