Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharide peptides protect kidney from renal ischemia reperfusion injury via counteracting oxidative stress

OBJECTIVE Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides(GLPP)have an anti-oxidant activity.The oxidative stress implicates in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI).The objective of this study was to determine whether GLPP could attenuate RIRI via counteracting the oxidative stress.METHODS Mice subjected to uninephrectomy with the right kidney ischemia for 35 min and reperfusion for 24 hwere used to explore the protective activity of GLPP against RIRI.In GLPP-treated group,100mg·kg-1·d-1 of GLPP were intraperitoneally injected for 7dbefore the procedure.In vitro,NRK-52 Ecells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)and tunicamycin were used to explore the protective effect of GLPP against oxidative stress.The mechanisms in which GLPP protected kidney from RIRI were studied using a series of physiological and molecular biological methods.RESULTS Kidneys undergone ischemia-reperfusion showed renal dysfunction and characteristic morphological changes including cellular necrosis,brush border loss,cast formation,vacuolization and tubular dilatation while these damages were significantly attenuated by GLPP treatment.The abnormal levels of MPO,MDA and SOD caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion were significantly reversed by GLPP treatment.More apoptotic cells were found in the renal ischemia-reperfusion group than the sham group whereas GLPP reduced apoptotic cells in the ischemia-reperfusion mice by21.75%(P<0.01).The GLPPs(25-1μg·mL)alleviated H/R induced cell viability loss by 20.12%(P<0.01)andΔφm dissipation by 27.3%(P<0.01)in vitro as well and its pretreatment dramatically reduced H/R and tunicamycin induced cell injury.CONCLUSION Our study found that GLPP had a protective effect on RIRI via its anti-oxidative capacity,which suggests that GLPP may be developed as a candidate drug for preventing acute kidney injury.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide alleviates hepatoteatosis via modulating bile acid metabolism dependent on FXR-SHP/FGF

OBJECTIVE Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide(GLPP)is a group of extract from Ganoderma lucidum with a molecular mass of approximately 5×10^5,which ratio of polysaccharide to peptide is approximately 95%/5%.The purpose of this study was to determine whether GLPP has therapeutic effect on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS Ob/ob mouse model and ApoC3 transgenic mouse model were used for exploring the effect of GLPP on NAFLD.Key metabolic pathways and enzymes were identified by metabolomics combining with KEGG and PIUmet analyses and key enzymes were detected by Western blotting.Hepatosteatosis models of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were used to further confirm the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD.RESULTS GLPP administrated for a month alleviated hepatosteatosis,dyslipidemia,liver dysfunction and liver insulin resistance.Pathways of glycerophos⁃pholipid metabolism,fatty acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis were involved in the therapeutic effect of GLPP on NAFLD.Detection of key enzymes revealed that GLPP reversed low expression of CYP7A1,CYP8B1,FXR,SHP and high expression of FGFR4 in ob/ob mice and ApoC3 mice.Besides,GLPP inhibited fatty acid synthesis by reducing the expression of SREBP1c,FAS and ACC via a FXR-SHP dependent mechanism.Additionally,GLPP reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and the content of TG in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid.CONCLUSION GLPP significantly improves NAFLD via regulating bile acid synthesis dependent on FXR-SHP/FGF pathway,which finally inhibits fatty acid synthesis,indicating that GLPP might be developed as a ther⁃apeutic drug for NAFLD.

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on tumor metastasis in mice with sleep fragmentation

In recent years,studies have shown that there is a correlation between sleep disorders and cancer,but at the present stage,the research on sleep disorders and tumor related animal models is relatively insufficient.Our research will focus on mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 melanoma tumor with sleep fragmentation,detecting promoting effect of sleep fragmentation(SF)on the metastasis of melanoma.At the same time,we used Ganoderma lucidum poly⁃saccharides peptide(GL-pp,80 mg·kg-1),a component of traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum,which has long enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad,to observe its anti-tumor metastasis effects on B16F10-luc-G5 mice with SF.Then we used whole proteomics to analyze the difference proteins expressed in lung tissue and compared between groups,includes mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5,mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 with SF and GL-pp administered mice bearing B16F10-luc-G5 with SF.With the analysis using bioinformatics,we found several key proteins,their genes name are Adcy9,ptk2,Yap1 and Lpin2,Per1 and Tim.And several important clusters,they are,immune system,platelet aggres⁃sion,energy metabolism,cell cytoskeleton,cell adhesion and circadian rhythms.Moreover,we detected the TLR4 signal pathway and macrophage differentiation to reconfirm the results of proteomics and trying to elucidate the mechanism of SF on tumor growth and metastasis and the effects of GL-pp.

