Preparation of high-purity monodisperse silica microspheres by the sol-gel method coupled with polymerization-induced colloid aggregation

Ultra-pure mesoporous silica microspheres with good monodispersity were synthesized in two steps： nanometer-sized silica sol was produced by the sol-gel process, then micrometer-sized silica microspheres were synthesized by polymerization-induced colloid aggregation of the silica sol. The total metal content of the microspheres was extremely low, which eliminated the tailing of chromatographic peaks by chelating reagents. The pore structure of the silica microspheres could be controlled by altering the sol-gel conditions. The silica microsphere particle size could be adjusted by using different polymerizationinduced colloid aggregation conditions.

An oxygenating colloidal bioink for the engineering of biomimetic tissue constructs

Ensuring a sufficient oxygen supply is pivotal for the success of bioprinting applications since it fosters tissue integration and natural regeneration.Variation in oxygen concentration among diverse tissues necessitates the precise recreation of tissue-specific oxygen levels in imprinted constructs to support the survival of targeted cells.Although oxygen-releasing biomaterials,such as oxygen-generating microparticles(OMPs),have shown promise for enhancing the oxygen supply of microenvironments in injured tissues,whether this approach is scalable for large tissues and whether tissue-specific bioinks with varying OMP concentrations remain printable remain unknown.This study addresses this critical gap by introducing an innovative class of engineered oxygenated bioinks that combine colloidal-based microgels with OMPs.We report that incorporating nanosized calcium peroxide(nCaO_(2))and manganese oxide nanosheets(nMnO_(2))into hydrophobic polymeric microparticles enables precise modulation of oxygen release while controlling hydrogen peroxide release.Moreover,the fabrication of oxygenating and cytocompatible colloidal gels is achieved using an aqueous two-phase system.This study thoroughly evaluates the fundamental characteristics of the resulting bioink,including its rheological behaviors,printability,shape fidelity,mechanical properties,and oxygen release properties.Moreover,this study demonstrates the macroscopic scalability and cytocompatibility of printed constructs produced via cell-laden oxygenating colloidal bioinks.By showcasing the effectiveness of extrusion-based bioprinting,this study underscores how it can be used to fabricate biomimetic tissues,indicating its potential for new applications.The findings presented here advance the bioprinting field by achieving scalability with both high cell viability and the possibility of mimicking specifically oxygenated tissues.This work thereby offers a promising avenue for the development of functional tissues with enhanced physiological relevance.

Photostability of colloidal single photon emitter in near-infrared regime at room temperature

The photostability of a colloidal single photon emitter in near-infrared regime at room temperature is investigated.The fluorescence lifetime,blinking phenomenon,and anti-bunching effect of a single CdTeSe/ZnS quantum dot with an emission wavelength of 800 nm at room temperature are studied.The second-order correlation function at zero delay time is much smaller than 0.1,which proves that the emission from single quantum dots at 800 nm is a highly pure single-photon source.The effects of the irradiation duration on the fluorescence from single quantum dots are analyzed.The experimental results can be explained by a recombination model including a multi-nonradiative recombination center model and a multi-charged model.

Special Issue:Carbohydrate Hydrocolloids in Food Systems:from Structure to Human Health

Preface Carbohydrate hydrocolloids mainly refer to the carbohydrate polymers and oligomers that can form colloidal systems when dispersed in water.A great variety of these poly saccharides and oligosaccharides are used as functional food additives,such as starch,modified starch,pectin,xanthan,carrageenans,gellan gum,alginate,galactomannans(e.g.,guar gum and locust bean gum),gum Arabic or acacia gum,gum karaya,gum tragacanth,carboxymethyl cellulose,and various oligosaccharides,to name but a few.

A Furan-Substituted Polymeric Hole-Transporting Material for Energy Level Regulation and Less Planarity in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells

