Factors Influencing Preventive Behaviors of Mothers for Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-5 Years in Buol District, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers＇ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square （X^2） test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers＇ behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively）. Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.

我国六个区域2006年1～59岁人群乙型肝炎病毒感染现状及疫苗接种情况分析

目的了解我国华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北地区,2006年1～59岁人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)感染现状及乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)接种情况。方法系统分析2006年全国乙肝血清流行病学调查资料。结果华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北地区,2006年1～59岁人群HepB接种率分别为50.81%、53.78%、50.02%、47.93%、31.21%和47.60%;乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBV Surface Antigen,HBsAg)流行率分别3.83%、5.56%、7.76%、9.12%、7.92%、4.87%;抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)流行率分别42.79%、46.44%、48.76%、57.36%、49.74%、46.42%。结论我国六个区域2006年1～59岁人群HBsAg流行率均有不同程度下降,Anti-HBs流行率有所上升,我国自1992年HepB纳入儿童计划免疫管理效果显著。

湖南省1～59岁人群乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原和抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原抗体流行率调查

目的为了解湖南省1-59岁人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒表面抗原（Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen,HBs Ag）和抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体（Antibody to HBs Ag,Anti-HBs）流行率,掌握乙肝流行现况,评价乙肝疫苗（Hepatitis B Vaccine,Hep B）纳入儿童免疫规划后的效果,制定今后乙肝预防控制（防控）计划提供参考。方法采用分层三阶段整群随机抽样方法,第一阶段抽取县（市、区）,第二阶段抽取村（居委会）,第三阶段抽取调查对象个体。根据公式n=400×Q/P进行样本量估算,P（1-59岁人群HBs Ag流行率）按4%计算,本次调查需总样本量为9600。使用统计分析系统（Statistical Analysis System,SAS）9.4编程软件对本次的HBs Ag、Anti-HBs流行率调查资料进行统计分析。统计分析方法采用复杂调查设计为基础的估计方法进行参数估计,用调查设计权重进行总体率的加权估计,采用泰勒级数线性法估计率的方差。结果湖南省1-59岁人群HBs Ag、Anti-HBs流行率分别为7.23%、52.02%。城市人群HBs Ag、Anti-HBs流行率分别为6.09%、50.98%;农村人群HBs Ag、Anti-HBs流行率分别为8.33%、53.04%。男性HBs Ag、Anti-HBs流行率分别为8.18%、51.37%;女性HBs Ag、Anti-HBs流行率分别为6.27%、52.68%。1-4岁、5-14岁、15-59岁HBs Ag流行率分别为0.82%、1.71%、8.68%,Anti-HBs流行率分别为54.77%、55.25%、51.25%。结论湖南省Hep B纳入儿童免疫规划效果显著,1-4岁儿童HBs Ag流行率已降至〈1%。但乙肝防控形势仍然严峻,1-59岁人群HBs Ag流行率〉7%,仍属乙肝中度流行地区。