Milk fat globule membrane supplementation protects againstβ-lactoglobul-ininduced food allergy in mice via upregulation of regulatory T cells and enhancement of intestinal barrier in a microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids manner

Milk fat globule membrane(MFGM),which contains abundant glycoproteins and phospholipids,exerts beneficial effects on intestinal health and immunomodulation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of MFGM on cow’s milk allergy(CMA)in aβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)-induced allergic mice model.MFGM was supplemented to allergic mice induced by BLG at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight.Results demonstrated that MFGM alleviated food allergy symptoms,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide,pro-inflammatory cytokines,immunoglobulin(Ig)E,Ig G1,and Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL)-4,while increased serum levels of Th1 cytokines including interferon-γand regulatory T cells(Tregs)cytokines including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.MFGM modulated gut microbiota and enhanced intestinal barrier of BLG-allergic mice,as evidenced by decreased relative abundance of Desulfobacterota,Rikenellaceae,Lachnospiraceae,and Desulfovibrionaceae,while increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae,and enhanced expressions of tight junction proteins including Occludin,Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1.Furthermore,MFGM increased fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)levels,which elevated G protein-coupled receptor(GPR)43 and GPR109A expressions.The increased expressions of GPR43 and GPR109A induced CD103+dendritic cells accumulation and promoted Tregs differentiation in mesenteric lymph node to a certain extent.In summary,MFGM alleviated CMA in a BLG-induced allergic mice model through enhancing intestinal barrier and promoting Tregs differentiation,which may be correlated with SCFAs-mediated activation of GPRs.These findings suggest that MFGM may be useful as a promising functional ingredient against CMA.

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

Objective:Studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has a beneficial effect in the treatment of spinal cord injury.A meta-analysis was used to study the effect of DHA on the neurological recovery in the rat spinal cord injury model,and the relationship between the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury and the time and method of administration and the dose of DHA.Data source:Published studies on the effect of DHA on spinal cord injury animal models from seven databases were searched from their inception to January 2019,including PubMed,MEDLINE,EMBASE,the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,VIP,and SinoMed databases.The search terms included“spinal cord injury”“docosahexaenoic acid”,and“rats”.Data selection:Studies that evaluated the influence of DHA in rat models of spinal cord injury for locomotor functional recovery were included.The intervention group included any form of DHA treatment and the control group included treatment with normal saline,vehicle solution or no treatment.The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation’s risk of bias assessment tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies.Literature inclusion,quality evaluation and data extraction were performed by two researchers.Meta-analysis was then conducted on all studies that met the inclusion criteria.Statistical analysis was performed on the data using RevMan 5.1.2.software.Outcome measures:The primary outcome measure was the score on the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scale.Secondary outcome measures were the sloping plate test,balance beam test,stair test and grid exploration test.Results:A total of 12 related studies were included,3 of which were of higher quality and the remaining 9 were of lower quality.The highest mean Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scale score occurred at 42 days after DHA treatment in spinal cord injury rats.At 21 days after treatment,the mean difference in Basso,Beattie,Bresnahan scores between the DHA group and the control group was the most significant(pooled MD=4.14;95%CI=3.58–4.70;P<0.00001).In the subgroup analysis,improvement in the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scale score was more significant in rats administered DHA intravenously(pooled MD=2.74;95%CI=1.41–4.07;P<0.0001)and subcutaneously(pooled MD=2.99;95%CI=2.29–3.69;P<0.00001)than in the groups administered DHA orally(pooled MD=3.04;95%CI=–1.01 to 7.09;P=0.14).Intravenous injection of DHA at 250 nmol/kg(pooled MD=2.94;95%CI=2.47–3.41;P<0.00001]and 1000 nmol/kg[pooled MD=3.60;95%CI=2.66–4.54;P<0.00001)significantly improved the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan scale score in rats and promoted the recovery of motor function.Conclusion:DHA can promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.The administration of DHA by intravenous or subcutaneous injection is more effective than oral administration of DHA.Intravenous injection of DHA at doses of 250 nmol/kg or 1000 nmol/kg is beneficial.Because of the small number and the low quality of the included studies,more high-quality research is needed in future to substantiate the results.

