不同饵料对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)幼虾的生长及对WSSV敏感性的影响

采用5种不同饵料投喂斑节对虾幼虾,研究各饵料对幼虾的体长、体重及成活率的影响,实验周期为20天;然后用投喂攻毒的方法分别感染WSSV,观察不同饵料对幼虾WSSV敏感性的影响,实验周期为12天。结果表明,投喂卤虫无节幼体组的幼虾,其体长、体重增长明显优于其它各组(P<0.01),随后依次为贝肉组、鱼肉组、人工配合饲料组、虾片组。不同饵料对幼虾WSSV敏感性的影响也有差异:投喂感染WSSV后,卤虫组和鱼肉组成活率最高,明显高于贝肉组、人工配合饲料组和虾片组(P<0.01)。PCR检测表明,感染后全部幼虾个体为病毒阳性。

斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)蛋白质的氨基酸分析

１９９３年分析了不同大小斑节对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸含量和肌肉蛋白质 的氨基酸组成。虾体肌肉中有各种游离氨基酸存在，但数量很少，而且比例与肌肉 中结合氨基酸不一致。不同大小斑节对虾，其肌肉中氨基酸组成基本一样，不同的 是小虾的半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸含量比中虾、成虾的低；成虾的缬氨酸、异亮氨酸含量比 小虾、中虾的低，而酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸较高。随着虾体的长大，甘氨酸、 丙氨酸的含量逐渐下降，而脯氨酸的含量升高。雌雄虾的氨基酸组成基本一致，只 是雄虾的甘氨酸含量偏低，精氨酸含量偏高。

高位池精养斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)的生长规律

通过对高位池养殖的斑节对虾体长和体质量的跟踪测量,研究了其生长特性及规律,结果表明,斑节对虾体长和体质量呈幂函数关系:W=9.613×10-6L3.069,b接近于3,呈等速生长;其生长分为3个时期:快速生长期30～70日龄、稳定生长期70～110日龄、110日龄后为生长缓慢期;生长早、中期(50～90日龄)肥满度逐渐升高(1.33～1.45),趋势显著,此后呈下降趋势(1.44～1.38);拟合出斑节对虾的von Bertal-lanffy生长方程:Lt=141.503[1-e-0.009 8(t-0.224 5)],Wt=38.332[1-e-0.009 8(t-0.224 5)]3.069,体质量生长拐点出现在114.6 d.

0~#柴油和流花原油对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)幼体的急性毒性效应

溢油污染导致的原油和燃料油入海,会对海洋生物的生长发育过程产生影响。为研究溢油污染对海洋虾类的毒性效应,以斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)为研究对象,比较了不同浓度0#柴油和南海流花原油(LH原油)乳化液对斑节对虾不同发育阶段幼体的急性毒性效应。结果表明,3.59 mg·L^(-1)0#柴油和0.77 mg·L^(-1)LH原油乳化液可以显著降低斑节对虾无节幼体变态率(P<0.05),且对无节幼体变态具有延迟效应。较之0#柴油,LH原油乳化液对斑节对虾无节幼体发育的影响更为明显。0#柴油对斑节对虾无节幼体、蚤状幼体、糠虾和仔虾的48或96小时半致死浓度(48 h/96 h-LC50)分别为0.55 mg·L^(-1)、0.42 mg·L^(-1)、0.95 mg·L^(-1)和1.09 mg·L^(-1),其对应的安全浓度分别为0.05 mg·L^(-1)、0.04 mg·L^(-1)、0.10 mg·L^(-1)和0.11 mg·L^(-1);LH原油对上述幼体的48 h/96 h-LC50则依次为0.62 mg·L^(-1)、0.51 mg·L^(-1)、1.05 mg·L^(-1)和1.42 mg·L^(-1),对应的安全浓度分别为0.06 mg·L^(-1)、0.05mg·L^(-1)、0.11 mg·L^(-1)和0.14 mg·L^(-1)。斑节对虾不同发育阶段幼体对0#柴油和LH原油的耐受力依次为:仔虾>糠虾>无节幼体>蚤状幼体,0#柴油和LH原油乳化液对斑节对虾的毒性大小为0#柴油>LH原油。上述结果为深入研究石油类污染对海洋生物的毒性效应提供了基础数据和理论依据。

