Advances in Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels from Seaweed-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides:Carrageenan,Fucoidan,and Ulvan

Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds,including Carrageenan,Fucoidan and Ulvan,are crucial bioactive compounds known for their diverse beneficial properties,such as anti-inflammatory,antitumor,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anticoagulant effects.These polysaccharides form hydrogels hold immense promise in biomedicine,particularly in tissue engineering,drug delivery systems and wound healing.This review comprehensively explores the sources and structural characteristics of the three important sulfated polysaccharides extracted from different algae species.It elucidates the gelation mechanisms of these polysaccharides into hydrogels.Furthermore,the biomedical applications of these three sulfated polysaccharide hydrogels in wound healing,drug delivery,and tissue engineering are discussed,highlighting their potential in the biomedicine.

Sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides exert immunomodulatory potential on macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways

The biological activity of plant polysaccharides can be enhanced by sulfated modification.In this study,the immunomodulatory effect of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides(SCP3)on macrophages RAW264.7 and its potential molecular mechanism were investigated.Results showed that SCP3 at 25-100μg/m L increased viability and improved phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells.Meanwhile,SCP3 could activate mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathways,which increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2,JNK,p38 and NF-κB p65,promoting secretion of cytokines tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6)and nitric oxide(NO)as well as the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)receptor inhibitors were able to block the production of NO and TNF-αby SCP3-stimulated macrophages.Based on Western blot analysis and validation using specific inhibitors against MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways,the results demonstrated that SCP3 induced macrophages activation and enhanced TNF-αand NO production via TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways.In summary,SCP3 has significant immunomodulatory potential.The underlying molecular mechanism was that SCP3 activates macrophages via TLR4 receptors to promote ROS production,which in turn activates the downstream MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and then increases the secretion levels of cytokines and NO.

In Vitro Anti-influenza Virus Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharide Fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis

In this paper, in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiforrnis were investigated. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides （PGL）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-1 （GL-1）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-2 （GL-2） and Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-3 （GL-3） were studied by the Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method, and the inhibitory effect against Human influenza virus H1-364 induced cytopathic effect （CPE） on MDCK cells were observed by the CPE method. In addition, the antiviral mechanism of PGL was explored by Plaque forming unit （PFU）, MTT and CPE methods. The results showed： i） Cytotoxicities were not significantly revealed, and H1-364 induced CPE was also reduced treated with sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis; ii） Antiviral activities were associated with the mass percentage content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions, which was about 13%, in polysaccharides （PGL and GL-2） both of which exhibited higher antiviral activity; iii） A potential antiviral mechanism to explain these observations is that viral adsorption and replication on host cells were inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. In conclusion, Anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis were revealed, and the antiviral activities were associated with content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions

Sulfated polysaccharides with antioxidant and anticoagulant activity from the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogliva

Sea cucumber is a traditional nutritional food and medicinal resource with many bioactive components in China. Holothuriafuscogliva is a big sea cucumber with a rich of bioactive polysaccharides. To investigate the bioactivities of the polysaccharides from sea cucumber H. fuscogliva, we prepared the sulfated polysaccharides （HfP） from sea cucumber H. fuscogliva using a protease hydrolysis method. Antioxidant activities of HfP were investigated, including hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity. And, the anticoagulant activities of HfP were studied, including the activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, prothrombin time （PT） and thrombin time （TT）. The average molecular weight was 1 867.1 Da, with a sulfate content of 20.7%. In addition, the molar ratio of monosaccharide composition of HfP was Man： Rha： Glc A： Glc： Gal： Xyl： Fuc=0.083 6： 0.437： 0.134： 0： 1.182： 0.748： 1. It had a strong antioxidant activity, the hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity ECs0 of HfP was 3.74 and 0.037 mg/mL, respectively. It also showed a good anticoagulant activity in our study. The APTT of HfP was much higher than that of heparin sodium, and the PT and TT of HfP was close to that ofheparin sodium at a low concentration. Therefore, HfP shows a good antioxidant and anticoagulant activity and it may become a potential candidate of the natural antioxidant and anticoagulant and will have a good application future in health product or medicine industry.