For efficient colloidal quantum dot(CQD)solar cells(CQD-SCs),thiol-passivated p-type CQDs are generally used as a hole-transporting material(HTM);however,there are issues with the control of optoelectrical properties,low thiol passivation rate,and poor morphology with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of approximately 11%.Although polymeric HTMs have been introduced to address these issues,maximizing efficiency and achieving green-solvent processability and thermal stability for commercialization is necessary.Here,we synthesize a novel benzodifuran(BDF)-based HTM(asy-ranPBTBDF)showing an electron-deficient state,low steric hindrance,and low planarity compared to those of a typical benzodithiophene(BDT)-based HTM(asy-ranPBTBDT).BDF properties lead to deep high occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels,closeπ-πstacking,excellent solubility,and amorphous properties related to efficiency,green-solvent processability,and thermal stability.With these benefits,the asy-ranPBTBDF-based CQD-SC showed enhanced open-circuit voltage(Voc)(0.65 V)and PCE(13.29%)compared to those of the asy-ranPBTBDT-based device(0.63 V and 12.22%)in toxic processes with chlorobenzene.The asy-ranPBTBDF-based CQD-SC showed a PCE of 12.51%in a green-solvent process with 2-methylanisole and improved thermal stability at 80℃(83.8%retaining after 24 h)owing to less lateral crystallization than the asy-ranPBTBDT-based device(60.8%retaining after 24 h).

Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid On-Site Detection of Tetracycline in Seawater

Recently increasing concerns from the scientists and public have been paid for seawater pollution due to tetracycline(TC)overuse in maricultural area.However,there are few methods or instruments that can be used for specific and rapid detection of this antibiotic in seawater.In this study,the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay(CG-ICA)was used to achieve this goal.A commercialized monoclonal antibody against TC(anti-TC mAb)was selected because of its higher sensitivity(half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.38μgL^(-1)).The prepared CG particles(average diameter of 20 nm)were used to label anti-TC mAb at pH 8.0.The conjugate pad was formed by spraying the CG-labeled anti-TC mAb on a glass fibre membrane followed by proper dryness.The test pad was made by immobilizing artificial antigen and anti-mouse mAb in the test line and the control line,respectively,in a nitrocellulose membrane.The test strip,assembled with sample pad,conjugate pad,test pad and absorbent pad,could be used to detect TC during seawater sample flowing through these components in turn.The results could be observed by the naked eye in 10min.The visible limit of detection(vLOD)was 20μgL^(-1) for TC in seawater.The CG-ICA test results were in good agreement with those of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The assay also showed that,oxytetracycline(OTC)and chlortetracycline(CTC),as the structural analogues of TC,did not interfere with TC determination.Furthermore,the TC concentration given by test strip could not be affected by the fluctuation of temperature(10℃–30℃),pH(7–9)and salinity(0–40)of seawater.Therefore,CG-ICA is a suitable tool for rapid,on-site,and semi-quantitative detection of TC in seawater.

Characterization and stability of sedimentary colloids in different ecology regions in Taihu Lake

Colloidal particles,heterogeneous mixture with various organic components and continuous molecular weight(MW)distribution,is omnipresent in lake sediments and substantially influence the retention,transportation,and fate of contaminants in lake ecosystem.We sampled and extracted sedimentary colloids from different ecology regions in Taihu Lake,Jiangsu,East China,in June 2020,and they were further separated into four different particle size ranges by tangent ultrafiltration,and the properties of colloids were studied in various methods,including zeta potential analysis,transmission electron micrograph images(TEM),Fourier transformation infrared(FTIR),and 3D fluorescence.Results show that the surface of the colloids is covered with organic macromolecular substances,such as humuslike substances and protein-like substances.There were significant differences in molecular weight and fraction content of colloids in the sediments from macrophyte-dominant(MD)area and algae-dominant(AD)area in the lake.Colloids from MD area are mainly composed of humic acid,protein,and fulvic acid;the content of fulvic acid is lower than that of humic acid and protein.The humic acid exists mainly in small molecular weight(10-100 kDa),protein exists in mainly large molecular weight colloids(0.45-1μm).Colloids from AD area are mainly composed of humic acid,and mainly distributed in the molecular weight(10 kDa-0.45μm).The presence of humic acid inhibits effectively the agglomeration of the colloids.Especially,the stability of colloids is closely related to the molecular weight,with low molecular weight from MD area show higher stability.The existence of humic acid in colloids increases the electrostatic repulsion between colloidal particles,which can effectively inhibit the agglomeration of colloids,thus enhancing the stability of colloids.Furthermore,both monovalent and divalent electrolytes enhance colloidal aggregation,and the low-molecular-weight(LMW)colloid fraction exhibits higher stability efficiency than the high-molecular-weight(HMW)colloidal.