斑节对虾( Penaeus monodon) 有髓鞘神经纤维的超微结构

利用透射电镜对斑节对虾 （ Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ） 的有髓鞘神经纤维进行了观察， 其神经纤维直径２８ ～３６ μｍ ， 轴突直径约５ ～６ μｍ ， 轴突壁是由微管组成， 这些微管形成大小不同的维管束排列在轴突的外周。髓鞘由内外膜层和中间微管层组成， 轴突位于髓鞘的一侧。髓鞘内存在液体间隙， 神经胶质细胞为椭圆形， 位于髓鞘层的外层、层间及内层， 边缘核质电子密度大， 但未观察到高嗜锇性区域。斑节对虾有髓鞘神经纤维在髓鞘结构的微管束、髓鞘、液体间隙，

全封闭生态养殖斑节对虾Penaeus monodon Fabricius技术的研究

本文报道了深圳市宝安区水产科学研究所,于1998年和1999年连续二年,在珠江口低盐区,采用全封闭生态养殖斑节对虾技术,并取得成功,这项新技术为预防虾病提供理论基础和实践经验,具有推广和应用价值。

福建漳州地区金刚虾(Penaeus monodon)养殖特性、存在问题和对策措施

2021年4—12月,针对福建省漳州地区金刚虾(斑节对虾)养殖情况,现场调研了68家典型养殖户和分析了265份问卷调查表。结果表明漳州地区气候温和,日照时间长,适合金刚虾养殖。漳州地区金刚虾养殖模式主要为土塘和高位池养殖,土塘养殖模式主要分布在龙海区和漳浦县,一年2~3茬,采用地下水+盐卤调配至养殖盐度3~10,养殖密度为(1.50~4.50)×10^(5)ind/hm^(2),存活率为73.90%,饵料系数为1.63,养殖产量为(0.38~0.98)×10^(4)kg/hm^(2),利润为(1.20~12.75)×10^(4)元/hm^(2)。高位池养殖模式主要分布在漳浦县、东山县和诏安县,一年2~3茬,养殖用水采用自然海水,盐度20~30,养殖密度为(1.50~6.00)×10^(6)ind/hm^(2),存活率为74.58%,饵料系数为1.84,养殖产量为(0.83~10.20)×10^(4)kg/hm^(2),利润为(3.53~11.09)×10^(5)元/hm^(2)。漳州地区金刚虾虾苗生产量逐年增加,从2017年金刚虾虾苗生产量占对虾虾苗生产总量的7.76%提升至2020年的39.41%,2021年稍有下降,为32.46%。目前漳州地区金刚虾养殖存在从业人员基础差、年龄偏大,可选养殖品种单一,高位池养殖密度盲目提高,尾水处理难度大等问题。对此,建议加强金刚虾养殖技术的培训和新型农民的培养,提高养殖户的管理水平;采用精细管理,提高养殖效益,推广“白+黑(凡纳滨对虾+斑节对虾)”健康养殖模式,促进金刚虾可持续健康发展。

发酵玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)生长性能、免疫应答和肠道消化酶的影响

为研究饲料中发酵玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)的生长性能、免疫应答和肠道消化酶的影响,试验设置鱼粉含量35%的饲料为基础饲料,采用发酵玉米蛋白粉替代基础饲料中14.2%、28.6%、42.8%、57.1%、71.4%的鱼粉,配制成6种等蛋等脂的试验饲料来投喂平均体重(12.00±0.25)g的斑节对虾8周。试验结果表明:①与对照组相比发酵玉米蛋白粉替代42.8%及以内的鱼粉时,未对斑节对虾生长性能造成显著影响(P>0.05);发酵玉米蛋白粉替代57.1%的鱼粉显著降低斑节对虾的增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05),当替代水平达到71.4%时,饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比发酵玉米蛋白粉替代42.8%及以内的鱼粉时,未对斑节对虾血清免疫指标造成显著影响(P>0.05);发酵玉米蛋白粉替代57.1%鱼粉显著降低斑节对虾的血清过氧化物酶(POD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性(P<0.05),而当替代比例达到71.4%时,ACP、POD、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性在各处理组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比发酵玉米蛋白粉替代42.8%及以内的鱼粉未影响斑节对虾肠道消化酶活性(P>0.05),而替代水平为42.8%及以上时显著降低肠道蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。综上可见,在饲料中用发酵玉米蛋白粉替代42.8%鱼粉不会对斑节对虾的生长性能、免疫应答和肠道消化能力产生负面影响,但当替代水平为57.1%及以上时会产生负面影响。