Microanalysis and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies of a sulfated polysaccharide from Laminariajaponica

A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with post-column fluorescence derivatization has been developed to determine the amount of low-molecular- weight sulfated polysaccharide （GFS） in vivo. The metabolism of GFS has been shown to fit a two component model following its administration by intravenous injection, and its pharmacokinetic parameters were determined to be as follows： half-time of distribution phase （t1/2α）=11.2±2.93 min, half-time of elimination phase （tl/2α）=98.20±25.78 min, maximum concentration （Cmax）=110.53 gg/mL and peak time （Tmax）=5 min. The pharmacokinetic behavior of GFS was also investigated following intragastric administration. However, the concentration of GFS found in serum was too low for detection, and GFS could only be detected for up to 2 h after intragastric administration （200 mg/kg body weight）. Thus, the bioavailability of GFS was low following intragastric administration because of the metabolism of GFS. In conclusion, HPLC with post-column derivatization could be used for quantitative microanalysis and pharmacokinetic studies to determine the presence of polysaccharides in the serum following intravenous injection.

Inhibition of the Crystal Growth and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate by Algae Sulfated Polysaccharide In-vitro

The influence of sulfated polysaccharide （SPS） isolated from marine algae Sargassum fusiforme on the morphology and phase compositions of urinary crystal calcium oxalate was investigated in vitro by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. SPS maybe is a potential inhibitor to CaOxa urinary stones by inhibiting the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate （COM）, preventing the aggregation of COM, and inducing the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate （COD） crystals.

Chemical Characteristics and Anticoagulant Activities of Two Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha linza (Chlorophyta)

Two sulfated polysaccharides, designated MP and SP, were extracted from the marine green alga Enteromorpha linza using hot water and then purified using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of MP and SP were examined by determination of their activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, thrombin time （TT） and prothrombin time （PT） using human plasma. Results showed that MP and SP were composed of abundant rhamnose with small amounts of xylose and glucuronic acid, whereas SP also contained a small amount of galactose. Approximate molecular weights of MP and SP were 535 and 502 kDa, respectively. As compared with SP, MP had higher contents of sulfate ester （19.0%） and uronic acid （14.9%）. The MP mainly consisted of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues with partially sulfated groups at the C-3 position, and small amounts of （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2,4）-linked rhamnose, （1→4）-linked glucuronic acid and （1→4）-linked xylose residues. The SP contained abundant （1→4）-linked rhamnose with minor amounts of （1→3）-linked rhanmose, （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2, 4）-linked rhanmose, （1→4）4inked glucuronic acid, （1→4）-linked xylose, and （1→3）-linked galactose residues. The sulfate groups were mainly located at C-3 of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues. Both MP and SP, in particular the former, effectively prolonged APTT and TT. This work demonstrates that MP and SP have unique structural characteristics distinct from those of other sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha. The MP is a potential source of anticoagulant, and the difference in anticoagulant activities of the two sulfated polysaccharides is directly linked to the discrepancy of their chemical features.

Biomechanics mechanism of the anti-tumor effects of sulfated polysaccharide and sulfated glycopeptide

There are also a variety of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment,which are involved in the change in the hardness of the tumor,thereby affecting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.As traditional Chinese medicines,drugs of softening and dissipating firm knot contains different kinds of sulfated polysaccharide and sulfated glycopeptide.By inhibiting the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts,they reduce interstitial fibrosis,thereby reducing the hardness of the tumor and exerting an anti-tumor effect.