Functional lipidomics in patients on home parenteral nutrition: Effect of lipid emulsions

To investigate the fatty acid-based functional lipidomics of patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition receiving different intravenous lipid emulsions. METHODSA cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 3 groups of adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN), receiving an HPN admixture containing an olive-soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) (OO-IVLE; n = 15), a soybean- medium-chain triacylglycerol-olive-fish oil-based IVLE (SMOF-IVLE; n = 8) or HPN without IVLE (No-IVLE; n = 8) and 42 healthy controls (HCs). The inclusion criteria were: duration of HPN ≥ 3 mo, current HPN admixtures ≥ 2 mo and HPN infusions ≥ 2/wk. Blood samples were drawn 4-6 h after the discontinuation of the overnight HPN infusion. The functional lipidomics panel included: the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) profile, molecular biomarkers [membrane fluidity: saturated/monounsaturated FA ratio = saturated fatty acid (SFA)/monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) index; inflammatory risk: n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio = n-6/n-3 index; cardiovascular risk: sum of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) = n-3 index; free radical stress: sum of FA trans isomers = %trans index] and FA pathway enzyme activity estimate (delta-9-desaturase = D9D; delta-6-desaturase = D6D; delta-5-desaturase = D5D; elongase = ELO). Statistics were carried out using nonparametric tests. The amount of each FA was calculated as a percentage of the total FA content (relative%). RESULTSIn the OO-IVLE group, the percentage of oleic acid in the RBCs was positively correlated with the weekly load of OO-IVLE (r = 0.540, P = 0.043). In the SMOF-IVLE cohort, the RBC membrane EPA and DHA were positively correlated with the daily amount of SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.751, P = 0.044) and the number of HPN infusions per week (r = 0.753; P = 0.046), respectively. The SMOF-IVLE group showed the highest EPA and DHA and the lowest arachidonic acid percentages (P < 0.001). The RBC membrane linoleic acid content was lower, and oleic and vaccenic acids were higher in all the HPN groups in comparison to the HCs. Vaccenic acid was positively correlated with the weekly HPN load of glucose in both the OO-IVLE (r = 0.716; P = 0.007) and the SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.732; P = 0.053) groups. The estimated activity of D9D was higher in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The estimated activity of D5D was lower in the SMOF-IVLE group than in the HCs (P = 0.013). The SFA/MUFA ratio was lower in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The n-6/n-3 index was lower and the n-3 index was higher in the SMOF-IVLE group in comparison to the HCs and to the other HPN groups (P < 0.001). The %trans index did not differ among the four groups. CONCLUSIONThe FA profile of IVLEs significantly influenced the cell membrane functional lipidomics. The amount of glucose in the HPN may play a relevant role, mediated by the insulin regulation of the FA pathway enzyme activities.

Nanoparticle-Mediated Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming of T Cells in Tumor Microenvironments for Immunometabolic Therapy

We report the activation of anticancer effector functions of T cells through nanoparticle-induced lipid metabolic reprogramming.Fenofibrate was encapsulated in amphiphilic polygamma glutamic acid-based nanoparticles(F/ANs),and the surfaces of F/ANs were modified with an anti-CD3e f(ab′)2 fragment,yielding aCD3/F/ANs.An in vitro study reveals enhanced delivery of aCD3/F/ANs to T cells compared with plain F/ANs.aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells exhibited clear mitochondrial cristae,a higher membrane potential,and a greater mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate under glucose-deficient conditions compared with T cells treated with other nanoparticle preparations.Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-αand downstream fatty acid metabolismrelated genes are expressed to a greater extent in aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells.Activation of fatty acid metabolism by aCD3/F/ANs supports the proliferation of T cells in a glucose-deficient environment mimicking the tumor microenvironment.Real-time video recordings show that aCD3/F/AN-treated T cells exerted an effector killing effect against B16F10 melanoma cells.In vivo administration of aCD3/F/ANs can increase infiltration of T cells into tumor tissues.The treatment of tumor-bearing mice with aCD3/F/ANs enhances production of various cytokines in tumor tissues and prevented tumor growth.Our findings suggest the potential of nanotechnology-enabled reprogramming of lipid metabolism in T cells as a new modality of immunometabolic therapy.