饲料蛋白质水平对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)生长性能、消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中不同蛋白质水平对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)生长性能、消化酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。以鱼粉、鸡肉粉和豆粕等为主要蛋白源,通过调整豆粕的添加量配制成38%、40%、42%、44%、46%、48%蛋白水平的饲料,分别命名为PD1、PD2、PD3、PD4、PD5、PD6,饲喂平均初始体重为(12.5±0.2)g的斑节对虾8周,每种试验饲料投喂4个水族箱,每个水族箱放养25尾斑节对虾。结果表明:①各组斑节对虾的存活率无显著差异(P>0.05),均在98%及以上;随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高,试验虾的增重率和特定生长率升高,在PD4组试验虾增重率和特定生长率达到最大值。②虾体的水分、灰分和粗脂肪含量在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),但虾体的粗蛋白含量随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,最高值出现在PD4和PD5两组,且显著高于PD1、PD2组和PD3组(P<0.05)。③肝脏蛋白酶活性PD4组显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。淀粉酶的活性最高值出现在PD1组且显著高于PD3、PD4、PD5组和PD6组(P<0.05)。④肝脏AST活性在PD3组最低,显著低于PD1、PD2、PD5和PD6组(P<0.05);ALT活性在PD4组活性达到最大值,显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),其中PD5组和PD6组的ALT酶活性显著低于PD2、PD3组(P<0.05)。以特定生长率为评价指标,通过二次多项式曲线模型分析得出斑节对虾特定生长率最优时饲料蛋白质水平为44.52%。可见对于12.5 g左右的斑节对虾的饲料中蛋白质水平可设定为44.52%。

Genetic diversity and differentiation of three populations of Penaeus monodon Fabricus

Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon populations sampled from the coastal waters of Qinglan （ Hainan Province of China, HN） and Malaysia （KD）, and the F1 generation of a Thailand broodstock population （CP） were examined by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of 21 loci encoded by ten enzymes, 11 were polymorphic. The mean proportions of polymorphic loci of HN, KD and CP were 36. 36%, 45.45% and 50.00% , with the average heterozygosities of 0.135, 0.181 and 0.191, and the effective numbers of alleles per loci were 1. 300, 1. 330 and 1. 329, respectively. The divergent indexes of HN, KD and CP were0.023, 0.124, and 0.117, respectively. The genetic distance between the two wild populations was 0.005, and the gene differentiation coefficient was also very low （0.014）. The results indicated that the F1 generation population had a higher genetic diversity than the two wild populations, and that the HN population had the lowest one. There was no significant differentiation between HN and KD populations and all populations existed with a slight heterozygote excess.

斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)卵巢组织石蜡切片自发荧光的研究

[目的]利用卵巢组织石蜡切片自发荧光观察斑节对虾卵母细胞发育。[方法]研究采用普通石蜡切片技术获得斑节对虾发育各期卵巢组织切片,采用苏木青/伊红染色后利用3种自发荧光对卵巢组织切片进行观察,探讨绿色自发荧光下观察卵母细胞不同发育阶段需要的最适曝光时间。[结果]卵巢组织切片直接自发荧光观察卵母细胞的发育较HE染色后观察更为方便、有效,且切片可以继续用于后续试验。3种自发荧光中,绿色自发荧光的观察效果最好。[结论]该研究可为快速观察斑节对虾卵母细胞发育和高效利用试验材料提供了新思路和新方法。

Computational identification and characterization of microRNAs and their targets in Penaeus monodon