Antiviral effect of polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis(PSP) on HSV-2 in vitro

To explore the antiviral effect and mechanism of polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis （PSP） on herpes simplex virus type 2 （HSV-2）, a standard strain of HSV-2 （333 strain） was used to investigate the antiviral effect of PSP in vitro. PSP in various concentrations was applied to different stages of HSV-2 replication cycle. Finally, the virus infectivity （TCID50）, cytopathic effect （CPE）, and MTT staining method for viable cells （MTT assay） were used as markers to evaluate the effect of PSP on HSV-2. The quantity of HSV-DNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （FQ-PCR）. The HSV-2 infected Vero cell tdtrastructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results showed that PSP had little cytotoxic effect on Vero cells, it could not directly inactivate HSV-2 infectivity. PSP not only interfered in adsorption of HSV-2 to Vero cells but also inhibited HSV-2 biosynthesis in the ceils. FQ-PCR results showed that the inhibitory rate on HSV- DNA also increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. TEM also confirmed that PSP exhibited pronounced inhibitory effect on HSV-2. In conclusion, the antiviral effect of PSP on HSV-2 may be attributed to the inhibition of virus adsorption, virus replication and synthesis in cells.

Effects of the polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis on the activities of hepatitis B virus

To investigate the effects of the polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis (PSP) on hepatitis B virus (HBV), the cytotoxic effect of PSP was assessed by choosing the maximal concentration of PSP without cytotoxic effect on HepG2 2.2.15 cell line for further experiments. Four concentrations (400-50 μg/ml) of PSP were adopted to treat the cells, and the supernatants or cells were collected after 24, 48, 72 and 144 h respectively. HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatants of cell cultures were tested with ELISA and copies of HBV DNA in supernatants were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). Meanwhile, DNA/RNA hybridization was performed to evaluate the expression of IFN-α receptor (IFN-αR) on the cells. The experimental results showed that the secretion of HBV antigens decreased under the influence of PSP in a dose and time-dependent manner. PSP in concentration of 400 μg/ml could significantly decrease the secretion of HBsAg in 24 h. Although no obvious effect was observed on the secretion of HBeAg at that time, the inhibitory effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner from 48 to 144 h. In addition, the copies of HBV DNA were declined under the influence of PSP in the same manner, moreover, the maximal suppressive effect of PSP in concentration of 400 μg/ml was as great as that of lamivudine. The expression of IFN-αR was much higher in PSP-treated cells than that of the un-treated cells also in dose and time-dependent manner. It is concluded that PSP in non-cytotoxic concentration not only significantly decreases the secretion of the HBV antigens and the replication of HBV DNA, but also increases the expression of IFN-αR on HepG2 2.2.15 cell line. The results of the present investigation strongly support the notion that PSP exerts the anti-HBV effect both through enhancing the anti-HBV immunity and acting on HBV directly.

螺旋藻多糖（PSP）对免疫功能的影响

小鼠ｉｐＰＳＰ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，连续７ｄ，可明显增加脾重；能显著促进腹腔Ｍ，吞噬功能，单核Ｍ系统清除血液碳粒的速率及血清溶血索的形成；并能显著对抗Ｃｙ所致小鼠胸腺与脾脏萎缩、腹腔Ｍ吞噬功能降低、血清溶血素形成减少及脾抗体形成细胞功能的抑制作用。ＰＳＰ还可显著促进ＣｏｎＡ诱导的体外小鼠淋巴细胞转化，最适剂量为１０μｇ／ｍｌ～１６０μｇ／ｍｌ。另外，ｉｐＰＳＰ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，连续１２ｄ，可明显促进小鼠Ｋ细胞ＡＤＣＣ活性。结果提示ＰＳＰ对小鼠免疫功能有广泛的调节作用。

Involvement of interleukin-2 in analgesia produced by Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptides

目的：研究白细胞介素２（ＩＬ２）和下丘脑内侧基底部（ＭＢＨ）在云芝糖肽（ＰＳＰ）引起镇痛中的作用．方法：采用脑室注射或腹腔注射的方法给ＩＬ２抗血清，采用电解法损毁ＭＢＨ．结果：连续６日ｉｇＰＳＰ１ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１能提高大鼠的电刺激鼠尾引起的嘶叫阈．ＰＳＰ引起的这种镇痛作用能被ｉｃｖＩＬ２抗血清所翻转，但ｉｐ没有作用．电解损毁ＭＢＨ后，该镇痛作用消失．结论：ＰＳＰ能激活ＩＬ２。

一种新的生物效应调节剂──PSP──ⅡPSP的临床学研究

本文报道了ＰＳＰ对４８５例肿瘤患者的巨期临床研究结果，采用随机、双盲法观察了服用ＰＳＰ患者在神疲乏力、食欲不振、口干咽燥、疼痛等临床证候上的效果，结果ＰＳＰ组有明显改善．用Ｋａｒｎｏｆｓｋｙ评分及疗前疗后体重法考察ＰＳＰ对肿瘤患者的生存质量，结果其增加例或稳定例明显高于对照组．测定肿瘤患者治疗前后的ＮＫ细胞活性、ＩＬ－２量及ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８值，结果ＰＳＰ组疗后的ＮＫ细胞活性上升例、ＩＬ－２增加例及ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８才提高例均比对照组有明显增加，表明ＰＳＰ能桔抗化疗或放疗引起的免疫抑制，测定ＰＳＰ对化疗或放疗患者的血象变化，无论其白细胞、血红蛋白或血小板数均与阳性对照组相仿，提示ＰＳＰ和阳性药一样，对血象有一定的保护效应．

鲍鱼内脏废弃物的高值化应用研究进展

鲍鱼作为一种高经济价值的海产品,其肉质鲜美,内脏含有丰富的抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤活性的多糖、肽类和脂质等,因此具有高值化利用潜力。但鲍鱼内脏高值化产业开发尚存重金属去除难、脱腥除臭不易等问题。为推动鲍鱼内脏高值化产业发展,本文从鲍鱼内脏的利用现状、提取技术、生物活性及产业开发的挑战与对策,再到高值化利用瓶颈破解措施,全方位论述鲍鱼内脏高值化产业发展状况。

太子参化学成分及生物活性研究进展

太子参为石竹科植物孩儿参的干燥块根,味甘、微苦,性平,归脾肺经,具有益气健脾、生津润肺之功效,常用于气虚津伤的肺虚燥咳,被国家卫生健康委员会批准用于保健食品。现代药理和临床研究表明,太子参中特征性化学成分多糖和环肽具有免疫调节、抗炎、改善记忆等作用。近年来对太子参的化学成分、结构和药理作用的综述仅局限于特征成分,对其他成分还鲜有系统梳理报道。因此本文系统梳理了太子参的化学成分及生物活性研究进展,以期为太子参的开发利用提供参考和依据。

菌草灵芝多糖肽对闽西南黑兔生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫机能的影响

【目的】研究日粮中添加菌草灵芝多糖肽(JCGLPP)对闽西南黑兔生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响,为JCGLPP在肉兔中的应用提供依据。【方法】选取(33±2)d、初始体质量(655.65±25.90)g、健康状况良好的断奶闽西南黑兔公兔100只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50,100和150 mg/kg JCGLPP的日粮,56 d后统计腹泻率和死亡率,测算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)以及料重比(F/G);屠宰后取背腰最长肌,测定pH值、滴水损失率和剪切力;采集血清,测定总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)质量浓度,尿素氮(UN)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及IgG、IgA、IgM和IL-6质量浓度;计算心脏、肝脏、肾脏、圆小囊、脾脏、胸腺和蚓突器官指数;测定十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜炎性因子IL-1α、IL-2和分泌型免疫球蛋白(sIgA)质量浓度及肠道淀粉酶、纤维素酶和胰蛋白酶活性。【结果】①各组间兔的终末体质量、平均日增重、平均采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组兔的腹泻率和死亡率最高,Ⅱ组兔的腹泻率显著低于对照(P<0.05)。②试验组兔肌肉的pH、滴水损失和剪切力均与对照无显著差异(P>0.05)。③Ⅱ组兔血液中的TP、ALB质量浓度及SOD、GSH-Px活性显著高于对照(P<0.05),而UN和MDA浓度显著低于对照(P<0.05)。④Ⅱ组兔血液中的IgG、IgA、IgM质量浓度均显著高于对照(P<0.05),而IL-6质量浓度各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。⑤各组兔免疫器官指数差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组兔十二指肠、空肠、回肠IL-1α、IL-2和sIgA质量浓度大多显著高于对照(P<0.05),肠道淀粉酶活性均显著低于对照(P<0.05),Ⅰ组兔的肠道纤维素酶和胰蛋白酶活性、Ⅱ组兔的肠道胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照(P<0.05)。【结论】JCGLPP对闽西南黑兔的促生长作用不明显,但能提高机体的抗氧化和免疫能力,降低腹泻率和死亡率,添加量以100 mg/kg为宜。

