Comparative Study on Tribological Behavior of Graphene/Polyimide and Carbon Fibers/Polyimide Composites: A Review

Recently, graphene and carbon fibers have enticed extensive consideration in many scientific fields, they are considered by many scientists to be one of the most promising materials in the 21st century. Due to the uniqueness of their properties was attracted to be used to reinforce polyimide. Impressive graphene properties coupled with those excellent of polyimide composites produced composites materials with good tribological properties, different contents of graphene and its derivatives tend to improve polyimide composites properties particularly friction and wear. Furthermore, nanofillers decorated graphene derivatives showed also an effect on the tribological properties of composites. Carbon fibers coupled with polyimide composites also reviewed and showed a significance in the improvement of the properties of composites materials. The results nanofillers reinforced carbon fibers/polyimide exhibit enhanced tribological properties, which can be applied in various fields. Therefore, this survey article gives an enormous review study of the tribological properties under various conditions of graphene/polyimide and car- bon fibers/polyimide composites. Besides the effects of nanofillers size on tribological properties, preparation, and research challenges were also reviewed.

Synthesis and characterization of high strength polyimide/silicon nitride nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and hydrophobic properties

Polyimide(PI)composite films were synthesized incorporating amino modified silicon nitride(Si_(3)N_(4))nanoparticles into PI matrix via in situ polymerization technique.The mechanical and thermal performances as well as the hydrophobic properties of the as prepared composite films were investigated with respect to the dosage of the filler in the PI matrix.According to Thermogravimetric(TGA)analysis,meaningful improvements were achieved in T5(5%weight loss temperature)and T10(10%weight loss temperature)up to 54.1℃ and 52.4℃,respectively when amino functionalized nano Si_(3)N_(4) particles were introduced into the PI matrix.The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)results revealed that the glass transition temperature(Tg)of the composites was considerably enhanced up to 49.7℃ when amino functionalized Si_(3)N_(4) nanoparticles were incorporated in the PI matrix.Compared to the neat PI,the PI/Si_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites exhibited very high improvement in the tensile strength as well as Young’s modulus up to 105.4%and 138.3%,respectively.Compared to the neat PI,the composites demonstrated highly decreased water absorption behavior which showed about 68.1%enhancement as the content of the nanoparticles was increased to 10 wt%.The SEM(Scanning electron microscope)images confirmed that the enhanced thermal,mechanical and water proof properties are essentially attributed to the improved compatibility of the filler with the matrix and hence,enhanced distribution inside the matrix because of the amino groups on the surface of Si_(3)N_(4) nanoparticles obtained from surface functionalization.

Comparative study of tribological properties of insulated and conductive polyimide composites

Insulated polyimide(PI)composites filled with short glass fibers(SGF),polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),SiO2,and polyphenylene(PPL)are specially designed,prepared,and the tribological properties are systematically investigated with references to the special requirements for frictional materials used in ultrasonic motors.The hardness and thermal decomposition temperature of the insulated PI composites are comparable to that of conductive PI composites.However,these insulated materials present excellent friction and wear performance,especially under high loads and speeds.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of the worn surface indicates that adhesive and fatigue wear dominate the wear mechanisms.

Tribological properties of polyimide composites reinforced with fibers rubbing against Al_(2)O_(3)

Reinforcing fillers are of great importance in tribological performance and tribofilm formation of polymeric composites.In this study,the tribological properties of aramid particle(AP)and short carbon fiber(SCF)reinforced polyimide(PI)composites were added to hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),and silica(SiO_(2))nanoparticles sliding against alumina were comprehensively investigated.When sliding occurred with AP-reinforced PI composites,the tribological properties were not closely depended on the pressure×velocity(p×v)factors and the nanoparticles.The interactions between AP and its counterpart could not induce tribo-sintering of the transferred wear debris.As such,the tribofilm seemed to be in a viscous state,leading to higher friction and wear.However,the inclusion of hard SCF into the PI matrix changed the interfacial interactions with alumina.A robust tribofilm consisting of a high fraction of silica was generated when the SCF-reinforced PI was added to the SiO_(2) nanoparticles.It exhibited a high load-carrying capability and was easily sheared.This caused a significant decrease in the friction and wear of the PI composite at 8 MPa·1m/s.Moreover,due to their high melting point,few h-BN nanoparticles were observed in the tribofilm of the SCF-reinforced PI when hexagonal boron nitride was added.