Review of roll-to-roll fabrication techniques for colloidal quantum dot solar cells

Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are of great interest to photovoltaic(PV)technologies as they possess the benefits of solution-processability,size-tunability,and roll-to-roll manufacturability,as well as unique capabilities to harvest near-infrared(NIR)radiation.During the last decade,lab-scale CQD solar cells have achieved rapid improvement in the power conversion efficiency(PCE)from~1%to 18%,which will potentially exceed 20%in the next few years and approach the performance of other PV technologies,such as perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells.In the meanwhile,CQD solar cells exhibit long lifetimes either under shelf storage or continuous operation,making them highly attractive to industry.However,in order to meet the industrial requirements,mass production techniques are necessary to scale up the fabrication of those lab devices into large-area PV modules,such as roll-to-toll coating.This paper reviews the recent developments of large-area CQD solar cells with a focus on various fabrication methods and their principles.It covers the progress of typical large-area coating techniques,including spray coating,blade coating,dip coating,and slot-die coating.It also discusses next steps and new strategies to accomplish the ultimate goal of the low-cost large-area fabrication of CQD solar cells and emphasizes how artificial intelligence or machine learning could facilitate the developments of CQD solar cell research.

基于Web of Science对土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究的计量分析

为全面了解土壤胶体影响重金属行为方向的研究现状和前沿动态,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库,利用WoS自带分析工具、HistCite引文图谱分析软件、VOSviewer和Citespace可视化分析软件对1990—2021年间土壤胶体影响重金属行为的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明,在世界范围内该方向的发文量逐年稳步增长,我国相关研究起步较晚,但近些年呈现迅猛发展的势头。目前土壤胶体影响重金属行为研究发文量最多的国家和研究机构分别是美国和中国科学院,发文量最高的期刊为Environmental Science&Technology,主要研究学科为环境科学与生态学的交叉学科。关键词聚类分析显示“土壤胶体颗粒粒径分级与重金属的形态分布”、“土壤胶体的释放、沉积及对重金属的吸附作用”和“土壤胶体颗粒的迁移机制与迁移模型研究”为主要的研究主题,人工纳米颗粒在土壤中的行为、迁移转化以及生物有效性是现阶段的研究热点。利用场流分离技术结合单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱等技术,探讨土壤胶体与人工纳米颗粒之间发生的复杂相互作用及其对人工纳米颗粒迁移归趋与环境命运的影响,是未来的主要研究方向。

吡虫啉和啶虫脒胶体金免疫层析法试纸条性能评估及应用效果探究

目的研究吡虫啉和啶虫脒胶体金免疫层析法试纸条在不同基质中残留量检测的应用效果。方法实验考察了市场上主要流通的5种不同品牌的胶体金免疫层析法试纸条在蔬菜、水果和茶鲜叶基质中的检出限、灵敏度、交叉反应率、特异性、假阳性和假阴性率。结果各品牌胶体金试纸条在3种不同类型基质(白菜、苹果和茶鲜叶)中,检出限浓度水平有假阴性出现,其余浓度水平灵敏度较好;特异性和交叉反应性,结果均为阴性;假阳性率和假阴性率考察中,假阳性率为0%,但有假阴性情况出现。结论胶体金免疫层析法在检测吡虫啉、啶虫脒农药残留时具有简便快捷的特点,在蔬菜、水果基质的检测中,判定结果较为准确可靠;在茶叶基质中,由于基质效应的影响,出现假阴性的机率较高。

饮用水中胶体态污染物的研究进展

饮用水中的污染物经过迁移、吸附、团聚等行为,往往以胶体态形式存在,并作为载体吸附水中其他污染物,对饮用水质造成严重污染.聚焦于饮用水中的胶体态污染物,从胶体态污染物的概念、主要分类、迁移行为和去除效果4个方面,总结和阐述了近年来饮用水中胶体态污染物的研究进展.总结得出,饮用水中呈胶体态的无机物、有机物和微生物往往会与其他污染物吸附、团聚,可能引发胶体泵效应,影响污染物的迁移、富集和去除.在常规饮用水处理工艺中,混凝可有效去除>10μm的胶体态污染物,传统过滤不是去除胶体态污染物的主要工艺.臭氧氧化-活性炭吸附和膜分离等深度处理是去除<10μm胶体态污染物的高效工艺.最后,基于研究现状对胶体态污染物的控制进行了展望,以期为保障饮用水质提供借鉴和帮助.