黄精皂苷与多糖超声辅助提取工艺优化及降血糖活性研究

目的:以黄精为原料,开发高效协同提取黄精皂苷(Polygonatum sibiricum sponins,PSSs)和多糖(Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides,PSPs)的工艺,并考察提取物及其复合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制活性。方法:采用超声波法辅助复合酶解提取PSSs和PSPs,考察超声料液比、超声时间、超声温度、酶解时间、酶添加量、酶解料液比、热水提取温度及热水提取时间等因素对PSSs、PSPs得率的影响,并利用Box-Behnken试验进行优化。结果:PSSs和PSPs的最佳协同提取工艺条件为超声温度50℃,超声时间50 min,超声料液比1∶25(g/mL),酶解时间2 h,酶添加量3053 U/g,酶解料液比1∶25(g/mL),热水提取温度80℃,热水提取时间1 h,此条件下,两步提取PSSs总得率为12.22%,PSPs得率为27.07%;PSSs和PSPs对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性均具有抑制作用,且二者复合后仍具有较好的抑制作用。结论:经优化后获得了黄精皂苷和多糖高效协同提取的工艺条件,且与单一组分相比,二者复合后降血糖活性有所提高。

螺旋藻酸性杂多糖的分离纯化和分析

螺旋藻藻粉经热水抽提 ,乙醇沉淀 ,Sevag法去蛋白质 ,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)沉淀得酸性杂多糖 ,再经 DEAE-纤维素柱层析分级纯化两次得多糖 PSP1 和 PSP2 。 PSP1 和 PSP2 经 HPL C的 CarbohydrateAnalysis柱层析为单一对称峰 ,证明为均一多糖。纸层析和硫酸 -咔唑反应分析表明 :PSP1 主要由 D-半乳糖、D-甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸及 D-葡萄糖四种残基组成 ,比例为 2 .1∶ 3.0∶ 1.9∶ 2 .8;PSP2 主要由 D-甘露糖和葡萄糖醛酸两种残基组成 ,比例为 6 .2∶ 3.8。由粘度法测得其分子量分别为 12 40 0和 16 80 0。IR、1 HNMR和 1 3CNMR证明 :SP11 主要含α型糖苷键及部分β型糖苷键 ,PSP2 主要含α型糖苷键。

苦瓜保健功能的研究进展

苦瓜作为一种药食两用植物,其富含苦瓜多糖、皂苷、多肽、黄酮类化合物等多种活性成分,具有辅助降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、增强免疫力及预防肥胖等保健功能。文章综述了国内外学者对苦瓜活性成分和保健功能的研究进展,并对其进行了展望。

黄精多糖的生物活性研究

目的:研究黄精多糖(PSP)的生物活性。方法:1.饲料中添加PSP,测定PSP对小鼠血脂的影响;2.测定ig PSP对小鼠的抗衰老作用;3.测定ig PSP对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果:1.PSP可预防和治疗小鼠高脂血症,降低小鼠血中的胆固醇以及甘油三酯含量;2.PSP可提高7月龄小鼠全血中SOD以及GSH-Px的活性,降低小鼠心、肝、脑组织中LF和MDA含量;3.PSP可提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数;增加小鼠溶血素的生成;增加正常小鼠DTH反应以及恢复免疫功能低下小鼠的DTH反应。结论:PSP具有降低血脂、延缓小鼠衰老以及增强小鼠免疫功能等作用。

螺旋藻抗肿瘤组分的研究进展

螺旋藻营养丰富,可以补充人体蛋白质和维生素,现多以片剂和保健饮料出现,长久以来并未发现它有何毒副作用。此外,其中的多糖、藻蓝蛋白及蛋白酶解多肽的生物活性亦受到广泛关注。本文综述了螺旋藻多糖、藻蓝蛋白及蛋白酶解多肽的抗肿瘤作用及其机理。