Study on shrimp miRNAs was limited and just 7 mature miRNA sequences of Marsupenaeus japonicus are deposited in mir Base database. In this study, miRNAs and their target gene candidates were computationally identified from shrimp Penaeu s monodon and then experimentally validated. Using 39 908 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) and 21 124 genome survey sequences(GSSs) of P. monodon(pmo) as reference dataset, a comprehensive approach based on inter-species homolog search was employed to investigate the candidate miRNAs(i.e. pmo-miRNA). A total of eight miRNAs belonging to 7 families were computationally identified and five out of them were subsequently validated by PCR and sequencing. Of these, pmo-miR-4961a, pmo-miR-4961b, pmo-miR-4979 and pmo-miR-3819 were first identified from shrimps. Both the mature pmo-miRNAs and the corresponding precursors were conserved among different species. Based on perfect or near-perfect match to the target region, the target gene candidates of pmomiRNAs were predicted from 10 331 mRNA sequences of P. monodon. A total of 20 genes were predicted as the targets of pmo-miR-4961a, pmo-miR-4961b, pmo-miR-4979 and pmo-miR-6492. Experimental validation by dual luciferase reporter assay confi rmed the targeting between 3 pmo-miRNAs and one or two of their target genes, especially the pmo-miR-4979 which could significantly down-regulate the expression of target gene(JR226772). This study updates the miRNAs and their targets in P. monodon and lays a solid foundation for future RNAi study.

Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights into Host Response to Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon

The hepatopancreatic necrosis disease(HPND)is a common shrimp disease.Aquaculture of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has suffered with the frequent outbreak of HPND.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host response to HPND is of pivotal importance for improving its farming performance.In this study,the RNA-Seq platform was utilized to investigate transcriptomic changes of the hepatopancreas in pond-cultured P.monodon with HPND symptoms.A total of 62071 genes with an average length of 953 bp were obtained,and a lot of simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci related to these genes were identified.Totally,5204 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected between healthy shrimp and HPND shrimp,with 3399 genes upregulated and 1,805 genes down-regulated.These genes had a wide range of biological functions,and several well-known immunerelated genes including integrin alpha 5,integrin beta 1,C type lectin and catalase were among the DEGs.Cell signaling pathways including the extracellular matrix(ECM)receptor interaction,phagosome and lysosome pathways were significantly upregulated in HPND-infected shrimps,indicating their involvement in the immune responses of shrimp against HPND.The data obtained in this study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of shrimp host response to HPND disease,and provides a resource for molecular marker development and genetic breeding studies of P.monodon.

Distribution of Bacteria Injected in Body of Giant Black Shrimp, Penaeus Monodon

Distribution of injected Vibrio anguillarum in body of Penaeus monodon was studied with immunohistochemical method. Bacteria could be detected throughout the experiment in some individuals; however in lymphoid tissue, gill, heart and haemolymph of all vibrio injected shrimp, the bacteria could be observed only 5 min after injection. The bacteria density in haemolymph, haemolymph of the hepatopancreas and gills decreased with time. In the lymphoid organ and heart, the bacteria density was the highest 48 h after injection, then decreased. Nodules could be formed in the heart, lymphoid organ and injection site.

鱼塭产斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)催熟繁殖技术研究

以综合催熟措施和移植精荚手术相结合的技术方法，解决了鱼塭产斑节对虾催熟效应期长，产卵率低，易蜕壳失去精荚等难题。使用 ２７８ 尾雌虾，催熟率达９０％ 以上，在４０ ｄ 内共产卵６０８ 尾次，卵量１８ ５３０ 万粒，孵出无节幼体１１ ９９８ 万尾，平均孵化率 ６４．７％ ，平均每尾雌虾孵出无节幼体 ４３．１ 万尾，育成商品虾苗 １ ０２８．５ 万尾，育苗平均成活率 １３．６％ ，试养成活率５７．１％

硫化氢对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)溞状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾的毒性

探讨硫化氢对斑节对虾溞状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾的毒性,求出其安全浓度,为加强育苗期间的水质管理,促进育苗生产稳定健康发展提供科学的参考。用常规生物毒性试验方法研究硫化氢对斑节对虾溞状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾的毒性,计算斑节对虾各时期的半致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(SC)。在斑节对虾溞状幼体时期,24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度LC50分别为0.856、0.720、0.413、0.377 mg/L;在斑节对虾糠虾幼体时期,24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度LC50分别为5.167、4.460、1.387、0.940 mg/L;在斑节对虾仔虾时期,24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度LC50分别为20.625、17.813、12.056、10.762 mg/L。硫化氢对斑节对虾溞状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾的安全浓度(CS)分别为0.038、0.094、1.076 mg/L。硫化氢对斑节对虾溞状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾毒性作用显著,随着硫化氢浓度的增加,对斑节对虾各时期幼体表现出不同程度的毒性作用。