Suppressive effect of pectic polysaccharides extracted from Rauwolfia verticillata(Lour.) Baill.var.hainanensis Tsiang on inflammation by regulation of NF-κB pathway and interleukin-17 in mice with dextran sulphatesodium-induced ulcerative colitis

Objective:To investigate the effects of pectic polysaccharides extracted from Rauwolfia verticillata(Lour.) Baill.var.hainanensis Tsiang on an experimental murine colitis model.Methods:Experimental colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS),and mice were divided into 4 groups:control.DSS alone.DSS plus SASP,DSS plus pectic polysaccharides.The disease activity index(DAI) and histological score were observed.The tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-17 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.I κ B and NF-κB p65 expression were assessed by western blot analysis.Myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity was determined by using MPO assay kit.Re.sults:Administration of pectic polysaccharides significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis as assessed by DAT and histological score,and resulted in down regulation of MPO activity and NF-κB p65 expression and subsequent degradation of IκB protein,strikingly reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-17.Conclusions:Pectic polysaccharides extracted from Rauvolfia verticillata(Lour.)Baill.var.hainanensis Tsiang exerts beneficial effects in experimental colitis and may therefore provide a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of UC.

Inhibition of BACE1, the β-secretase implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, by a chondroitin sulfate extract from Sardina pilchardus

The pharmaceutical and anticoagulant agent heparin,a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates,has previously been identified as a potent inhibitor of a key Alzheimer’s disease drug target,the primary neuronalβ-secretase,β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1).The anticoagulant activity of heparin has,however,precluded the repurposing of this widely used pharmaceutical as an Alzheimer’s disease therapeutic.Here,a glycosaminoglycan extract,composed predominantly of 4-sulfated chondroitin sulfate,has been isolated from Sardina pilchardus,which possess the ability to inhibit BACE1(IC50[half maximal inhibitory concentration]=4.8μg/mL),while displaying highly attenuated anticoagulant activities(activated partial thromboplastin time EC50[median effective concentration]=403.8μg/mL,prothrombin time EC50=1.3 mg/mL).The marine-derived,chondroitin sulfate extract destabilizes BACE1,determined via differential scanning fluorimetry(ΔTm–5°C),to a similar extent as heparin,suggesting that BACE1 inhibition by glycosaminoglycans may occur through a common mode of action,which may assist in the screening of glycan-based BACE1 inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease.

Preparation of Polyporus Albicans Teng Sulfate andIts Anti-coagulation Activity

More studies have indicated that polysaccharide sulfate has anti-coagulant activity.Now,heparin is the most popular anticoagulant used in clinic,however,its side effects have also caused highly concern.It is still under intensive investigations to synthesize effective safe polysaccharide sulfate as heparin substitute.We extracted water-soluble polysaccharide from fermented mycelium of edible polyporus albicans（Imaz.） teng,and got the water-soluble polyporus albicans teng sulfate（PATS） by modifying the water-solubility polyose with the method of chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine.The anti-coagulant assay of PATS in vitro towards normal human plasma indicates its remarkable anticoagulant activity,while the dose could be as low as 5 mg/L for anticoagulation.The anti-coagulant effect was equivalent to that of heparin about 150 U when the concentration of PATS was 10 mg/L.The study on anti-coagulation mechanism suggests that PATS got involved in the intrinsic pathway.The anti-coagulation activity of PATS was due to the inhibition of the coagulation factors IIa and Xa activities mediated by antithrombin Ⅲ（ATIII）.The anti-coagulation mechanism of PATS is absolutely identical to that of heparin.In conclusion,we suggest that PATS has the similar anti-coagulation characteristic to heparin,but with a better anti-coagulation effect.Meanwhile,derived from edible fungus-polysaccharide,PATS has more bio-safety advantage.Therefore,PATS has promising future to be developed and used as an ideal substitute for heparin in clinic.

