A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone)(PES C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheom...A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone)(PES C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS Ⅱ) and a CEAST capillary rheometer, a rheoscope 1000 were employed to investigate the melt rheology and extrusion behaviour at both the low and high shearing rates. The morphologies of the blends under different shearing were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and correlated to the observed rheology. The principal normal stress differences measured with cone and plate geometry give a temperature independent correlation for both blend and PES C when they are plotted against shear stress. But the extrudate swell of the blends showed a strong temperature dependence at each shear stress. The concentration dependence of extrudate swell shows a contrary behaviour to that of the inorganic filled system. A reasonable hypothesis based on the relaxation and disorientation of TLCP during flowing in the capillary and exiting was given to explain it. The melt fracture was checked after extrusion from capillary and was discussed.展开更多
With the help of differential scanning calorimetry, cone-plate and capillary rheometry andscanning electron microscopy, a research has been conducted on rheological behavior,crystallization and morphology of poly (but...With the help of differential scanning calorimetry, cone-plate and capillary rheometry andscanning electron microscopy, a research has been conducted on rheological behavior,crystallization and morphology of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) blends containing athermotropic LCP. The blend has zero entrance pressure loss, although the LCP has rather largeone. The viscosity curve of the blend lies between those of the LCP and PBT. The crystallizationof PBT is not affected by the presence of the LCP together with no indication oftransesterification between the two ingredients. LCP spheres and ellipsoids with the size of 0. 5--1. 5 μm disperse in PBT matrix uniformly, which is related to the viscosity ratio of the two components.展开更多
The present work concerns the crystallization of PET accelerated by addition of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP)based on two aromatic copolyesters: PHB/PET (60:40 ) and PHB/HDA/2,6-DNA /IPA ( 50:25 : 12...The present work concerns the crystallization of PET accelerated by addition of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP)based on two aromatic copolyesters: PHB/PET (60:40 ) and PHB/HDA/2,6-DNA /IPA ( 50:25 : 12.5 : 12.5 ). The investigation has been made by measurements of the cold-crystallization and melt-crystallization temperatures by DSC and of the changes of density and depolarizing light intensity during the isothermal process. In addition, the morphology of selectively etched surface of compressing pellets proved the presence of crystalline fibrillar structure, it can be supposed to have grown up from the micelle nucleus based on bundle of rigid TLCP chains.展开更多
Polymer strands with various draw ratios of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and modified poly(phenylene oxide) were prepared by drawing the melts leaving a slit die in open air. The morphology, structu...Polymer strands with various draw ratios of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and modified poly(phenylene oxide) were prepared by drawing the melts leaving a slit die in open air. The morphology, structure and mechanical properties of the resulting strands were studied as a function of LCP content and draw ratio. It was found that the thermal and mechanical properties of the matrix phase did not change dramatically with the amount of LCP and draw ratio, but the orientation of LCP phase could be increased with draw ratio. The mechanical properties of the strands could be improved by moderately drawing the melts. Wide angle X-ray diffraction suggested that the improvement in tensile strength of the strands was due to the resultant fibrillation of LCP phase and enhanced molecular orientation. Morphological observation indicated that excessive drawing of the strands could lead to the break down of the microfibrils of LCP and thus resulted in the decrease of mechanical strength.展开更多
The lamellar structure of a thermotropic aromatic polyester with flexible spacer has beenstudied by using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the lamellar structure couldbe observed in the crystalline ...The lamellar structure of a thermotropic aromatic polyester with flexible spacer has beenstudied by using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the lamellar structure couldbe observed in the crystalline samples of this semirigid polymer crystallized from different states.The thickness of lamellae is around 10 nm, which is similar to that of the conventional polymersof flexible chain molecules. The molecular chains in the lamellae are oriented in the thicknessdirection as determined by electron diffraction. The possibility of molecular chains folding in the lamellae has been discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Generally main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are prepared form chiral diacid or diol monomer. But these monomers are costly. Isosorbide is chiral cycloaliphatic diol accessible...BACKGROUND: Generally main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are prepared form chiral diacid or diol monomer. But these monomers are costly. Isosorbide is chiral cycloaliphatic diol accessible from renewable resources in the form of pure enantiomers. Thus it is used to synthesize main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Incorporation of phenyl hydroquinone into the backbone of the main chain frustrates chain packing, thus lowering the crystallinity and depressing the melting point below the degradation temperature, also improves the solubility due to disruption of packing and maintains the mechanical and thermal performance. RESULTS: Optical microscopy study reveals that more than 50% of isosorbide content with phenyl hydroquinone and terephthalic acid showed “yellow iridescent oily streaks” with a background of mosaic/marble texture. These are the typical textures of cholesteric liquid crystalline phase. Copolyesters based on phenyl hydroquinone, isosorbide and terephthalic acid are soluble in aprotic solvents like N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Solubility increases with the content of isosorbide percent. Thermal stability of all copolyesters was more than 300?C on the basis of 10% wt loss. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers can be prepared form chiral cycloaliphatic diol such as isosorbide. Main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters are prepared from phenyl hydroquinone, isosorbide and terephthalic acid showed thermal stability more than 300?C. Main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are soluble in aprotic solvents like DMAC, DMSO, DMF and NMP.展开更多
1 Introduction Four species of reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCMC) with different relative molecular weight were synthesized in this work (see scheme 1, n=2, 6, 10, ∞.n means number of repeat stru...1 Introduction Four species of reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCMC) with different relative molecular weight were synthesized in this work (see scheme 1, n=2, 6, 10, ∞.n means number of repeat structure unit). Their structure, morphology and properties were investigated systemically by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polarizing opticalmicroscopy (POM) and ubb...展开更多
A series of novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters bearing nonlinear optical azobenzene side group were synthesized by high temperature solution polycondensation and their structures,thermal stability, phas...A series of novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters bearing nonlinear optical azobenzene side group were synthesized by high temperature solution polycondensation and their structures,thermal stability, phase transition behavior and crystallinity were characterized by IR,elemental analysis, TG-DTA, polarizing optical microscope (POM) equipped with a hot stage and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results demonstrate that all the synthesized polyesters exhibit nematic liquid crystalline phases and show relatively high glass transition temperatures and good thermal stability.展开更多
对具有良好液晶聚合物微纤结构的聚丙烯/热致液晶聚合物/玻璃纤维(PP/TLCP/GF)混杂复合材料,使用静态拉伸和动态力学分析(DMA)的方法研究了材料的力学性能。拉伸实验结果表明,混杂复合材料的拉伸强度和模量随着PP和TLCP挤出后的牵伸... 对具有良好液晶聚合物微纤结构的聚丙烯/热致液晶聚合物/玻璃纤维(PP/TLCP/GF)混杂复合材料,使用静态拉伸和动态力学分析(DMA)的方法研究了材料的力学性能。拉伸实验结果表明,混杂复合材料的拉伸强度和模量随着PP和TLCP挤出后的牵伸速率增大而上升,并且含有增容剂PP g MAH的体系,力学性能更优异。DMA测试结果表明,混杂复合材料的动态模量E′随着体系中玻纤的含量增加而增大;当体系中加入增容剂后,复合材料的刚性得到进一步提高。但无论是否使用了增容剂PP g MAH,当体系中玻纤含量高于20%后,模量随玻纤含量增大的趋势变缓。当体系中增强相的含量增加,以及加入增容剂使增强相与基体的界面粘结得到改善后,PP基体的损耗因子(tanδ)峰值都有一定的减小。展开更多
Novel thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(aryl ether ketone) was synthesized via the random copolycondensation of 4,4′ difluorobenzophenone, 4,4′ biphenol and tert butylhydroquinone. The results of differential sca...Novel thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(aryl ether ketone) was synthesized via the random copolycondensation of 4,4′ difluorobenzophenone, 4,4′ biphenol and tert butylhydroquinone. The results of differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing light microscope and X ray diffraction confirmed the liquid crystalline property of the polymer. The polymer may be of great use in blending with normal poly(aryl ether ketone)s.展开更多
文摘A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone)(PES C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS Ⅱ) and a CEAST capillary rheometer, a rheoscope 1000 were employed to investigate the melt rheology and extrusion behaviour at both the low and high shearing rates. The morphologies of the blends under different shearing were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and correlated to the observed rheology. The principal normal stress differences measured with cone and plate geometry give a temperature independent correlation for both blend and PES C when they are plotted against shear stress. But the extrudate swell of the blends showed a strong temperature dependence at each shear stress. The concentration dependence of extrudate swell shows a contrary behaviour to that of the inorganic filled system. A reasonable hypothesis based on the relaxation and disorientation of TLCP during flowing in the capillary and exiting was given to explain it. The melt fracture was checked after extrusion from capillary and was discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘With the help of differential scanning calorimetry, cone-plate and capillary rheometry andscanning electron microscopy, a research has been conducted on rheological behavior,crystallization and morphology of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) blends containing athermotropic LCP. The blend has zero entrance pressure loss, although the LCP has rather largeone. The viscosity curve of the blend lies between those of the LCP and PBT. The crystallizationof PBT is not affected by the presence of the LCP together with no indication oftransesterification between the two ingredients. LCP spheres and ellipsoids with the size of 0. 5--1. 5 μm disperse in PBT matrix uniformly, which is related to the viscosity ratio of the two components.