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid or arachidonic acid supplementation on the behavior of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells

Background:Human heart changes its energetic substrates from lactate and glucose to fatty acids during the neonatal period.Noticing the lack of fatty acids in media for the culture of cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells(hiPS-CM),researchers have supplemented mixtures of fatty acids to hiPS-CM and reported the enhancement in the maturation of hiPS-CM.In our previous studies,we separately supplemented two polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)or arachidonic acid(AA),to rat fetal cardiomyocytes and found that the supplementations upregulated the expressions of mRNAs for cardiomyocyte differentiation,fatty acid metabolism,and cellular adhesion.The enhancement in cellular contractility was attributed to the improvement in intercellular connection rather than a direct enhancement of the contractile force.Methods:This study reports the successive results of the effects of DHA or AA supplementation on hiPS-CM.In addition to the contractile force and mRNA measurements used in the previous study,we further investigated the effect of different cellular aggregations on the contractile force output by means of finite element analysis,measured glucose and fatty acids metabolites,and assessed cTNT and MLC2v expressions through immunofluorecsence evaluation.Results:It showed that the sole supplementation of albumin-conjugated DHA or AA can be taken up by hiPS-CM without other uptake-enhancing factors,and the supplementations may activate the CD36_ERRγmetabolic pathway.DHA or AA supplementation increased the cellular contractile ratio on collagen gels and AA supplementation stimulated hiPS-CM aggregation to form cellular clusters.The enhancement effect on the hiPS-CM contractile force was modest since the increase in contractile force was not significant.AA supplementation was more effective than DHA supplementation because it significantly upregulated mRNA expressions of P300 and CD36.However,finite element analysis showed that the formation of clusters on a collagen gel attenuated the contractile force exerted by the gel on its surroundings.Conclusion:DHA and AA,as having been supplemented in infant formulas,have no direct and significant enhancement effect on the performance of the hiPS-CM when they were supplemented individually,although they were able to enter the cellular metabolic system.The AA supplementation showed some auxiliary effect on the maturation of hiPS-CM,which is worthy of further investigation under the consideration of membrane composition alteration and remodeling of membrane molecules.

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸健康机制及应用研究进展

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFAs)是一类重要的功能性高值脂肪酸,包括α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等,在膳食中主要来源于植物油或海洋多脂鱼类。近年来,利用微藻、丝状真菌、产油酵母等微生物生产ω-3 PUFAs,使其供应短缺、品质不稳定的问题显著改善,广泛扩大了其应用范围。ω-3 PUFAs在预防心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、抑郁症、癌症,促进婴幼儿神经发育以及创面愈合和组织修复等方面均具有显著功效,其分子机制涉及缓解神经及系统性炎症、维持细胞结构及功能、激活机体免疫信号等。介绍了ω-3 PUFAs的结构及体内消化吸收过程,系统分析了DHA、EPA等发挥健康功效的分子机制及潜在的区别,总结了ω-3 PUFAs在食品中的应用形式,对ω-3 PUFAs应用的未来趋势进行了展望。提出了改进微生物发酵技术、构建高效基因编辑工具、开发活性保持技术等跨学科的研究方向,以期推动ω-3 PUFAs在食品和膳食补充剂领域的广泛应用。