Structural Characterization of Ulvan Polysaccharide from Cultivated and Collected <i>Ulva fasciata</i>(Chlorophyta)

Ulvan is a sulfated heteropolysaccharide present in the cell wall of Ulva species with unique structural properties and technological potential. Here we characterized by FTIR and NMR analysis the structure of ulvan from Ulva fasciata collected in natural environment (SEA) and after in vitro biomass cultivation in nutrient enriched water (CULT). FTIR spectrum of CULT ulvan presented stronger signals of sulfate groups than SEA. 1H and 13C NMR showed that both ulvan are composed mainly of ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate type A and type B. SEA ulvan presented signals characteristics of xylose, suggesting the presence of ulvanobiose in its structure, while CULT presented most signals of type A disaccharide. The cultivation of Ulva could be an alternative to suffice the emerging demand for ulvan meeting requirements of quality and quantity.

发酵枸杞多糖通过调节肠道微生态缓解葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎

为探究多糖益生元调节肠道微生态作用机制,采用ELISA法、组织病理学分析、免疫组化分析、16S rRNA高通量测序、气相色谱-质谱联用等方法,研究发酵多糖对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导结肠炎模型小鼠肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)变化的影响及其与肠道炎症水平、屏障蛋白表达的关系。结果发现,发酵枸杞多糖(FLBP)可显著降低小鼠肠道炎症水平,改善结肠组织结构,上调紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1和ZO-1表达量,同时显著增加肠道SCFAs含量。肠道菌群分析结果表明,FLBP可富集小鼠肠道杜氏芽孢杆菌(Dubosiella)和阿克曼氏菌属(Akkermansia),降低Turicibacter菌属、肠杆菌属(Faecalibaculum)、埃希氏菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)丰度。研究结果表明,FLBP激活重塑的杜氏芽孢杆菌在改善结肠炎中占主导作用,显著提升SCFAs含量,增强肠道屏障,降低肠道炎症。研究旨在为改善结肠炎提供更安全有益的选择,并为开发FLBP功能性食品提供理论依据。

海藻硫酸多糖对铜绿假单胞菌感染的凡纳滨对虾抗氧化防御系统的影响

为了研究海藻硫酸多糖对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)感染的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)抗氧化防御系统的影响,试验先采用磷钼络合物法测定5种海藻硫酸多糖(PE-Ⅰ、PE-Ⅱ、LJP-Ⅰ、LJP-Ⅱ、LJP-Ⅲ)总抗氧化活性[以二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)为阳性对照],采用滤纸片法测定5种海藻硫酸多糖的抑菌圈直径,同时测定PA对凡纳滨对虾的半数致死浓度(LC_(50))。将健康的对虾随机分为3组,分别为模型组、试验组及对照组,每组20尾,对照组与模型组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加抑菌效果最好的海藻硫酸多糖的基础日粮,饲喂14 d后模型组和试验组腹腔注射PA菌悬液(浓度为攻毒48 h后的LC_(50))30μL,对照组不做任何处理。攻毒后第24小时、48小时、7天、14天统计死亡率,收集攻毒48 h后各组对虾肠道内容物,计数PA的菌落总数。利用试剂盒测定血淋巴中血浆总蛋白(TP)质量浓度、酚氧化酶(PO)活性,肝胰腺组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等抗氧化防御酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;采集对虾肝胰腺组织用苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色试剂盒染色进行组织病理学观察。结果表明:6种物质的总抗氧化活性大小为LJP-Ⅱ>LJP-Ⅰ>LJP-Ⅲ>BHT>PE-Ⅰ>PE-Ⅱ,其中LJP-Ⅱ、LJP-Ⅰ、LJP-Ⅲ总抗氧化活性显著高于BHT(P<0.05);海藻硫酸多糖LJP-Ⅱ在浓度150 mg/mL时对PA的抑菌圈直径最大,达到(15.05±0.04)mm,因此选取LJP-Ⅱ作为日粮添加物,研究其对PA感染的凡纳滨对虾抗氧化防御系统的影响。当攻毒剂量为30μL时,PA对凡纳滨对虾48 h的LC_(50)为7.96×10~(6)cfu/mL。与模型组相比,攻毒后第14天试验组的死亡率显著下降(P<0.05);血淋巴中TP质量浓度、PO活性,肝胰腺组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性均显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05)。饲喂添加海藻硫酸多糖LJP-Ⅱ日粮可明显改善PA感染对虾肝胰腺组织、管腔和小管损伤程度,形态结构趋于正常。说明海藻硫酸多糖LJP-Ⅱ可显著提升抗氧化防御系统生化指标水平,减轻PA对肝胰腺组织的损伤。