文摘The present work concerns the crystallization of PET accelerated by addition of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP)based on two aromatic copolyesters: PHB/PET (60:40 ) and PHB/HDA/2,6-DNA /IPA ( 50:25 : 12.5 : 12.5 ). The investigation has been made by measurements of the cold-crystallization and melt-crystallization temperatures by DSC and of the changes of density and depolarizing light intensity during the isothermal process. In addition, the morphology of selectively etched surface of compressing pellets proved the presence of crystalline fibrillar structure, it can be supposed to have grown up from the micelle nucleus based on bundle of rigid TLCP chains.
文摘Polymer strands with various draw ratios of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and modified poly(phenylene oxide) were prepared by drawing the melts leaving a slit die in open air. The morphology, structure and mechanical properties of the resulting strands were studied as a function of LCP content and draw ratio. It was found that the thermal and mechanical properties of the matrix phase did not change dramatically with the amount of LCP and draw ratio, but the orientation of LCP phase could be increased with draw ratio. The mechanical properties of the strands could be improved by moderately drawing the melts. Wide angle X-ray diffraction suggested that the improvement in tensile strength of the strands was due to the resultant fibrillation of LCP phase and enhanced molecular orientation. Morphological observation indicated that excessive drawing of the strands could lead to the break down of the microfibrils of LCP and thus resulted in the decrease of mechanical strength.
文摘The lamellar structure of a thermotropic aromatic polyester with flexible spacer has beenstudied by using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the lamellar structure couldbe observed in the crystalline samples of this semirigid polymer crystallized from different states.The thickness of lamellae is around 10 nm, which is similar to that of the conventional polymersof flexible chain molecules. The molecular chains in the lamellae are oriented in the thicknessdirection as determined by electron diffraction. The possibility of molecular chains folding in the lamellae has been discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND: Generally main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are prepared form chiral diacid or diol monomer. But these monomers are costly. Isosorbide is chiral cycloaliphatic diol accessible from renewable resources in the form of pure enantiomers. Thus it is used to synthesize main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Incorporation of phenyl hydroquinone into the backbone of the main chain frustrates chain packing, thus lowering the crystallinity and depressing the melting point below the degradation temperature, also improves the solubility due to disruption of packing and maintains the mechanical and thermal performance. RESULTS: Optical microscopy study reveals that more than 50% of isosorbide content with phenyl hydroquinone and terephthalic acid showed “yellow iridescent oily streaks” with a background of mosaic/marble texture. These are the typical textures of cholesteric liquid crystalline phase. Copolyesters based on phenyl hydroquinone, isosorbide and terephthalic acid are soluble in aprotic solvents like N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Solubility increases with the content of isosorbide percent. Thermal stability of all copolyesters was more than 300?C on the basis of 10% wt loss. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers can be prepared form chiral cycloaliphatic diol such as isosorbide. Main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters are prepared from phenyl hydroquinone, isosorbide and terephthalic acid showed thermal stability more than 300?C. Main chain cholesteric thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are soluble in aprotic solvents like DMAC, DMSO, DMF and NMP.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50473060)
文摘1 Introduction Four species of reactive thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCMC) with different relative molecular weight were synthesized in this work (see scheme 1, n=2, 6, 10, ∞.n means number of repeat structure unit). Their structure, morphology and properties were investigated systemically by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polarizing opticalmicroscopy (POM) and ubb...
文摘A series of novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters bearing nonlinear optical azobenzene side group were synthesized by high temperature solution polycondensation and their structures,thermal stability, phase transition behavior and crystallinity were characterized by IR,elemental analysis, TG-DTA, polarizing optical microscope (POM) equipped with a hot stage and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results demonstrate that all the synthesized polyesters exhibit nematic liquid crystalline phases and show relatively high glass transition temperatures and good thermal stability.
文摘 对具有良好液晶聚合物微纤结构的聚丙烯/热致液晶聚合物/玻璃纤维(PP/TLCP/GF)混杂复合材料,使用静态拉伸和动态力学分析(DMA)的方法研究了材料的力学性能。拉伸实验结果表明,混杂复合材料的拉伸强度和模量随着PP和TLCP挤出后的牵伸速率增大而上升,并且含有增容剂PP g MAH的体系,力学性能更优异。DMA测试结果表明,混杂复合材料的动态模量E′随着体系中玻纤的含量增加而增大;当体系中加入增容剂后,复合材料的刚性得到进一步提高。但无论是否使用了增容剂PP g MAH,当体系中玻纤含量高于20%后,模量随玻纤含量增大的趋势变缓。当体系中增强相的含量增加,以及加入增容剂使增强相与基体的界面粘结得到改善后,PP基体的损耗因子(tanδ)峰值都有一定的减小。
文摘Novel thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(aryl ether ketone) was synthesized via the random copolycondensation of 4,4′ difluorobenzophenone, 4,4′ biphenol and tert butylhydroquinone. The results of differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing light microscope and X ray diffraction confirmed the liquid crystalline property of the polymer. The polymer may be of great use in blending with normal poly(aryl ether ketone)s.