不同品牌胶体金免疫层析试纸条/卡检测牛羊布鲁氏菌病的效果分析

为比较不同品牌胶体金免疫层析试纸条/卡(简称试纸条/卡)检测牛羊布鲁氏菌病的效果,利用抗体布鲁氏菌阴阳性血清,对6种品牌试纸条/卡的准确性及灵敏度进行观察比较;同时按不同试纸条/卡操作方法对经虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)初筛和竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(cELISA)复核的临床牛羊血清样品进行检测比较。结果显示:不同试纸条/卡对布鲁氏菌企业标准阴阳性血清检出率均为100%,其中2种试纸条/卡敏感性高,对不同稀释倍数阳性血清均可检出;试纸条/卡对临床阴性血清均100%检出,但对临床阳性血清样品的检测结果差异较大,其中对羊阳性血清样品的检出率为5.88%~70.59%,对牛阳性血清样品为50.0%~100.0%。结果表明,不同品牌试纸条/卡在布病检测时存在一定差异。建议使用试纸条/卡进行布鲁氏菌病初筛后,应结合国家相关布病诊断技术进行复检,以确保检测结果的准确性。

压水堆核电厂一回路冷却剂条件110mAg胶体形成机理与制备研究

在模拟压水堆一回路冷却剂条件下,以硼锂溶液为介质、联氨还原硝酸银来制备胶体纳米银,并探究了还原剂、硼酸、Ag+浓度、温度与辐照条件对胶体银性能的影响。结果表明,加入硼酸与还原剂联氨可有效稳定胶体颗粒,联氨与银的摩尔比为1.0~2.0时Ag^(+)的还原率最高,胶体最稳定。随着银离子浓度升高,胶体颗粒表面负电荷增多,颗粒不易团聚,胶体稳定性增强。高温高压的水环境下,更易形成更大粒径的胶粒。辐照剂量在0.9 kGy~7.2 kGy范围内,在有无联氨的条件下均可形成胶体银。

融入探究和思政特色的新胶体电泳实验

本案例以解决传统Fe(OH)_(3)胶体电泳实验中存在的胶体废液浪费、缺乏探究性以及思政育人难融入等局限为出发点,通过发展胶溶法、引入表面带不同电荷AgI胶体制备及其带电性质自主判断环节,守正创新,赋予该实验项目以资源节约、绿色环保、富有探究性等特色。尤其重要的是,本案例通过综合采用任务驱动自主学习、翻转课堂、研讨启发等多种教学模式,将经典基础物理化学实验与提高我国数量巨大但来之不易的钢铁资源的循环利用率和改变学生对胶体带电性质的固有认识有机结合起来,在潜移默化中弘扬/培育了学生“绿色”化学理念、可持续发展责任担当、科学辩证思维素养以及创新精神等。本案例已初步推广应用于本校的胶体电泳实验教学中,教学反响热烈,达到了专业知识、技能传授与课程思政育人相济相长的教学效果;为提升传统实验的专业育人和思政育人效果提供有益借鉴。

绿豆糜/亲水胶体复合物流变学性质及在三维打印吞咽障碍食品中的应用研究

该文以绿豆糜为食物基质,系统研究了黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、κ-卡拉胶、高酯果胶、魔芋葡甘聚糖5种亲水胶体(添加量为绿豆干重的1%)对绿豆糜流变学性质、3D打印性及吞咽性的影响规律。结果表明,添加亲水胶体可有效提升产品的流动应力、剪切稀释性、触变性(除魔芋葡甘聚糖)、蠕变恢复性和凝胶强度,并且减少流动水含量。纯绿豆糜及添加高酯果胶、κ-卡拉胶和阿拉伯胶的绿豆糜打印效果不佳。添加黄原胶和魔芋葡甘聚糖的绿豆糜打印精确度高。吞咽障碍测试结果表明,除纯绿豆糜外,添加亲水胶体的绿豆糜均达到吞咽障碍食品5级-细馅型标准。该研究对深入理解物料流变学特性与3D打印之间的内在关联、丰富吞咽障碍食品的研发手段具有重要价值。

普通化学教学中的建构主义与解构主义思想——以胶体溶液的教学为例

分析了建构主义与解构主义思想的内涵以及与传统结构主义教育观念的差异,并强调两者在教育实践中的互补性与促进作用。以胶体溶液教学为例,探讨了如何利用建构主义与解构主义思想来设计具体的教学案例。教学实践表明,采用建构主义与解构主义思想指导的教学方法能够提升学生对知识的理解和应用能力,同时培养他们的创新思维和社会责任感。