裙带菜多糖抑制肝癌细胞增殖和迁移的机制

目的探讨裙带菜多糖(sulfated polysaccharide from Undaria pinnatifida,SPUP)对肝癌细胞增殖、迁移的影响及潜在机制。方法MTT和克隆形成实验检测SPUP对肝癌细胞HepG2、SMMC-7721增殖的影响;Hoechst 33258染色和Western blot法检测SPUP干预后对HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的影响;Transwell和划痕法检测HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞的迁移和侵袭;免疫荧光和Western blot法检测SPUP对肝癌细胞自噬、上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)和基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP-2)、MMP-9蛋白的影响。结果SPUP对HepG2、SMMC-7721细胞有短期和长期的抑制增殖作用,对正常肝细胞L-02无明显抑制作用,SPUP可促进两种肝癌细胞凋亡和自噬水平。同时,SPUP可以抑制肝癌细胞的迁移侵袭能力,降低EMT和MMPs水平。结论SPUP通过促进凋亡和自噬、抑制EMT和MMPs,进而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖和迁移。

响应面法优化茭白多糖硫酸化工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

为提高茭白多糖抗氧化活性,对茭白多糖进行硫酸化修饰,并探索其最佳修饰条件。以茭白为原料,利用水提醇沉法提取并纯化一种新型水溶性多糖,采用三氧化硫-吡啶法,以甲酰胺为溶剂,对多糖进行硫酸改性,以硫酸根取代度(DS)为指标,利用响应面法对茭白多糖进行硫酸改性条件优化,同时通过体外自由基清除率实验对比改性前后体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:采用响应面法辅助茭白多糖硫酸化修饰条件优化得到最佳反应条件为多糖样品100 mg,酯化时间4 h,酯化温度70℃,三氧化硫-吡啶复合物添加量2.6 g,得到最佳DS为1.79;热重分析显示茭白多糖在46.38℃时失重最快,失重率为16.48%;硫酸化茭白多糖在65.04℃时失重最快,失重率为2.92%。在体外抗氧化实验中,茭白多糖对于DPPH·、·OH以及ABTS^(+)·清除能力的IC_(50)值分别为3.49、3.28和12.70 mg/mL;硫酸化茭白多糖为0.39、1.00和1.82 mg/mL;阳性对照(V_(C))为0.069、0.17和0.077 mg/mL。综上表明,硫酸化修饰能提高茭白多糖的热稳定性;同时一定程度上增强其自由基清除能力。

香菇柄多糖的提取及其硫酸化产物的免疫调节活性比较

香菇是世界第二大栽培食用菌,其在加工过程中会产生大量香菇柄废弃物造成资源浪费和环境污染。该文以香菇柄为原料,通过水提分级醇沉纯化得到三种多糖LESP-20、LESP-50、LESP-80,利用化学法、高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、红外光谱对其组成及结构特性进行分析。结果表明,LESPs-50的糖含量最高,为84.31%,其相对分子质量为477.41 ku;此外,LESPs-20、LESPs-50和LESPs-80均含有Man、Glc和Gal,但单糖摩尔比存在差异;三种多糖均是含有β型糖苷键的中性杂多糖,且葡萄糖占主要成分。对香菇柄多糖(Lentinus edodes Stem Polysaccharides)LESPs进行硫酸化修饰,深入对比原始样品与硫酸化修饰后免疫调节活性的变化。结果表明,硫酸化修饰后多糖的免疫调节活性更加优越,能显著提高细胞RAW 264.7的细胞活力、吞噬能力、酸性磷酸酶活力、NO分泌量;并且硫酸基含量越高,其免疫调节活性越好。研究结果将对香菇柄的高值化开发利用提供理论依据。