螺旋藻多糖抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

报道了从钝顶螺旋藻中提取的一种水溶性多糖类化合物 ,即钝顶螺旋藻多糖(PSP)抗肿瘤作用的实验研究。体外实验结果表明 ,随PSP浓度增加 ,肿瘤细胞存活率逐渐降低 ,抑制率逐渐增加。体内实验 ,结果显示 ,PSP在 5 0～ 2 0 0mg/kg的剂量范围对小鼠S 1 80肉瘤 ,均有一定的抑制作用。提示PSP可通过全面调节机体的免疫功能 ,刺激T细胞。

微藻生物活性物质在食品工业中的应用进展

微藻能产多种生物活性物质,其中一些可以作为功能性食品的添加剂。一些微藻能积累大量人体所需的超长链不饱和脂肪酸,包括花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。尽管利用微藻生产DHA技术已得到商业化应用,其他超长链不饱和脂肪酸仍尚不能通过微藻商业化生产。微藻中的多糖是微藻的细胞结构成分、储能物质或充当其他生理功能,它们通常具有粘弹性等流变特性,因此它们不仅可以作为保健食品的功能因子,还适合作果冻和饮料的配料。类胡萝卜素、藻胆蛋白和叶绿素等色素,具有生物活性,可作为具有保健作用的食品着色剂。一些微藻类胡萝卜素已经能够商业化生产,但是像叶绿素等其他微藻色素的工业化生产技术仍待开发。微藻还能合成多种具有抗病毒、抗氧化和血管紧张素转换酶抑制活性的肽,一些生物活性肽也可通过水解微藻蛋白获得。本文综述了微藻的生物活性物质以及这些活性成分在功能性食品中应用的可能性。

新云芝糖肽对S180荷瘤小鼠环磷酰胺化疗的增效减毒作用

目的:观察云芝糖肽(polysaccharide peptide,PSP)对S180荷瘤小鼠环磷酰胺(cyclophospamide,CTX)化疗后的增效减毒作用,探讨相关免疫学机制,并比较PSP新旧产品(PSP2、PSP1)的作用差异。方法:建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,设荷瘤模型组,CTX对照治疗组,CTX+PSP2低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800mg/kg)、CTX+PSP1中剂量组(400mg/kg),单用PSP2、PSP1中剂量组(400mg/kg),另设正常对照组。观察小鼠存活时间、抑瘤率、血常规、胸腺指数、脾指数、骨髓有核细胞数以及FCM法检测脾脏T细胞亚群分类。结果:PSP2(高剂量组)联用CTX能延长小鼠生存期(P<0.05);单用PSP2、PSP1有抑瘤作用,能提高抑瘤率(P<0.05);PSP2、PSP1联用CTX都能明显增强抑瘤作用,提高抑瘤率(P<0.05或0.01),且PSP2、PSP1对CTX毒性所致的骨髓和免疫抑制均有保护或促进恢复的作用;单用PSP2、PSP1都能提高脾细胞CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值,联用CTX对该比值也能提高(P<0.05,PSP2中剂量联用CTX)或有提高趋势。结论:PSP2、PSP1的抑瘤作用和对CTX化疗的增效减毒作用与其提高脾细胞CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值有关,在抑瘤增效与免疫调节方面PSP2比PSP1更具优势。

螺旋藻多糖降血糖活性实验研究

昆明种小鼠灌胃以螺旋藻多糖 (PSP) 10 0 m g/ kg,2 0 0 mg/ kg,连续 10 d。结果发现其对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响 ,而相同剂量的 PSP对链脲佐菌素性糖尿病小鼠高血糖有明显的降低作用 ,与糖尿病模型对照组相比 ,PSP10 0mg/ kg,2 0 0 m g/ kg的血糖降低率分别为 2 3.6 %与 30 .1% ,差异非常显著。另外 ,相同剂量的 PSP还可显著对抗肾上腺素及葡萄糖所致小鼠血糖升高 ,表明 PSP可拮抗肾上腺素刺激肝糖原分解作用及抑制葡萄糖在小鼠肠道的吸收。上述结果提示 PSP具有一定的降血糖活性 。