城市地表径流胶体与溶解性有机物下渗共迁移行为

针对城市地表径流胶体与溶解性有机物(DOM)共存特性,考察下渗柱中径流胶体和DOM的出流浓度,分析进水流速、pH值、离子强度和胶体粒径变化时城市地表径流胶体与DOM的共下渗迁移行为.结果表明,径流胶体与DOM结合后,会显著促进对方向下迁移;进水流速越高,径流胶体对DOM的携带迁移越明显,两者的出流浓度越高;进水流速为10 mL·min^(-1)时,径流胶体和DOM的穿透曲线相对峰值浓度分别比5 mL·min^(-1)时提高了3.5%、8.1%;径流胶体-DOM混合溶液在pH值为6时的下渗共迁移速度最快;Na^(+)存在抑制了径流胶体与DOM的下渗共迁移;共存地表径流胶体粒径越小,DOM的下渗出流时间越早、出流峰值浓度越低.

膨润土胶体在处置库围岩裂隙中的扩散模型研究

为了预测膨润土胶体在甘肃北山高放废物深地质处置库围岩裂隙中的扩散过程,提出了综合考虑膨润土胶体颗粒自重与水化力的扩散模型。研究了钠离子浓度、水化力、胶体颗粒自重以及蒙脱石体积分数对膨润土胶体的扩散过程和扩散系数的影响。研究结果表明:随着钠离子浓度的增加,膨润土胶体的扩散速率与扩散距离均减小。胶体颗粒自重越大,对扩散的影响越大。随着扩散的进行,水化力对扩散的影响逐渐减小,范德华力和扩散双电层力对扩散的影响逐渐增大,膨润土胶体的扩散系数整体表现为先减小后增大。当蒙脱石体积分数较小时(φ<0.45),随着钠离子浓度的增加,扩散系数整体上逐渐增大;当蒙脱石体积分数较大时(φ>0.45),钠离子浓度对扩散系数的影响较小。

早期香蕉枯萎病Foc4双探针核酸纸基检测传感器研制

为实现对早期香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种(fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense 4, Foc4)的准确检测,该研究提出一种基于胶体金的双探针纸基传感器。该传感器将2种不同粒径的胶体金分别与检测探针和信号增强探针结合,利用DNA探针代替抗原和抗体,形成双探针体系,通过增加信号增强探针降低检测限。基于目标序列与双探针体系的碱基互补配对形成“金标探针-目标序列-T线探针”复合物并在传感器的测试区被捕获,10 min内形成肉眼可见的目标产物,通过分析测试条带得到光强度峰面积并代入标准曲线中,实现Foc4定量检测。试验结果表明,双探针纸基传感器的检测限达到0.001 nmol/L,是传统纸基传感器的100倍,提高了检测灵敏度;在0.001~1 000.000 nmol/L范围内,Foc4浓度与测试线光强度峰面积呈线性关系;使用高浓度非互补探针进行试验干扰,发现非互补序列对检测效果基本无影响,表明该传感器具有较好的特异性;香蕉叶片Foc4检测的平均回收率为77.6%~102.3%,相对标准偏差为7.4%~7.7%。与传统形态学观察等检测方法相比,该研究提出的双探针核酸纸基检测传感器可以及时、快速、准确地判断早期Foc4的存在,具有良好的推广性和实际应用价值。

纳米硅溶胶改良辽宁台安砂土的抗液化性能研究

辽宁台安砂土属于易液化砂,提升其抗液化性能具有重要的工程意义。文章针对纳米硅溶胶(CS)对辽宁台安砂土抗液化性能的改良效果进行探究,通过不排水动三轴试验,对纯砂样和改良砂样的液化特性进行对比研究,分析CS浓度和固化时间两个参量对改良砂样动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)CS能够显著提升台安砂土的抗液化性能,在动载作用下改良砂样均未发生液化破坏。(2)随CS浓度和固化时间的增加,试样动孔压u_(d)、动应变ε_(d)呈现先迅速下降后趋于平缓的发展规律;当CS浓度增至4%、固化时间达到3周后,试样抗液化性能的提升效果不再明显。(3)改良砂样的滞回曲线变得更加稳定。随CS浓度增加,阻尼先降低后趋于稳定,动弹性模量逐渐增大并趋于平缓,但伴随有一定的波动;随固化时间增大,阻尼呈减小趋势,动弹性模量呈增大趋势。研究成果可为辽宁台安地区砂土液化治理提供参考依据。