多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸是人和动物机体必不可少的脂肪酸,在保持细胞膜结构完整性、脂质代谢、免疫调节等生理过程中发挥重要作用,对维持畜禽健康生长具有重要意义,其中以ω-6和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸更受关注,然而畜禽生产中多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量仍存在争议。本文就多不饱和脂肪酸的分类来源、生物学功能以及饲粮中ω-6和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在改善畜禽生产性能、繁殖性能、精液品质等方面的应用进行综述,旨在为确定多不饱和脂肪酸在饲粮中的添加量及畜禽生产实践中的应用提供参考。

鱼油ω-3 PUFAs的功能特性研究进展

由各种水产副产物精制提取的鱼油可广泛应用于食品、药品以及动物饲料的加工。鱼油中的二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFAs)的主要功能活性成分,食品鱼油具有健康促进作用。该文结合国内外研究进展,重点综述近年来鱼油ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的主要功能特性,并针对鱼油主要功能特性的不足进行分析,以期为鱼油功能活性成分在医药和食品领域的深度开发提供参考。

解脂耶氏酵母细胞工厂生产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸属直链脂肪酸,是机体生物膜的关键结构组分,它可以调控糖脂代谢及激素代谢,具有促进发育、提高免疫力和预防疾病等多种益生功能,对机体健康具有十分重要的作用。因此,多不饱和脂肪酸在食品、医药和饲料等多个领域均表现出重要的应用价值和广阔的开发前景,市场需求持续上升。与传统的海洋生物提取法相比,微生物合成法具有生产周期短、工艺简单、对环境友好等优势,近年来利用微生物细胞工厂生产多不饱和脂肪酸等微生物油脂逐渐成为科学界和工业界的研究热点和发展趋势。解脂耶氏酵母作为一种非常规产油酵母,因其具备高产油脂和脂肪酸的天然能力,因此成为了代谢工程改造微生物生产多不饱和脂肪酸的首选底盘细胞之一。本文首先介绍了多不饱和脂肪酸的来源及其天然合成途径;然后总结归纳了当前利用代谢工程策略改造解脂耶氏酵母生产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究现状;最后对利用解脂耶氏酵母细胞工厂生产多不饱和脂肪酸存在的主要瓶颈问题和未来发展趋势进行了探讨,期望为未来高效合成多不饱和脂肪酸微生物细胞工厂的构建提供理论支持与思路。

原花色素对酿酒酵母细胞膜特性的影响

为了从细胞膜的角度考察原花色素的作用机制,该研究考察了添加量为0.5 g/L和1.0 g/L的原花色素对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)细胞膜特性的影响,分别测定了不同发酵体系中胞外核酸和蛋白质含量、脂肪酸组成和丙二醛含量等变化。结果表明,与未添加原花色素的体系相比,经原花色素处理的酵母细胞膜的通透性、完整性和流动性有所增加,其中1.0 g/L原花色素对细胞膜流动性影响最大,且添加1.0 g/L原花色素使细胞膜通透性在72 h内增加到24 ms/cm;不同的脂肪酸含量变化不同,其中花生酸含量的变化最为明显,1.0 g/L原花色素组增加了7%。膜脂的过氧化产物分析结果表明,添加原花色素降低了胁迫条件下丙二醛含量,其中添加1.0 g/L原花色素组的变化最为明显,在第5天时丙二醛含量最低,为1.3μmol/L。因此推断在葡萄酒发酵过程中,原花色素通过增强细胞膜的完整性和通透性等特性,增加底物和代谢物的交换速度,进而促进酵母的生长和代谢。

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽免疫机能的影响

随着我国家禽生产集约化养殖的普及,养殖密度加大,各种环境因素及病原体对家禽健康的影响越来越大,使家禽长期处于应激和免疫失调状态,进而影响其健康、生产性能和产品品质。如何改善家禽的健康状态,成为家禽营养研究的热点之一。研究发现,饲料中的多不饱和脂肪酸在动物营养中显现出重要的作用,直接影响动物的健康和免疫能力。文章综述了ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽生产性能和免疫功能的影响,以期通过营养性措施提高家禽免疫功能,为增强其抗病力提供参考。

