Alkalibacillus halophilus subsp. hitensis subsp. nov.:A new subspecies of moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a chemical plant in China

In order to develop halophilic microorganism resources to improve environment, a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain JSA1 was obtained from the waste water sample collected from Jinhong Chemical Plant at Weihai city, by the methods of quick isolation and screening of halophilie bacteria. Systematic studies on it were carried out. Results show that the strain JSA1 is bacillus. The temperature range most suitable for its growth is 29 - 35 ℃ and the most suitable pH is 6. 5 - 9. 0. It can grow well at the salt mass concentration of 30 - 150 g/L. The C ＋ G mole fraction of its DNA is 37.5%. The analytical result of 16S rRNA gene sequence reveals that this strain has the closest relationship with Alkalibacillus halophilus （DQ359731） of Alkalibacillts. Their similarities are as high as 99%. However, they have obvious differences in aspects of whole-cell main fatty acid components, cell size, cell morphology, motility, oxidase, gelatine liquefication, NaCl tolerance range, pH tolerance range, G ＋ C mole fraction, sole carbon source, sole nitrogen source, antibiotic sensitivity and strain source. Comparing with other species of the same genus, differences of this strain are even more obvious. In view of muhiple identification results, we believe this strain is a new subspecies ofAlkalibacillus halophilus and name it Alkalibacillus halophilus subsp, hitensis subsp, nov.

The ApMat marker can resolve Colletotrichum species: a case study with Mangifera indica

Anthracnose disease caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex is a major problem worldwide.In this study,we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 207 Indian Colletotrichum isolates,associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of mango,belonging to this species complex.Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on a 6-gene dataset(act,cal,chs1,gapdh,ITS and tub2),followed by ApMat sequence-analysis.The ApMat-based phylogeny was found to be superior as it provided finer resolution in most of the species-level clades.Importantly,the ApMat marker identified seven lineages within C.siamense sensu lato,including C.jasmini-sambac,C.hymenocallidis,C.melanocaulon,C.siamense sensu stricto and three undesignated,potentially novel lineages.In this study,C.fragariae sensu stricto,C.fructicola,C.jasmini-sambac,C.melanocaulon and five undesignated,potentially novel lineages were found to be associated with mango tissues.There is a need to develop a consensus among mycologists as to which genes should be used to define and delimit a Colletotrichum species and in the mean time mycologists should voluntarily restrain from describing new species based on inadequate datasets.

Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with mango in northeastern Brazil

Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with Mangifera indica(mango)are poorly understood.In this study,Colletotrichum species were isolated from mango in Pernambuco State,Brazil.There were significant differences in isolation frequencies of Colletotrichum species among sites and plant tissues.Mature leaf blades were colonized by most Colletotrichum isolates at the majority of sites.Partial sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)of 97 Colletotrichum isolates were amplified as an initial measure of genetic diversity.Phylogenetic analysis with a subset of 22 isolates were performed based on a multilocus dataset(ACT,TUB2,CAL,CHS-1,GAPDH,ITS)followed by Apn2/MAT IGS sequence-analysis for isolates within the C.gloeosporioides species complex.Molecular analysis associated with phenotypic characteristics revealed six previously described species[C.asianum,C.cliviae,C.dianesei(syn.C.melanocaulon),C.fructicola,C.karstii and C.tropicale]and one new species.This new species is introduced as C.endomangiferae.All species isolated were pathogenic on mango fruits but varied in their virulence.There was no distribution pattern of species among sites and plant tissues,although C.asianum was the most prevalent species at all sites and in all plant tissues studied.Five previously reported Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose in mango fruits in northeastern Brazil were also recovered as endophytes.