灵芝多糖对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响

目的探究灵芝多糖(GLP)对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的影响。方法36只雄性KM小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、美沙拉秦组和灵芝多糖低、中、高剂量组,每组6只。灵芝多糖低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃50、100、200 mg/kg灵芝多糖溶液,美沙拉秦组灌胃300 mg/kg美沙拉秦混悬液,正常组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,持续21 d,每日1次。前14 d,所有小鼠均饮用正常水,后7 d,除正常组外,其他组小鼠均采用自由饮用3%DSS溶液7 d构建UC模型。造模期间记录小鼠体质量并进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分;取材后测量小鼠结肠长度并称重;HE染色法观察小鼠结肠组织病理学变化;ELISA法测定小鼠结肠组织样本中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-10含量。结果与模型组比较,灵芝多糖中、高剂量组能够在一定程度上延缓体质量下降和DAI上升(P<0.01),结肠长度显著增加(P<0.01),结肠重量显著减少(P<0.01),结肠组织病理学损伤程度减轻,炎性细胞浸润减少,结肠组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.01),IL-10含量显著升高(P<0.01)。结论灵芝多糖对DSS所导致的UC小鼠结肠组织病理损伤具有改善作用,可能与其调控促炎因子和抗炎因子分泌水平的平衡有关。

多糖的硫酸化与磷酸化修饰及其活性研究进展

综述了近年来硫酸化及磷酸化修饰多糖的研究进展,包括各类常用的修饰方法,阐述了改性后的酸性多糖在抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤以及免疫调节等方面的生物活性,展望了硫酸化与磷酸化修饰多糖在食品工业和医药等领域的应用前景及挑战,以期为改性多糖的深入研究与应用提供理论依据。

地黄多糖对DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用

目的探讨地黄多糖对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用及机制。方法提取生、熟地黄水提物及多糖,并测定生、熟地黄多糖相对分子量及单糖组成。将70只ICR小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组(DSS组)、美沙拉嗪组(5-ASA组)、生地黄水提物组(RR组)、熟地黄水提物组(PR组)、生地黄多糖组(RRP组)、熟地黄多糖组(PRP组),每组10只。第1~7天,除空白组外,其余小鼠饮用3%的DSS;第8~14天,空白组和DSS组小鼠饮用无菌水,5-ASA组、RR组、RRP组、PR组和PRP组分别给予美沙拉嗪、生地黄水提物、生地黄多糖、熟地黄水提物及熟地黄多糖,给药剂量均为200 mg/kg。实验过程中每天记录小鼠的体质量、粪便硬度及直肠出血情况(疾病活动指数);测量小鼠结肠长度;采用HE染色法观察结肠组织病理形态变化;ELISA法测定结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性及LPS水平。结果生、熟地黄多糖分子量均可分为约200 kD和4 kD。生地黄多糖由葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖、鼠李糖、木糖、岩藻糖7种单糖所组成,熟地黄多糖由葡萄糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖、木糖、岩藻糖6种单糖组成。与空白组相比,DSS组小鼠体质量明显下降(P<0.0001),DAI评分显著提高(P<0.0001),小鼠结肠长度缩短(P<0.05),脾脏质量增加(P<0.0001),结肠组织中MPO酶活性和血清中LPS含量升高(P<0.05)。与DSS组相比,5-ASA组、RR组、RRP组和PR组疾病活动指数显著下降(P<0.05);PRP组疾病活动指数评分最低(P<0.0001);PR组结肠长度显著增长(P<0.05);5-ASA组、RR组、PR组脾脏指数显著下降(P<0.01);多糖组(RRP和PRP组)下降最多(P<0.001);RR组、RRP组、PR组和PRP组结肠中MPO酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);PR组血清中LPS含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论生、熟地黄多糖及水提物均能够改善结肠病理组织,且熟地黄水提物及多糖对结肠炎小鼠治疗效果较好。