Identification of crucial roles of transcription factor IhfA on high production of free fatty acids in Escherichia coli

Transcription factor engineering has unique advantages in improving the performance of microbial cell factories due to the global regulation of gene transcription.Omics analyses and reverse engineering enable learning and subsequent incorporation of novel design strategies for further engineering.Here,we identify the role of the global regulator IhfA for overproduction of free fatty acids(FFAs)using CRISPRi-facilitated reverse engineering and cellular physiological characterization.From the differentially expressed genes in the ihfALstrain,a total of 14 beneficial targets that enhance FFAs production by above 20% are identified,which involve membrane function,oxidative stress,and others.For membrane-related genes,the engineered strains obtain lower cell surface hydrophobicity and increased average length of membrane lipid tails.For oxidative stress-related genes,the engineered strains present decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.These gene modulations enhance cellular robustness and save cellular resources,contributing to FFAs production.This study provides novel targets and strategies for engineering microbial cell factories with improved FFAs bioproduction.

Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate spinal cord injury recovery by regulating the balance of regulatory T cells and effector IL-17^(+) γδ T cells

Spinal cord injury(SCI)causes motor,sensory,and autonomic dysfunctions.The gut microbiome has an important role in SCI,while short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)are one of the main bioactive mediators of microbiota.In the present study,we explored the effects of oral administration of exogenous SCFAs on the recovery of locomotor function and tissue repair in SCI.Allen’s method was utilized to establish an SCI model in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.The animals received water containing a mixture of 150 mmol/L SCFAs after SCI.After 21 d of treatment,the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan(BBB)score increased,the regularity index improved,and the base of support(BOS)value declined.Spinal cord tissue inflammatory infiltration was alleviated,the spinal cord necrosis cavity was reduced,and the numbers of motor neurons and Nissl bodies were elevated.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and immunohistochemistry assay revealed that the expression of interleukin(IL)-10 increased and that of IL-17 decreased in the spinal cord.SCFAs promoted gut homeostasis,induced intestinal T cells to shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype,and promoted regulatory T(Treg)cells to secrete IL-10,affecting Treg cells and IL-17^(+)γδT cells in the spinal cord.Furthermore,we observed that Treg cells migrated from the gut to the spinal cord region after SCI.The above findings confirm that SCFAs can regulate Treg cells in the gut and affect the balance of Treg and IL-17^(+)γδT cells in the spinal cord,which inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes the motor function in SCI rats.Our findings suggest that there is a relationship among gut,spinal cord,and immune cells,and the“gut-spinal cord-immune”axis may be one of the mechanisms regulating neural repair after SCI.