Laser-induced porous graphene on Polyimide/PDMS composites andits kirigami-inspired strain sensor

The laser-induced porous graphene(LIG)prepared in a straightforward fabrication method is presented,and its applications in stretchable strain sensors to detect the applied strain are also explored.The LIGformed on the polyimide/polydimethylsiloxane(PI/PDMS)composite exhibits a naturally high stretchabil-ity(over 30%),bypassing the transfer printing process compared to the one prepared by laser scribing onPI films.The PI/PDMS composite with LIG shows tunable mechanical and electronic performances withdifferent PI particle concentrations in PDMS.The good cyclic stability and almost linear response of theprepared LIG’s resistance with respect to tensile strain provide its access to wearable electronics.To im-prove the PDMS/PI composite stretchability,we designed and optimized a kirigami-inspired strain sensorwith LIG on the top surface,dramatically increasing the maximum strain value that in linear response toapplied strain from 3%to 79%.

Effect of surface modification on thermal expansion of Zr_(2)WP_(2)O_(12)/aromatic polyimides based composites

Surface modification is a fascinating way to improve the compounding effect between inorganic fillers and polymers.In this study,zirconium tungsten phosphate(ZWP) with negative thermal expansion was surface modified by silane coupling agent 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate.The effects of surface modification and the modification mechanism were analyzed in detail by X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal mechanical analysis.The surface modification could effectively reduce the thermal expansion properties of the composite.When the added amount of 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilaneSilane(trade name:KH570) is 0.50 wt%,the thermal expansion coefficient of ZWP/Aromatic polyimide composite decreased by 9.76%.The surface modification also can effectively improve the dielectric performance of aromatic polyimides.The present work provides one new way to improve the thermal expansion behavior of composites.

Thermo-mechanical properties of RTM-made carbon fibre/polyimide composite attaching collar under transient heating

This study focuses on the thermo-mechanical properties of Carbon Fibre/Polyimide Composite(CFPC)attaching collars under transient heating.The CFPC attaching collars were fabricated by a high-temperature resin transfer moulding process,and their thermo-mechanical properties under the conditions of simultaneous transient heating and bending load were investigated.The results show that the attaching collar tends to fail at 118% of the limit load.The failure mode includes the fracture of the connecting screws,local extrusion damage of the hole edges,and slight ablation damage at the outer plies.And there is no observable residual deformation in the composite attaching collar.Furthermore,considering that the material properties vary with temperature,a progressive damage model based on the sequential thermo-mechanical coupling method was established to study the failure mechanism of the attaching collar.Finally,the damage factor of the CFPC was calculated to assess the safety status of the attaching collar.The results show that the primary damage modes of the composite attaching collar are intralaminar failure,which mainly occurs at the heat insulation layer and the hole edges,and these slightly affect the structural bearing capacity.A good correlation between the experiment and FEA is obtained.The test methods and analysis models proposed contribute to the safety assessment of composite structures under transient heating.

Long-term Thermo-oxidative Degradation Modeling of a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyimide Composite:Multistep Degradation Behaviors and Kinetics

This study aims to disclose the thermo-oxidative degradation behaviors and kinetics of a carbon fiber reinforced polyimide(CFRPI)composite for modeling of the Iong-term degradation process.The degradation behaviors were revealed through off-gas products analysis,and the overall kinetic interpretation was achieved from study of the mass-loss curves recorded under dynamic conditions.It was found that thermooxidative degradati on of the CFRPI composite was a multistep process,which in eluded four main reaction steps.Since most kinetic an alysis methods were derived from simple reactions described by a single kinetic triplet,they cannot be applied reliably to such a process.Therefore,we firstly separated the four overlapped reaction steps by peak fitting of derivative thermogravimetric curves using Fraser-Suzuki equation consider!ng the asymmetrical n ature of kin etic curves,and subsequently an a lyzed each in dividual reaction employing Friedma n method and experimental master-plots method.Four sets of kinetic triplets were determined to characterize the entire degradation process.The validity of four corresponding kinetic triplets was confirmed by perfect simulation of mass-loss curves recorded at both dynamic conditions used in kinetic analysis and entirely different isothermal conditions.Finally,modeling of Iong-term aging at 400°C of the CFRPI composite was successfully achieved based on these kinetic triplets.The predicted mass loss and flexural property correlated well with experimental results.This study can serve as a basis for rapid evaluation of the long-term durability of the CFRPI composite in various application environments.