Neutrophils,the most abundant leukocytes in human blood,are essential fighter immune cells against microbial infection.Based on the finding that neutrophils can either restrict or promote cancer progression,tumor-asso...Neutrophils,the most abundant leukocytes in human blood,are essential fighter immune cells against microbial infection.Based on the finding that neutrophils can either restrict or promote cancer progression,tumor-associated neutrophils(TAN)are classified into anti-tumor N1 and pro-tumor N2 subsets.One of the major mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting function of N2-TANs is suppression of adaptive immune cells,in particular,cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Currently,no established methodologies are available that can unequivocally distinguish immunosuppressive TANs and granulocytic/polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells(G/PMN-MDSC).In view of the critical role of PMN-MDSCs in immune evasion and resistance to cancer immunotherapy,as established from data obtained with diverse cancer models,therapeutic strategies targeting these cells have been actively developed to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.Here,we have reviewed the available literature on strategies targeting PMN-MDSCs and summarized the findings into four categories:(1)depletion of existing PMN-MDSCs,(2)blockade of the development of PMNMDSCs,(3)blockade of PMN-MDSC recruitment,(4)inhibition of immunosuppressive function.Owing to their high mobility to inflamed organs and ability to trespass the blood-brain barrier,neutrophils are outstanding candidate carriers in nanoparticle-based therapies.Another attractive application of neutrophils in cancer therapy is the use of neutrophil membrane-derived nanovesicles as a surrogate of extracellular vesicles for more efficient and scalable drug delivery.In the second part of the review,we have highlighted recent advances in the field of neutrophil-based cancer drug delivery.Overall,we believe that neutrophil-based therapeutics are a rapidly growing area of cancer therapy with significant potential benefits.展开更多
By determining the plasma levels of C3, C4, factor B and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of the patients who received CPB, the path of complement activation and changes of PMNs were studied. The results suggest t...By determining the plasma levels of C3, C4, factor B and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of the patients who received CPB, the path of complement activation and changes of PMNs were studied. The results suggest that complement system was activated through alternative pathway during CPB and was activated through classic pathway after CPB. The anaphylatoxin, the products of complement activation may be responsible for the polymorphonuclear neutrocytopenia.展开更多
Photobiomodulation(PBM)has been reported to have effects on respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs),but little focus was on the individual differences of human PMNs.The latter was investigated in this...Photobiomodulation(PBM)has been reported to have effects on respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs),but little focus was on the individual differences of human PMNs.The latter was investigated in this study.The PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of 13 volunteers(10 ordinary persons,3 athletes)and treated by red light(640±15 nm)from light emitting diodes(RLED)at 50,100,300,500 and 1000 J/m^(2)for 100 seconds,respectively.Blood samples of athletes were extracted at different running stages in 10 km non-interrupted long-distance running,before running,1 hour after running began,just finishing the running,resting for 1 hour and 2 hours after running.The PMN respiratory burst was assessed by the nitroblue tetrazolium test.It was found that there were three types of RLED PBM on the respiratory burst of 3 types of PMNs,respectively,inducing for the subactivated PMNs,inhibiting for the overactivated PMNs and none for the PMNs in homeostasis.It was then concluded that there may be RLED PBM on dysfunctional human PMNs while none on those in homeostasis,and RLED at 300 J/m^(2)for 100 seconds may have bi-direction modulation on PMN respiratory burst.展开更多
基金partly supported by a graduate fellowship from China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201708340071)partly supported by a Career Catalyst Research Grant(Grant No.18548293)from the Susan G.Komen Foundation+1 种基金a Cancer Research Grant from the Mary Kay Foundationa Research Grant from the Elsa U.Pardee Foundation。
文摘Neutrophils,the most abundant leukocytes in human blood,are essential fighter immune cells against microbial infection.Based on the finding that neutrophils can either restrict or promote cancer progression,tumor-associated neutrophils(TAN)are classified into anti-tumor N1 and pro-tumor N2 subsets.One of the major mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting function of N2-TANs is suppression of adaptive immune cells,in particular,cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Currently,no established methodologies are available that can unequivocally distinguish immunosuppressive TANs and granulocytic/polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells(G/PMN-MDSC).In view of the critical role of PMN-MDSCs in immune evasion and resistance to cancer immunotherapy,as established from data obtained with diverse cancer models,therapeutic strategies targeting these cells have been actively developed to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.Here,we have reviewed the available literature on strategies targeting PMN-MDSCs and summarized the findings into four categories:(1)depletion of existing PMN-MDSCs,(2)blockade of the development of PMNMDSCs,(3)blockade of PMN-MDSC recruitment,(4)inhibition of immunosuppressive function.Owing to their high mobility to inflamed organs and ability to trespass the blood-brain barrier,neutrophils are outstanding candidate carriers in nanoparticle-based therapies.Another attractive application of neutrophils in cancer therapy is the use of neutrophil membrane-derived nanovesicles as a surrogate of extracellular vesicles for more efficient and scalable drug delivery.In the second part of the review,we have highlighted recent advances in the field of neutrophil-based cancer drug delivery.Overall,we believe that neutrophil-based therapeutics are a rapidly growing area of cancer therapy with significant potential benefits.
文摘By determining the plasma levels of C3, C4, factor B and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of the patients who received CPB, the path of complement activation and changes of PMNs were studied. The results suggest that complement system was activated through alternative pathway during CPB and was activated through classic pathway after CPB. The anaphylatoxin, the products of complement activation may be responsible for the polymorphonuclear neutrocytopenia.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(60478048,60178003 and 69778003)the Opening Project of MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China.
文摘Photobiomodulation(PBM)has been reported to have effects on respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs),but little focus was on the individual differences of human PMNs.The latter was investigated in this study.The PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of 13 volunteers(10 ordinary persons,3 athletes)and treated by red light(640±15 nm)from light emitting diodes(RLED)at 50,100,300,500 and 1000 J/m^(2)for 100 seconds,respectively.Blood samples of athletes were extracted at different running stages in 10 km non-interrupted long-distance running,before running,1 hour after running began,just finishing the running,resting for 1 hour and 2 hours after running.The PMN respiratory burst was assessed by the nitroblue tetrazolium test.It was found that there were three types of RLED PBM on the respiratory burst of 3 types of PMNs,respectively,inducing for the subactivated PMNs,inhibiting for the overactivated PMNs and none for the PMNs in homeostasis.It was then concluded that there may be RLED PBM on dysfunctional human PMNs while none on those in homeostasis,and RLED at 300 J/m^(2)for 100 seconds may have bi-direction modulation on PMN respiratory burst.