内源性ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对顺铂诱导的骨髓抑制的保护作用

目的:利用mfat-1转基因小鼠,探讨内源性ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对顺铂诱导的骨髓抑制的保护作用及减少骨髓有核细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法:将实验动物分为4组,分别为野生型小鼠正常对照组、mfat-1转基因小鼠正常对照组、野生型小鼠模型组、mfat-1转基因小鼠模型组。模型组小鼠在d 0和d 7腹腔注射顺铂7.5 mg/kg构建骨髓抑制模型,正常对照组小鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水,每天观察小鼠状态并测量体重,14 d后取外周血进行血常规分析利用气相色谱检测外周血中PUFA的含量和比例;对各组小鼠股骨中骨髓有核细胞进行计数;通过组织病理学染色观察骨髓组织病理学变化;利用流式细胞术和荧光定量PCR技术检测各组小鼠骨髓组织中有核细胞凋亡情况和凋亡相关基因表达水平的变化。结果:与野生型小鼠相比,mfat-1转基因小鼠外周血中ω-3 PUFA含量显著增加且对顺铂具有更强的耐受性;外周血象分析结果显示,内源性ω-3 PUFA可促进骨髓抑制小鼠外周血中白细胞、红细胞、血小板和血红蛋白的恢复;HE染色结果显示,内源性ω-3 PUFA显著改善顺铂诱导的骨髓组织结构损伤;流式细胞术和PCR结果显示,与野生型模型组小鼠相比,mfat-1转基因模型组小鼠骨髓有核细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.001),且抗凋亡基因Bcl-2 mRNA的表达显著增加(P<0.01),而促凋亡基因Bax和Bak mRNA的表达显著降低(P<0.001,P<0.05)。结论:内源性ω-3 PUFA可通过调控凋亡相关基因的表达,减少顺铂引起的骨髓有核细胞凋亡,增加外周血细胞的数量,发挥对顺铂诱导的骨髓抑制的保护作用。

微藻高效生产多不饱和脂肪酸生物技术进展

多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFAs)是指含有两个或两个以上双键的直链脂肪酸,是人体所必需的脂肪酸,在医疗保健领域应用广泛。本文总结了常见的生产PUFAs的微藻物种及生产类型,并从微藻生产PUFAs的代谢途径出发(延长去饱和酶途径与聚酮类合成酶途径),综述微藻PUFAs的生物合成机制、发酵水平和分子水平调控策略,最后对下游技术中微藻PUFAs高效提取、分离与保存的先进技术进行总结和展望。本综述旨在概述PUFAs的整个工艺途径,为研究人员和工业生产提供探究方向。

膳食中多不饱和脂肪酸营养与生理功能的研究进展

概述了多不饱和脂肪酸的种类、来源、营养和生理功能的相关研究,包括n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸、n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸。阐述了膳食合理比例的n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸是保持身体健康的关键。

多不饱和脂肪酸对细胞膜功能影响的研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸是细胞膜磷脂的重要组成成份,影响细胞膜的稳定性。它具有广泛的生物学功能,包括细胞内信号传导通路、基因表达和细胞凋亡的调控等。主要从细胞膜脂质的组成,细胞膜的流动性及膜脂质过氧化等方面对多不饱和脂肪酸对细胞膜功能的影响进行了综述。

多不饱和脂肪酸的营养作用及其基因表达调控

多不饱和脂肪酸是一种重要的营养物质,是所有细胞膜的重要成分,具有重要的生理功能,人们越来越关注多不饱和脂肪酸的研究与应用。本文着重论述了多不饱和脂肪酸的营养功能和其调控基因表达的分子机制。

多不饱和脂肪酸对神经细胞保护作用的研究进展

本文从细胞生物学的角度综述多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs)改善大脑功能的作用机理,包括PUFAs促进神经细胞生成(neurogenesis)、维持神经细胞形态和功能、促进神经突生长、防止神经细胞变性(neurodegeneration)、抑制神经细胞凋亡(apoptosis),以及调节神经细胞膜流动性和可塑性(plasticity)、端粒(telomere)活性等作用机制,为PUFAs的营养干预研究应用,特别是应用于保护大脑正常功能,防止生理性衰老和疾病性脑功能障碍(如阿尔兹海默氏症和帕金森症)所致的脑功能障碍提供参考。

5种罗非鱼营养成分分析及评价

罗非鱼是我国主要养殖水产品。其肉质鲜美，少刺，蛋白质含量高，富含人体所需的8种必需氨基酸，其中谷氨酸和甘氨酸含量特别高。目前养殖和繁育体系较为完善的品种有奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus）、红罗非鱼（Oreochomissp）、吉富罗非鱼（Gift）、尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromisniloti-cus）、奥尼罗非鱼（O.niloticus♀×O.aureus ♂）等。本研究分析5种罗非鱼肌肉的营养组成，为科学养殖提供参考依据。