ONTOGENIC STUDY OF ISOZYMES IN GIANT TIGER PRAWN,PENAEUS MONODON (CRUSTACEA:DECAPODA)

The patterns of isozyme variation throughout the life cycle of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeusmonodon were described for ten enzyme systems (G3PD, MDH, LGG, GPI, MPI, FBP, PGM, LDH,PGD, and PROT). The zymograms showh little variation in the number of isozymic loci expressed duringlarval development compared with results reported for other penaeid prawns. There were specific ontogenicpatterns at some loci. As larvae developed beyond the embryonic stage, there was tendency for intensityof staining and complexity of banding patterns to increase.

Construction of full length cDNA expression library of hepatopancreas of Penaeus monodon

mRNA was isolated from the hepatopancrease of shrimp Penaeus monodon with a PolyAT-tract System 1000 Kit. By using mRNA as template, double - strand cDNA with EcoR I/Xho I ends was synthesized by using a ZAP Express cDNA Synthesis Kit. The cDNA was inserted into the lambda ZAP Express vector predigested with EcoR l/Xho Ⅰ, and the recombinant DNA was in vitro packaged into lambda phage with GigapackⅢ Gold packaging extracts. These recombinant phages were then used to transfect E. coli XL1 - Blue MRF', and finally a cDNA expression library was constructed. The library is 7.2 × 10~5pfu in capacity and its recombination ratio is higher than 99 % . The size of the inserted cDNAs was determined by EcoR l/Xho I digestion of 9 phagemids prepared by in vivo excision of plaques selected randomly from amplified cDNA library . The longest inserted cDNA is about 1.6 kb in length. The complete sequence (about 1.2 kb) of actin cDNA was amplified from the library by PCR reveals that this library contains full-length cDNAs of Penaeus monodon hepatopancreas and is available for screening and expression of shrimp genes.

The combined effects of temperature and salinity on survival of postlarvae tiger prawn <i>Penaeus monodon</i>under laboratory conditions

A 3 x 4 two-factor factorial experimental design with three replications per treatment was conducted to determine the effects three temperatures viz., room temperature (29°C ± 1°C) and elevated temperatures (33°C and 35°C ± 0.5°C) and four salinities (25, 30, 33 and 35 ppt) on survival of postlarvae tiger prawn Penaeus monodon under laboratory conditions. Results showed that temperature had a greater influence on survival of postlarvae P. monodon than salinity and low water temperature (29°C) gave better larval survival than higher water temperatures (33°C and 35°C). In addition, the PL1 had better tolerance to high temperatures than PL15. At the termination of the experiment, the best survival of PL1 was found at 29°C for all salinities tested with an average of 95.8%, while the best survival of PL15 was also found at 29°C for all salinities tested with an average of 70.6%. Based on survival at temperatures and salinities tested, the best salinity and temperature combination for the culture of P. monodon PL1 and PL15 were 29°C at 25, 30, 33 and 35 ppt, and 29°C at 25 and 30 ppt, respectively.

Survey of Penaeus monodon Post Larvae in Semi Saline Zone of Kholpatua River of Satkhira Near Sundarbans Reserved Forest Bangladesh

This study monitored the present status ofPenaeus monodon post larvae （PL.） of Kholpatua river in Satkhira. The survey was conducted in Kholpatua river from January 2014 to December 2014 and was compared with the ten years old secondary data. The results showed that there was a 41.57% decrease in number of catches ofP. monodon PL. over the course of time from ten years ago to the year of 2014. Although the number of active fishermen＇s boats have increased from 250 to 360 in ten years. The study also showed that the severe shrimp seed collection activities reduced the availability ofP. monodon PL. at Satkhira district, which has a severe negative impact on the availability of total catches. To control such decrease of P. monodon PL. in Bangladesh, more intensive study should be done.